No abstract available.
Fever* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Tongue*

No abstract available.
Laryngectomy* ; Rehabilitation* ; Voice*

No abstract available.
Esophageal Atresia* ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula*

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Cytokines* ; Humans*

Among the enzymes which are responsible for basement membrane breakdown, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) form a family of neutral proteases that are regulated at the levels of gene transcription, proenzyme activation by the cleavage of protein, and the inhibition of the active enzyme by tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP). Recent reports have demonstrated that the expression of these proteolytic enzymes are elevated in several solid tumors and that it can be associated with invasiveness and poor prognosis. We examined the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by immunohistochemistry in 160 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. And we compared these data with the established prognostic parameters - tumor size, nodal status, clinical stage, hormonal receptor status, microvessel density, and TGF-beta1 expression in order to evaluate how MMP and TIMP expression are associated with breast cancer progression and prognosis. Microvessel density in invasive breast carcinoma was significantly correlated with tumor size and recurrence (p<0.05). The immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta1 was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage (p<0.05). The microvessel density was significantly correlated with TGF-beta1 expression in more than 50% of tumor cells. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly correlated with nodal metastasis and absence of immunoreactivity for estrogen and progesterone receptors. The immunohistochemical expression of TIMP-1 was inversely correlated with clinical stage and microvessel density while that of TIMP-2 was inversely correlated with clinical stage (p<0.05). Small size of tumor, presence of progesterone receptor, highly differentiated histologic grade, and absence of immunoreactivity for MMP-9 were significantly associated with higher survival rate, but in multivariate analysis only tumor size and MMP-9 expression appeared to affect survival independently.
Basement Membrane ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Microvessels ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Non-swelling cornea was prepared according to the method of Payrau. 1) Rabbit cornea without epithelium was treated with the vapor of 0.04% formalin at 4 degrees C for 48 hours, and then dehydrated with silica gel at room temperature for 48 hours. 2) Dehydrated cornea was soaked in the neutral solution of 0.5% L-lysine HCI for one hour, and in the neutral solution of 0.5% L-arginin HCl for one hour successively. 3) Non-swelling cornea was preserved in the desiccator with silica gel or in 0.02% merthiolate solution. Authors compared the hydration ratio of the non-swelling cornea with untreated cornea. Authors employed the chromotropic acid method to measure the amount of formaldehyde in the non-s-welling cornea and compared with the cornea treated only with formalin showed that: 1) Non-swelling cornea became hydrated within 30 minutes and remained constant thereafter in 0.9% saline solution at room temperature, whereas formalin treated cornea hydrated enormously within 3 hours. 2) The amount of formaldehyde in the non-swelling cornea was on the average 0.129 micro M/mg dry weight, and 3) The amount of formaldehyde in the formalin treated cornea was on the average 0.325 micro M/mg dry weight.
Cornea* ; Epithelium ; Formaldehyde ; Lysine ; Silica Gel ; Sodium Chloride ; Thimerosal

Orbital venography was performed on four eyes which showed the unilateral exophthalmos and were suspected as orbital tumors. One eye was confirmed in the nature and location of tumor by the tophographic finding and tumor-staining figure of venography. One eye was confirmed in only the location of the tumor by surgery, which is consistent with the venographic picture. The other two eyes were not confirmed by surgery but we can speculate the some space occupying lesion by viewing the topogra phic findings of venography. Neither complication nor sequela was observed during or after the venographic procedures. We think orbital venography is preferably valuable for diagnosing the orbital lesion.
Exophthalmos ; Orbit* ; Phlebography*

A 38-year-old female patient presented dystrophic nail changes on her all finger and toe nails for 10 years. On examination, nails were uniformly affected with longitudinal ridging, loss of normal luster and brownish discoloration. This patient has not had any inflammatory skin diseases or systernic illness for the past 10 years. Biopsy examination from the dystrophic nail showed non-specific eczematous changes. The clinical and histologic features of this yatient was considered as the consistent findings with the ty enty-nail dystrophy, occured on the idiopathic base, coined by previous authors.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Numismatics ; Skin Diseases ; Toes

The effect of 1% atropine solution and 1% atropine ointment on healing of corneal epithelium in 20 rabbits was studied. Corneal epithelium was removed by #15 blade in central area of 7mm in diameter under topical anesthesia with 0.5% pontocaine. 1% atropine solution was applied three times daily to Rt. eyes, and 1% atropine ointment to Lt. eyes. Progress of epithelial healing was observed by fluorescent staining of the wound. At the end of 24 hours, fluorescent staining area was 46.90% in average for Rt. eyes, and 51.90% in average for Lt. eyes. At the end of 48 hours, it was 7.83% for Rt. eyes, and 11.0% for Lt. eyes. At the end of 72 hours, All of Rt. eyes did not stain, but 2 of 10 Lt. eyes were faintly stained. Difference between ophthalmic solution and ointment on the effect of corneal epithelial healing was not significant.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Epithelium, Corneal* ; Rabbits ; Tetracaine ; Wounds and Injuries*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the course and prognosis of secondary glaucoma due to silicone encircling surgery for retinal detachment. The experiment was performed by observing the changes of elevated intraocular pressure and electroretinogram produced by silicone encircling in 20 rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups according to the elevattd level of intraocular pressure which was obtaintd by tightening of #240 silicone bands around the equator of the eyeball. The intraocular pressure was measured with a Schiotz tonometer and electroretinogram was recorded with a set of preamplifier, (freqwoncy reSponse 0.3-240 Hz, gain 80 decibel). Tektronix 5A18N dual trace amplifier, 5B12N dual time base, and 5103N oscilloscope. From the experiments, fo1lowing findings were obtained. 1. The effect on intraocular pressure. a) The elevated intraocular pressure returned to the preoperative level within 5-15 minutes in 35-45 mmHg group, 3-4 hours in 55-65 mmHg group, 4-6 hours in 75-85 mmHg group, and 7-8 hours in 95-105 mmHg group. b) In all the groaps, rapid fall of the intraocular pressure was observed within 10 minutes and relatively slow decrease was followed. From the second postoperative day, the intraocular pressure was maintained at a lower level than the preoperative intraocular pressure. 2. The effect on electroretinogram. a) In 35-45 mmHg group, supernormal wave was recorded during the 3 postoperative hours and then the wave returned to the preoperative amplitude. b) In 55-65 mmHg group, the electroretionogram reduced immediately after operation to 70% of the preoperative amplitude in 'a' wave and to 60% of the preoperative amplitude in 'b' wave' The reduced amplitude recovered to the preoperative level on the postoperative 1-2 days. c) In 75-85 mmHg group, both 'a' and 'b' wave were abolished immediately after the operation. The 'a' wave started to recover when the intraocular pressure decreased to 57.6-67.2 mmHg and 'b' wave started to recover when the intraocular pressure decreased to 49.9-57.6 mmHg. d) In 95-105 mmHg group, both 'a' and 'b' wave were abolished immediately after the oreration. The 'a' wave started to recover when the intraocular pressure decreased to 49.9-66.2 mmHg and 'b' wave started to recover when the intraocular pressure decreased to 37.2-40.2 mmHg. Consequently, it was found that the intraocular pressure over 75 mmHg caused irreversible damage to the function of retina, though the increased intraocular pressure due to silicone encircling returned to the preoperative level within 8 hours, and the visual cell layer of retina was more resistant to the increased intraocular pressure than the inner nuclear layer of retina.
Glaucoma ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Prognosis ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Silicones*