Mucous gland adenoma, one type of bronchial adenoma, is first introduced by Rosenblum and Klein2) in 1935 and very rare. Only twenty-one cases had been reported in english literature. This tumor must be differentiated from other types of bronchial adenoma because of completely benign clinical course. A case of mucous gland adenoma is presented which showed marked secondary calcification.
Adenoma

We report a family suffering from Marie Unnas hypotrichosis (8 members affected in 4 generations). At birth they had normal hairs, subsequently loss of hair on the scalp, eyebrow and eyelash. At about 3rd years, coarse twisted scalp hair regrow until puberty when progressive loss from vertex and scalp margin was noticed. On physical examination and lsboratory studies, there was no associated abnormality in the patients. The scanning electron microscopic examination of the affected hair showed cuticular peeling and twisting or angulation of hair shaft.
Adolescent ; Eyebrows ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypotrichosis* ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Puberty ; Scalp

A dislocation after total hip arthroplasty is a serious complication that is related to the component position and poor patient compliance. Therefore, the attendants and surgeons need to be aware of the risk factors for dislocations and take steps to prevent them. In addition, the surgeon should insert the components within the safe zone. The patients should also be informed of possibility of dislocations after total hip arthroplasty. Dislocations can be treated conservatively but a recurrent dislocation requires surgery. The causes of recurrent dislocations must be evaluated before surgery to achieve a high success rate.
Arthroplasty ; Dislocations ; Hip ; Humans ; Patient Compliance ; Risk Factors

Both spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma and atypical fibroxanthoma are most commonly presented as a solitary, often ulcerated nodule, occurring on sun-exposed skin of the elderly. These lesions also share the histologic features of diffuse or indistinct fascicular arrangement of polygonal or pulmp spindle cells. Therefore it is not easy to differentiate immunohistochemistry is done. A case of 73 year old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin resembling atypical fibroxanthoma is presented.
Female ; Humans

Intravenous anesthesia, using sedative for the rapid loss of consciousness and analgesic for the potent and short-acting effect, has been widely done. So tbis study is aimed to see if propofol-fentanyl are effective enough for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) used for outpatient and how it will effects on cardiovascular system. Above all, 45 patients were selected randomly and their blood pressure(BP), heart rate(HR), respiratory rate(RR) and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2) were measured shortly before giving propofol and fentanyl. Then, after giving propofol and fentanyl, BP,HR, RR and SaO2 were measured as the adequate depth of anesthesia. And after 5 to 10 minutes, ESWL was done. Involuntary movements and pain were checked as additional depth of anesthesia. With the time, HR and SaO2 showed statistically significant decrease with no clnical meanings. And there was no special treatment for involuntary movements founded in 8 patients but 13 patients suffering from pain were given additional fentanyl. In conclusion, intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl works effectively for ESWL. Therefore if during ESWL, cardiopulmonary functions are monitored carefully, intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl will be an effective and safe anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Cardiovascular System ; Dyskinesias ; Fentanyl ; Heart ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Outpatients* ; Oxygen ; Propofol ; Shock ; Unconsciousness

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare risperidone(as an atypical antipsychotic) with haloperidol(as a typical antipsychotic), so we examined the clinical effects and changes of plasma HVA, 5-HIAA & HVA/5-HIAA ratio after 8 week of risperidone or haloperidol trial. METHOD: Twenty-six male chronic schizophrenic patients were treated for 8 weeks with risperidone(N=14) and haloperidol(N=12). The duration of wash-out period was 14 days. The psychopathologic assessment was chechked by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and plasma HVA & 5-HIAA was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detector. The checking points were just before drug trial and 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th week(total 5 times). RESULTS: 1) Risperidone trial group were more improved than haloperidol tiral group in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative and general psychopathy). 2) Changes of plasma HVA and 5-HIAA in the risperidone and haloperidol trial group were not statistically different. But because baseline 5-HIAA of risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group, the increase of haloperidol trial group would be more. 3) There was significant difference in changes of HVA/5-HIAA ratio between risperidone and haloperidol trial group. But the change of HVA compared with 5-HIAA in risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that risperidone was more effective in clinical symptoms, and suggest that cause of these results may be due to blocking both of dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors of risperidone.
Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid* ; Male ; Plasma* ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Tramadol

