Lung is known as a vulnerable organ to metastatic tumors. Metastasis occurs mainly through lymphatics but seldom via blood vessels. Adenocarcinoma with mucin emboli is very rare. Primary foci reported in the literature were breast, lung, ovary and pancreas. A lung biopsy from a 60-year-old male patient showed floating mucin associated with metastatic adenocarcinoma to the lung in the blood vessels. The tumor cells spreaded along the vascular endothelium as if they were vascular endothelial cells. The tumor cells and mucin in the vessel were strong positive for PAS staining. Elastic and immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin highlighted the vascular wall in the mucin containing structure with infarction of the lung. The primary focus was identified in the pancreatic head through the abdominal ultra-sonographic and computer-tomographic examination.
Actins ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Breast ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Infarction ; Lung* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Pancreas

These days, the epidural administration. of morphine is commonly used for postoperative pain re lief because even small amount of morphine (3mg) is enough to have an effect on specific opiates receptors of the spinal canal. We report a prospective double blind study of the efficacy of a single epidural dose of morphine on pain after spinal decompression. Postoperative pain was assessed by a linear analogue pain score and by the additional require ment for systemic analgesics. The results obtained are as follows:l. In spinal decompression, the adminitration of epidural morphine is easy, effective and safe because the epidural space has been already exposured during operation. 2. After operation the epidural route of morphine administration will give pain relief for up to 12 hours excellently. 3. When epidural morphine is given at the time of operations, the use of systemic analgesics is much reduced. 4. The side effects of epidural morphine are much reduced due to the small amount of morphine required. This simple procedure is recommended as an effective and safe method of reducing postoperative pain.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Decompression ; Double-Blind Method ; Epidural Space ; Methods ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Canal

We evaluated pseudophakia in high myopic patients whose an axial lenght were 26mm and over. Cataract surgery was performed with ECCE and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantations from May 1986 to May 1991 on 69 patients (80 eyes). The results were as follows; 1. Most myopic patients were good candidates for posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation regardless of axial length. 2. Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantations in high myopia were a good refractive surgery. 3. The theoretical formula had better predictabilized than the empirical formula in apredictive accuracy.
Cataract ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Myopia* ; Pseudophakia ; Refractive Surgical Procedures

This report presents the use of various surgical treatment modalities in patients who were diagnosed as having thyroid ophthalmopathy. The records of 53 patients who received surgery because of thyroid ophthalmopathy at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine between Sept. 1996 and Jan. 2000 were retrospectively evaluated. Among the 53 patients, there were 30 females and 23 males. The mean ages of the patients were 40.8 +/- 17.1 years. Orbital wall decompression (52.8%) was the most frequently performed surgery followed by lid surgery (49.1%) and strabismus surgery (26.4%). Only one type of surgery was performed on 86.8% of the patients while 13.2% received more than one type of surgery. Among the many different types of surgeries possible in patients that have thyroid ophthalmopathy, orbital wall decompression, lid surgery, and strabismus surgery are the most commonly used surgical methods for treatment.
Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; Eyelids/surgery ; Female ; Graves' Disease/*surgery ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; *Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Orbit/surgery ; Strabismus/surgery

The effect of interpregnancy interval on birthweight of the subsequent child was investigated for the 1,347 women of 25 to 40yearsold age who visited OBGY and Pediatric department of the general hospital in Taegu city. Questions in designed questionnaire were asked by student interviewers who were trained in nursing school. Mean birth weight by interpregnancy intervals were compared by intervals of 6 months. Mean birth weight increased from 3,250 grams for intervals of 6 months to 3,357 grams for intervals of 25-30 months, but the difference was not statistically significant (=0.47). Correlations between the continuous variables which were suspected as confounders and interpregnancy interval and birth weight were investigated. The coefficient of correlation between maternal age and interpregnancy interval was 0.39, between gestational period and birth weight 0.30 and between prepregnancy weight and birth weight 0.16 and between birth weight of first baby and birth weight (of second baby) 0.44. But maternal age, gestational period and prepregnancy weight were not considered as confounder, because they were not correlated simultaneously with birth interval and birth weight. Associations between the discrete variables which were suspected as confounders, and interpregnancy interval were investigated by Chi-square test. Associations between interpregancy interval and educational level of mothers, types of husband's occupation, types of medical security, sex were not significant (P-values were 0.59, 0.75, 0.75, 0.82 respectively), so we did not considered these variables as confounding variables. In multiple regression analysis of birth weight, significant variables were birth weight of first baby, gestational analysis of birth weight, significant variables were birth weight of first bay, gestational period, sex of neonate and prepregnancy body weight of mother. Of the 1,347 births, the rate of low birth weight was 2% (27 birth). The rate for interpregnancy interval 7-12months was highest as 3.6% and that for 13-18 months was lowest as 0.6%, but there was no regular tendency related with interpregnancy interval.
Bays ; Birth Intervals ; Birth Weight* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Daegu ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Parturition* ; Schools, Nursing

