No abstract available.
Neck Pain*

Many investigators have attempted to elucidate the basic pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis through clinical and laboratory investigations and have no longer attached to the etiological significance to IgE which is known to be a mediator of the so-called atopic diseases. In recent years, many authors have reported some abnormalities not onIy in the humoral but also in cellular immune status of patients with atopic dermatitis. although such findings are more or less controversial. (countinued..)
Dermatitis* ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Research Personnel

No abstract available.

The altered hemodynamics of arteriovenous fistul lead to overvascularization with trophic hypertrophy of a part or ulceration and tissue necrosis following local circulatory decompensation. A twenty years old female had been suffered from chronic ulcerative dermatitis on the dorsal aspect of left foot and multiple hemangioma on ber left great toe. The ligation of main communicating vessel and excision of fistula masses were performed in the surgical treatment. The ulceration on the dorsal aspect of left foot was healed completely and the size of hemangioma was reduced.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Dermatitis ; Female ; Fistula ; Foot ; Hemangioma ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ligation ; Necrosis ; Toes ; Ulcer

Emergency nursing intervention should be provided to patients under fatal status with much quickness and accuracy. To improve the quality of emergency medical service, triage nurse systems, being implemented in advanced hospitals which successfully provide effective emergency services, are considered in this thesis. A triage nurse is defined as a nurse who first and immediately meets the patient at the very entrance of emergency department, and performs proper intervention according to the extent of injury. Triage functions include interviewing patients, physical evaluation, classifying patients, assigning nurses/doctors, and beds, performing preliminarily required tests and remedies, re-evaluation of waiting patients, emotional supports, arranging future medical services, and education. In Korea, triage nurse systems have not yet been introduced, however, some prleminary types of triage systems are being practised. The purpose of this thesis was to review the triage functions implemented in Korean emergency department and then to suggest a model of triage nurse system for Korean emergency departments. For field study, 10 emergency departments in Seoul, which have more than 13 nurses, are selected, and a nurse who have more than 1 year experience in emergency department was interviewed from each workshift, i.e. day, evening, and night. Data collection taken 17 days from Apr. 8 to Apr. 30, 1996. In the field study, we reviewed the triage functions performed in Korean emergency departments. 40.9% of interviewed nurses show that the triage functions are performed by general nurses, 18.42% and 10.15% indicate that the functions were performed by charge nurses and assigned nurses, respectively. Thus, triage nurse systems where pre-assigned nurses consistently perform triage functions were not yet introduced in Korean emergency departments. However, 96.7% of the nurses answered that triage systems are needed in their emergency departments and 82.77% showed that triage functions would be performed at the entrance of emergency department. A triage nurse systems will unload stresses which both patients and supporters cope with, provide secure and comfortable medical environments, and reduce the waiting time. Finally, it may be improve the patients' and supporters' satisfaction. Therefore, this study provides basic data to enhance emergency medical services and leads to a future study to implement and extend specialized nursing systems in emergency departments.
Data Collection ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Seoul ; Triage*

