PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of neonatal urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and non- Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI. METHODS: We compared clinical characteristics of 84 neonatal patients with UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae who were hospitalized at the Department of Pediatricsat Han Dong University, Sunlin Hospital during the period between May, 1994 and August, 1998. The cases were divided into two groups depending upon causative organisms' Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI vs non-Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI, and the clinical characteristics of these groups were compared. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was the most common bacterial pathogen causing neonatal UTI, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. There was no significant difference in the sex distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI, but non-Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI showed male predominence. There were no significant differences in the incidences of hematologic, urologic, radiologic findings and perinatal complications in between these 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Klebsiella pneumoniae is the second most common pathogen causing neonatal UTI. There were no specific differences in the laboratory, symptomatologic, and radiologic findings in these two groups.
Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Incidence ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Sex Distribution ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

161 patients with tibia fracture were treated by closed intramedullary nailing at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eul-Ji General hospital, Dae Jeon, during 5 years from January, 1988 to April, 1993. 134 of these patients were performed with Kiintscher IM nailing and 27 patients with Ender nailing. Rigid IM nailing is the method of choice in tibia shaft fracture with rigid fixation, low complication, wide indication and early weight bearing, but the treatment of segmental fracture of the tibia will have many difficulties because of severe displacement, severe comminution, massive soft tissue damage and lack of blood supply at fracture site. Either antegrade or retrograde Ender nailing was of value for the management of segmental fracture which was too proximally or too dixtally located to insert interlocking screws, open fracture and soft tissue injury around Kiintscher insertion site. The result as fllows; 1. 43 fractures were open and 118 were closed. 69 fractures involved the distal portion, 55 fractures the middle portion, 13 fractures the proximal portion of the tibia and 24 fractures were segmental. 2. Among the 161 eases, 114 cases were male and 47 cases were female, the most common ages were ranged from 21 year to 30 year, involving 44 cases. 3. The most common cause was traffic accident. 4. Average intervals from injury to operation were 6.34 days(closed fracture) and 9.84 days(open fracture). 5. The mean durations of the bone union were 18.90 weeks(closed fracture) and 16.46 weeks(open fracture). 6. Complication included 7 cases delayed union, 3 cases nonunion, 8 cases superficial infection, 4 cases joint stiffness, 3 cases nail migration, 2 cases angular deformity, 2 cases rotational deformity, 1 cases osteomyelitis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daejeon ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

We have experienced a case of 13 ring chromosome in a 40-month-old girl who demonstrated psychomotor retardation with delayed speech, growth retardation, hearing loss(left), microcephaly, trigonocephaly with flat occiput, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, microophthalmia, broad prominamt nasal bridge, high arched palate, micrognathia, large auricles and other anomalies. Cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes with differential staining of chromosomes revealed 46, XX, r13. Her parents' karyotypes were normal. We reported the case with the review of the associated literatures.
Child, Preschool ; Craniosynostoses ; Cytogenetics ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Karyotype ; Lymphocytes ; Microcephaly ; Palate ; Ring Chromosomes*

No abstract available.
Caroli Disease*

The Her-2/neu protooncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is structurally homologous to the receptor for epidermal growth factor. Its amplification and overexpression are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Neu differentiation factor is a ligand for Her-2/neu protooncogene and was detected in ras-transformed rat fibroblasts. Heregulin (human homologue of neu differentiation factor) is a 44-kilodalton glycoprotein that stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and induces growth arrest or stimulation and differentiation in human breast cancer cell lines. In this study we examined the expression of heregulin mRNA by nested reverse transcription (RT) PCR with fresh tissue, Her-2/neu protein, ICAM-1 and steroid receptors by immunohistochemistry, and DNA ploidy pattern by flow cytometry with paraffin-embedded tissue in invasive breast carcinoma. We compared the data with nodal status, lymphovascular invasion, steroid receptor status and DNA ploidy pattern. For RT-PCR to heregulin mRNA, 38 cases of fresh breast cancer tissue were obtained. Total 68 cases of invasive breast carcinoma tissue were fixed in formalin, which were used for routine histology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The results are as follows; 1) Heregulin mRNA was expressed in 86.1% of patients with invasive breast carcinoma and 100% of patients with benign breast lesion using nested RT-PCR analysis. 2) Her-2/neu protein was overexpressed in 50.0% of tumors using immunohistochemistry. The expression of Her-2/neu protein was significantly correlated with high counts of lymph nodes with metastasis (p<0.05), and high nuclear grade (p<0.05). 3) Her-2/neu protein overexpression was significantly correlated with a high DNA index(p<0.05). All of the tumors showing Her-2/neu protein overexpression and no heregulin mRNA expression revealed near tetraploid DNA content. However, both Her-2/neu overexpression and heregulin mRNA expressing tumors revealed near tetraploidy in 38.9% and diploidy in 50.0%. Based on these results, heregulin mRNA expression rate was 86.1% in human invasive breast carcinoma. Her-2/neu protein overexpression is associated with high positive lymph node number and DNA index. Statistically significant reverse correlation with lymph node metastasis is not present.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Line ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Fibroblasts ; Flow Cytometry ; Formaldehyde ; Glycoproteins ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neuregulin-1* ; Phosphorylation ; Ploidies* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Rats ; Receptors, Steroid ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tetraploidy ; Tyrosine