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory condition whose etiology remains poorly understood. Eosinophilic cystitis is characterized histologically by infiltration of eosinophils into all layers of the bladder.We herein report two cases of eosinophilic cystitis with brief review of the literiture.
Cystitis* ; Eosinophils*

It has long been known that lactoferrin prevents human beings from infection of virus. To prove this activity of lactoferrin, we evaluated the activities of different lactoferrins to an isolate human rotavirus K-21. Bovine lactoferrin inhibited infection of K-21 to MA-104 cell at the concentration of 25.9 microM whereas bovine hydrolysed lactoferrin prevented rotavirus infection at 103.8 microM. However human lactoferrin prevented infection of K-21 at the concentration of 217.5 microM. These data suggested that lactoferrin activity may be unaffected by the intestinal digestive enzymes and bovine lactoferrin is more active than human lactoferrin with respect to prevention of rotavirus infection.
Humans* ; Lactoferrin* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus*

It has long been known that lactoferrin prevents human beings from infection of virus. To prove this activity of lactoferrin, we evaluated the activities of different lactoferrins to an isolate human rotavirus K-21. Bovine lactoferrin inhibited infection of K-21 to MA-104 cell at the concentration of 25.9 microM whereas bovine hydrolysed lactoferrin prevented rotavirus infection at 103.8 microM. However human lactoferrin prevented infection of K-21 at the concentration of 217.5 microM. These data suggested that lactoferrin activity may be unaffected by the intestinal digestive enzymes and bovine lactoferrin is more active than human lactoferrin with respect to prevention of rotavirus infection.
Humans* ; Lactoferrin* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus*

Weak D type 102 allele (RHD*01W.102) carrying a missense variant (c.73A＞T, p.Ile25Phe) in exon 1 of the RHD has not been reported in Koreans to date. This is the first report of the weak D type 102 allele in the Korean population. The proposita, a 35-year-old woman, showed a serological weak D phenotype in routine RhD typing. Sequencing of all 10 RHD exons and zygosity testing targeting the hybrid Rhesus box revealed this proposita to harbor the weak D type 102 allele, as well as an RHD deletion (RHD*01W.102/RHD*01N.01). Family studies showed that the weak D type 102 allele was also present in her father and older brother (both assumed to be RHD*01W.102/RHD*01) but not in her mother and oldest brother (both assumed to be RHD*01/RHD*01N.01). In silico analysis of the replacement of isoleucine by phenylalanine at position 25 was done with PolyPhen-2, SIFT, and PROVEAN. While PolyPhen-2 predicted the variant as benign, SIFT and PROVEAN predicted it as damaging and deleterious, respectively, suggesting RHD c.73A>T (I25F) as the cause of serologic weak D phenotype. This patient should be treated as D-negative, when transfusion is needed.

PURPOSE: Interleukin-9(IL-9), one of Th2-type cytokines, might be important in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. We investigated the effect of IL-9 on human mast cells by assessing cell proliferation and histamine release. METHODS: Human umbilical cord blood cells were cultured in the presence of stem cell factor(SCF, 100 ng/mL) and IL-6(50 ng/mL) in liquid medium for 8 weeks. Then these cells were divided into 3 aliquots. Each aliquot was cultured for 4 more weeks in different conditions : SCF alone(100 ng/mL), IL-9 alone(50 ng/mL) and SCF+IL-9. Cell numbers were counted using hemocytometer. For evaluation of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was determined by propidium iodide(PI) staining and flow cytometric analysis. Histamine concentration was measured by ELISA after stimulation with human IgE and anti-human IgE. RESULTS: Cell numbers increased significantly when they were cultured in the presence of SCF and IL-9 compared with SCF alone(P<0.05). Proliferation of mast cells was mediated by decreased apoptosis. Histamine release in activated mast cells was not different regardless of incubation with IL-9. CONCLUSION: IL-9 might be involved in allergic inflammation via proliferation of mast cells in target tissue.
Apoptosis ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation* ; Cytokines ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fetal Blood ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-9* ; Mast Cells* ; Propidium ; Stem Cells