The purposes of this study were: 1) to determine the normal range of CR-CO discrepancy in normal occlusion group: 2) to evaluate the changes of condylar position and craniofacial morphology between centric relation and centric occlusion before and after stabilization splint therapy in malocclusion group outside the normal range of CR-CO discrepancy. The normal occlusion group consisted of 80 subjects who had well-balanced faces and good occlusions with acceptable Class I molar relationship. They had not been treated orthodontic ally and had no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. 71 malocclusion patients enrolled for orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University comprised the malocclusion group, little variation of growth factor by the second molar eruption. They had CR-CO discrepancy beyond normal range and were subdivided into anterior-posteriorly -[25 Class I (0 or = 4), and 24 Class III (ANB < or = 0)]; vertically - [20 Normodivergentscy (30 or = 34), and 18 Hypodivergency (SNGoMe < or = 30)] ; and sexually - [26 Male and 45 Female]. For malocclusion group, stabilization splint with mutually protected type of occlusal scheme was applied for three months. Panadent articulators, Panadent condylar position indicator (CPl), and lateral headfilm were used to investigate the influence of stabilization splint on condylar position and craniofacial morphology. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The amounts of CR-CO discrepancy in normal occlusion were that the antero-posterior component (delta X) was 0.56 +/- 0.46mm (Male: 0.63 +/- 0.42rnm, Female: 0.49 +/- 0.50mm) ; the supero-inferior component (delta Y) was -0.75 +/- 0.48rnm (Male: -0.76 +/- 0.52rnm, Female: -0.73 +/- 0.43rnm) ; and the transverse component (delta Z) was -0.33 +/- 0.28mrn (Male: -0.38 +/- 0.29mm, Female: -0.31 +/- 0.27mm). 2. The condylar position was in normal range after stabilization splint therapy. 3. The mandible was always rotated infero-posteriorly after stabilization splint therapy. 4. Antero-posteriorly, Class III malocclusion responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy. 5. Vertically, Hyperdivergency responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy. 6. Sexually, Male responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy.
Centric Relation ; Dental Articulators ; Dentistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Molar ; Orthodontics ; Reference Values ; Splints* ; Temporomandibular Joint

The tibia is the most commoniy fractured of all the long bones of the body. Recently, the incidence of shaft fractured of tibia has risen as a result of rapid increase in automobile accidents, industrial accidents and other sports injuries. Fracture of the tibial shaft is extremely difficult to treat and a greater incidence of osteomyelitis, delayed union and nonunion of bone than in those of the full length of the tibia surface is throat, open fracture is more frequent in this bone than in any other major bones. Two hundred eighty patients (293 cases) of the fracture of tibial shaft were treated and managed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital from May, 1975 to December, 1977. The results were as follows: 1. The rate of fracture union was accelarated under the age of 20 years but it was slow in aged group. 2. A better prognosis (fracture union) was shown in proximal one third of the tibia than middle one third and lower one third of the tibia. 3. According to the classification of Ellis, the higher delayed and nonunion rate was shown in major severity group than moderate and minor severity group. 4. A better prognosis of the fracture type was shown in the spiral and oblique fracture than in the transverse, comminuted and segmental fractures. 5. Open fracture of the tibia united later than closed fracture, especially in positive culture sensitivity test. 6. There was a prolonged rate of union about 2 weeks in cases of associated fibula fracture. 7. The proper time of weight bearing of the shaft fracture of the tibia was helpful in fracture union. 8. A better prognosis was shown in the non-operative treatment than operative treatment, especially in PTB cast after long leg cast.
Accidents, Occupational ; Athletic Injuries ; Automobiles ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Pharynx ; Prognosis ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

We present our technique for reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using the quadrupled hamstring tendons with EndoButton(Acufex Microsurgical, Mansfield, MA). This paper describes the surgical technique of the procedures and reports the preliminary results in 10 patients with a more than 12 months follow-up. There were 8 males and 2 females ranging in age from 17 to 37 years (average 25 years). The average time from injury to operation was 3 weeks (range; 2 weeks to 4 weeks). Of ten patients, 6 were classified as an isolated tear, 2 were associated with lateral collateral ligament tears. A torn meniscus was present in 2 cases. We used one-incision technique. The results of these PCL reconstructions with a minimum follow-up of 12 months are as follows. Patients were evaluated preand postoperatively using the Lysholm, and Hospital for Special Surgery Knee ligament rating scales. Average knee ligament evaluation scores were Lysholm preoperative 48, postoperative 87.6; and Hospital for Special Surgery preoperatively 33.5, postoperative 88.8. We chose the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons with EndoButton fixation for PCL reconstruction for specific reasons: (1) No injury to the extensor mechanism and (2) Easy passage of the graft through the tibial tunnel. (3) The problem about the screw and patellar bone-tendon-bone can be resolved. (4) It preserves intact meniscofemoral ligament, some intact fibers of PCL bundle. (5) When rupture of the PCL is associated with ACL tear, each ligament should be reconstructed. In such a case, we preserve patellar tendon for reconstruction of the ACL, The technique presented here is not applicable to all individuals requiring PCL reconstruction but does provide significant advantages to those patients for whom it is utilized. Although the clinical results are very promising at this length of follow up, long-term study is required to evaluate our PCL reconstruction procedure more precisely.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Male ; Patellar Ligament ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Rupture ; Tendons ; Transplants* ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Bleomycin* ; Warts*