In this paper, the philosophy and the content of medicinal philosophy of Lee Jae-Ma were illuminated through the history and philosophy of the late Choseon times from 1837 to 1900. Some conclusions were as follows: 1. Lee Jae-Ma was a philosopher as well as a doctor, and his philosophical background was well appeared in the book of . 2. Although the philosophy of Lee Jae-Ma and its terms were derived from the Kyunghakseol of Confucianism, the concept of these terms was different from the Neo-confucianism of Song Dynasty in China. 3. The four phases of the philosophy of Lee Jae-Ma was originated from the four important trigrams, however, he did not take the meanings of the changes and development of the trigrams in , but also took the four components of construction of cosmos similar to the Western theory of four component. 4. It is unreasonable that he is categorized in the group of the scholars of anti-Chu-tzu and neo-confucianist since the theory of the four phases was originated from the Kyunghakseol of Confucianism and also neo-Confucianism. 5. Dong Mu took the dualistic theory of mind and body in Ho Chun's as the core of his thought, but Dong Mu's method of the explanation was not based on the Taoism, the key of the thought of , but based on the Kyunghakseol of Confucianism. 6. Dong Mu wrote the two medicinal books and based on the thought of regimen of . But the philosophy of his books was based on the thought of Confucianism, not on of the nature of Taoism.
English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; Korea ; Philosophy, Medical/*history

BACKGROUND: Cord blood transplantation has generated much enthusiasm because of the low incidence of GVHD(graft-versus-host disease), even in HLA(Human Leukocyte Antigen) mismatched situations, owing to intrinsic defects in mature T cell functions, and human cord blood is a constantly and easily obtainable source for hematopoietic stem cell. This study was undertaken to elucidate the possible mechanisms of low GVHD incidence observed when cord blood is used for stem cell transplantation. Based on current knowledge of the phenotypic correlates with functional subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes, we evaluated lymphocyte subpopulation in cord blood. METHODS: The 25 cord blood and 20 peripheral blood of adult control were included in this study. Monoclonal antibodies(MAb) conjugated with fluorescein-isothiocynate(FITC), phycoerythrin(PE) were used in this study. Heparinized whole blood was stained with mAbs using the whole blood lysis method. We used FACScan flow cytometer with argon laser tuned at 488 nm. Analysis was done by either Simulset or lysis II research software. RESULT: 1) The means of WBC and lymphocyte content were higher in cord blood than in adult blood(p<0.05). 2) The overall percentages of cord blood T(CD3+) cells, B(CD19+) cells, NK(natural killer)(CD16+/CD56+) cells were not different from adult controls. 3) The CD4+ : CD8+ ratio of cord blood was higher than thar of adult controls(2.7 in cord bloods versus 1.8 in adults). 4) The majority of the cord blood cells, both CD4+ and CD8+, co-expressed the CD45RA+ (naive) molecule. 5) The CD57, an antigen present on a subpopulation of NK cells, is absent in cord blood. CONCLUSION: We determined that cord blood contained mainly naive T lymphocytes to be predominantly suppressor cells. We found reduced alloproliferative, allostimulatory and allocytotoxic capacity of cord blood lymphocytes. Therefore, the GVHD may be less readily induced in cord blood transplantation, even in the face of HLA difference.
Adult ; Argon ; Fetal Blood* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Heparin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Phenotype ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: Fat embolism syndrome is caused by traumatic and nontraumatic conditions, and most commonly associated with fractures of long bones of the lower extremity. Clinical manifestation of the fat embolism syndrome occurs in a minority of patients with fat emboli. The incidence of fat emboilsm has been reported 5-10%. The pulmonary symptoms of fat embolism are clinically important but hard to diagnose, so treatment was often delayed. The purpose of this study is to search for the development of fat embolism after long bone fracture of rabbit, and to demonstrate pulmonary fat embolism by high resolution computerized tomograhy (HRCT) and pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rabbits (Newzealand, 2.5-3 Kg) were divided into 2, 24, 72 hours and control groups after closed tibiofibular fracture. The presence of involvement was classified by high resolution computerized tomography with ground glass opacity, consolidation and focal hyperlucency. The extent was measured by 10% grading scale. Gross inspection, histologic examination and histochemistry (Oil red 0) were performed in removed lungs. RESULTS: Ground glass opacity was found in 100% of test subjects, consolidation was found in 89%, bronchovascular bundle thickening was found in 78% and focal hyperlucency was found in 33%. Fat embolism was developed in all groups with the 24-hour group showing maximal changes. Microscopically the vessel was occluded with fat globule which was stained with Oil red 0 stain. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal density lesion on HRCT was correlated with pathologic finding and was induced by fat emboli after long bone fracture of the rabbit
Embolism, Fat* ; Fractures, Bone* ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Pathology ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Islets of Langerhans* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

BACKGROUND: Capsular contracture is the most common complication after breast augmentation using implants. In case of severe capsular contracture, surgical correction is inevitable. We introduce a treatment for severe capsular contracture with serial fat grafting before augmentation using implants. METHODS: In severe cases of capsular contracture, we removed the implants and performed partial capsulectomy. We harvested fat from the flanks or thighs using liposuction. The first fat graft was performed in the subdermal, subcutaneous, and subglandular layers of the breast. The harvested fat was frozen and stored. One month after implant removal and the first graft, a second fat graft was performed. One month later, a third fat graft was performed. Six months after implant removal, we augmented the breasts with implants. RESULTS: The cases of severe breast contracture were treated without any complications. The volume and contour of the breasts were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: After implant removal in cases of severe capsular contracture, breast augmentation may be needed. Serial fat grafting before augmentation using implants prevents scarring of the breast envelope and provides sufficient volume with a secure breast envelope.
Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Contracture* ; Implant Capsular Contracture ; Lipectomy ; Thigh ; Transplants*