BACKGROUND: Free radical-mediated oxidative damage has been implicated in ischemic brain injury. There are also increasing evidences that nitric oxide is involved in the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia. To elucidate the effect of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition on the hydroxyl radical formation, we used a method based on the chemical trapping of hydroxyl radical in the form of the stable adducts 2,3-DHBA following salicylate adminstration. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 15 min of global cerebral ischemia by both carotid artery occlusion plus systemic hemorrhagic hypotension (35 mmHg). Artificial CSF including salicylate (5 mM) was continuously infused through a microdiaysis probe implanted in the left hippocampus CA1. Hippocampal extracellular fluid was sampled at regular intervals before, during, and after ischemia. The levels of 2,3-DHBA were assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection during 15 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion period. RESULTS: Cerebral blood flow was reduced to 5% level of control in ischemic period, but increased 3 or 4 times in early phase of reperfusion period, and returned to normal 50 to 60 minutes after the cessation of ischemia. Inhibition of NOS by L-NAME did not prevent ischemia-induced 2,3-DHBA elevation, but increased its level during reperfusion. This increase in 2,3-DHBA could be reversed by L-arginine. The elevated 2,3-DHBA after IR in L-NAME treated rats was not due to either changes in CBF or local blood brain barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS: The above results indicate NO protects brain from damages by hydroxyl radical, at least less than one hour after initiation of reperfusion.
Animals ; Arginine ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Arteries ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Extracellular Fluid ; Hippocampus ; Hydroxyl Radical* ; Hypotension ; Ischemia ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Permeability ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion

Recent studies(Rorke et al., 1968: Moir 1970: Baraka, 1970: Fox and Houle, 1971) have demonstrated that the maternal arterial oxygen tension during Cesarean section is an important determinant of fetal oxygenation and consequently of the clinical condition of the infant at birth for oxygen is transferred by simple diffusion across the placenta to the fetus. Fetal blood oxygen tension is affected by the arteiral oxygen tension and concentration of the mother, and also is affected by uterine blood flow(Fox and Houle, 1971). The enlarged uterus pushes the diaphragm upwards. This results in a change in position of the heart which is lifted upwards, shifted to the left and anteriorly, and a change in the thoracic cage, and heart rate is increased about 10~12 beats above normal. There is a significant increase in cardiac output which reaches a peak 30~50% above normal until term, and in respiratory rate, so that it follows that oxygen consumption increases but its direct cause is the metabolic need of the uterus, placenta and fetus(Atkinson et al., 1977). As well as increased oxygen consumption in parturients hypoxia may occur in situations of difficult intubation, laryngoscopy for intubation, extubation and during endotracheal suctioning. Because of the markedly decreased oxygen tension, these procedures are more dangerous than for non-parturients. Therefore sufficient oxygenation is recommanded(Archer and Marx, 1974). We selected at random 78 adult female patients who had received Cesarean section and other surgical procedures under general anesthesia with intubation at Severance Hospital from September to November, 1980. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was ventilated with 100% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 2 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 3 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea with endotracheal suction. We analysed the decrease in oxygen tension between parturients and onoparturients. The results were as follows: 1) During apnes, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater (p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 100% oxygen group. 2) During apnea, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater(p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 50% oxygen group. 3) During apnea, the decreases in oxygen tension were significantly greater(p<0.05) in paturients than in non-paturients in the 50% oxygen and endotracheal suction group. These results indicate the importance of preoxygenation prior to endotracheal intubation and endotracheal suction and also of prompt reoxygenation following endotracheal intubation, extubation and endotracheal suction.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Apnea* ; Cardiac Output ; Cesarean Section ; Diaphragm ; Diffusion ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Mothers ; Oxygen Consumption ; Oxygen* ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Rate ; Suction ; Uterus

This study was done to see the changes in the serum transaminase and LDH levels after general anesthesia in open heart surgery. We selected at random 60 patients who had received open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass with mild to moderated hypothermia. They were divided into 3 groups depending on the anesthetic agents, halothane, penthrane and morphine group. Serum transaminase and LDH levels were checked before operation and also about 24 hours after operation; SGOP; spectrophotometirc assay by end-point method with Sequential Multiple Autoanalyser(SMA), SGPT; Spectrophotometric assay by kinetic method with SMA, LDH; Spectrophotometric assay by kinetic method. The results were as follows: 1) Serum transaminase and LDH levels were not significantly influenced by anesthetic agents after open heart surgery. 2) Serum transaminase and LDH levels were not significantly influenced by anesthetic agents in congental heart disease. 3) Serum transaminase and LDH levels were not significantly influenced by anesthetic agents in acquired heart disease.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Halothane ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Methoxyflurane ; Morphine ; Thoracic Surgery*

BACKGROUND: This study purposed to analyze regional factors related to gastric cancer screening rate provided by national cancer screening program in Korea. METHODS: The unit of analysis was administrative districts of si∙gun∙gu level. Dependent variable was regional gastric cancer screening rate provided by national cancer screening program, and regional variables were selected to represent the regional characteristics such as demographic, health behavior and status, socioeconomic, and health resource. Tobit regression was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: Analysis results showed that gastric cancer screening rate was varied depending on regions from 47.8% to 69.1%. Tobit regression showed that gastric cancer screening rate had negative relationships with smoking rate, financial independence rate, and National Health Insurance premium per capita. And regional gastric cancer screening rate had positive relationships with sex ratio and number of gastric cancer screening center. CONCLUSION: Regional characteristics should be considered in establishing regional policies for increasing the gastric cancer screening rate.
Early Detection of Cancer ; Health Behavior ; Health Resources ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; National Health Programs ; Sex Ratio ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Stomach Neoplasms