This report offers descriptive data about the drugs utilized in outpatient department (OPD) of Yeungnam University Hospital (YUH) in the period of March to August in 1985. The data in this report were produced by the computerized totalization of the number of mentions of individual drugs included in the prescriptions. The 100 drug entries that were most frequently recorded are listed in rank order. The listing is arbiturarily restricted to the drugs that were prescribed as single preparations, the drugs of basis of compound preparations and the drugs of adjuvant or corrective of compound preparations that have significant therapeutic effects either by generic names. And in addition, the listing also involves the compound preparations used in relatively large frequency, and the individual components of which have the unique pharmacological actions each other by proprietary names. And all routes of administrations were allowed. The 10 drugs most frequently named are diazepam, aluminum compounds, acetaminophen, isoniazid, metoclopramide, polaramine®, carboxymethylcystein, ephedrine, codeine and caroverine in order. The 521, 855 drug mentions listed as above are described by the chief therapeutic usage that each is intended to apply generally. The drugs which account the largest proportion of total mentions were those acting on the central nervous system (20.57%), including tranquillizers and sedative hypnotics (11.71%), analgesic antipyretics (5.55%), antidepressants (2.15%) etc. Gastrointestinal drugs and smooth muscle preparations (18.64%) included antacids and antiulcer drugs (9.24%), antiemetics (3.57%), spasmolytics (3.14%) and others. Respiratory drugs (16.11%) included expectorants and cough preparations (10.99%) and bronchodilators (5.12%). Chemotherapeutic agents (15.12%) included the antiTbc drugs (7.09%) most frequently, and the penicillins (3.33%) accounted the largest proportion among the antibiotics. Cardiovascular drugs (5.64%) included cardiac drugs and coronary vasodilator (4.12%) and antihypertensives and vasodilators (1.06%). And antiinflammatory drugs (4.33%), vitamins of single preparations (3.76%), hormones and their antagonists (3.29%), common cold preparations (3.12%), diuretics (2.81%), drugs supporting liver function (2.02%), drugs affecting autonomic nervous system (1.89%) including antiglaucomas, atropine and cerebral vasodilators, antihistamine drug (1.02%) and disinfectants (0.74%) were following in order. The data in the report were compared to those reported by H. Koch, et al. in United States (US), 1981 as “Drugs Most Frequently Used in Office Practice : National Ambulatory Medical Case Survey, 1981.” Cardiovascular drugs prescribed in YUH were much less in proportion than in US (10.56%), but gastrointestinal drugs accounted the larger proportion than in US (3.72%). Expectorants and preparations in YUH also accounted the larger proportion than in US (2.74%). In conclusion, in the period of March to August, 1985, OPD of YUH prescribed the CNS drugs including diazepam most frequently, and gastrointestinal, respiratory and chemotherapeutic drugs in next orders. It is supposed that the eating habits of Koreans and a unique atmospheric condition in Taegu as a basin were some important factors that affected the proportions of drugs acting on gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
Acetaminophen ; Aluminum Compounds ; Antacids ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Antiemetics ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Antipyretics ; Atropine ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Central Nervous System ; Codeine ; Common Cold ; Cough ; Daegu ; Diazepam ; Disinfectants ; Diuretics ; Eating ; Ephedrine ; Expectorants ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Isoniazid ; Liver ; Metoclopramide ; Muscle, Smooth ; Outpatients ; Parasympatholytics ; Penicillins ; Prescriptions ; Respiratory System ; Therapeutic Uses ; United States ; Vasodilator Agents ; Vitamins