The majority of renal calculi including staghorn calculi can be treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with percutaneous or endourological relief. In case of complete staghorn calculi, many treatment sessions may be required and non-operative treatment by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) also is an invasive technique, because the insertion of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube into a calyx occupied by a staghorn calculus, placement of a safety guide wire into the ureter and dilatation of the tract are extremely difficult. From July 1985 to December 1991 we evaluated 12 patients with complete staghorn calculi in 15 kidneys for initial therapy using anatrophic nephrolithotomy. We suggest that the operative treatment should still be considered a viable treatment option, especially in patients with complete staghorn calculi.
Calculi* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Calculi ; Lithotripsy ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Shock ; Ureter

No abstract available.
Diagnosis*

No abstract available.
Broad Ligament* ; Female ; Leiomyoma* ; Leiomyosarcoma*

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon serious suppurative infection characterized by the production of intrarenal and perirenal gas generally occurs in patient with diabetes mellitus or urinary tract obstruction. We report our experience with the successful management of a case emphysematous pyelonephritis which occurred in 22 year-old diabetic woman with UPJ obstruction in a solitary kidney. She was treated non-operatively with intensive anti-microbial therapy, insulin therapy and percutaneous nephrostomy as a initial life saving procedure. After improvement of renal function and general condition, we performed dismembered pyeloplasty for UPJ obstruction.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; Kidney* ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Pyelonephritis* ; Urinary Tract ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: It has been known that the sero- logic markers of infectivity and viral replication in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection are hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg), HRV DNA and HBV DNA polymerase. METHODS: In order to clarify the relationship between chronic liver diseases and HBV infection, and the mechanism of chronicity in HBV related liver diseases, the expression patterns of hepatic HBeAg by imrnunohistochemical stain and histologic activity index(HAI) were studied from 10% formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues in 114 patients performed liver biopsy. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Incidence of serum HReAg positivity in HBsAg positive patients was 74.6% and that of hepatic HBeAg expression was 77.6% among serum HBeAg positive cases. Hepatic HBeAg expression was 72.4% in serum HBeAg negative cases. 2) In serum HBeAg positive cases, almost all infected hepatocytes exhibited cytoplasmic HBeAg expression and half of patients showed nuclear HBeAg expression, but cytoplasmic HBeAg expression was solely predominant in serum HBeAg negative cases. Hepatic HBeAg expression showed a decreasing trend from AVH and CPH, through CAH, to cirrhosis with or without HCC, which was a consistent finding with serum HBeAg in decreasing manner. Hepatic HBeAg expreassion was highly sustained in about 60-90% of cases, regardless of duration of their illnesses. 3) HAI showed slighf3y higher tendency in patients with hepatic HBeAg negative expression than in positive cases. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that HBeAg may play a role as a viral target antigen for immune-mediated liver injury and may be also related to the pathogenetic mechanism of chronicity in chronic hepatitis B.
Biopsy ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Fibrosis ; Formaldehyde ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Logic ; Paraffin