No abstract available.
Arthritis, Juvenile*

Recently, there were many cases which was associated with bone defect in the limb and skin defect. We had performed vascularized osteocutaneous fibular transfer with microsurgical technique and experienced early bone union and simutsneous external wound healing. So we, authers, reviewed 12 cases of vascularized osteocutaneous fibular transfer which were performed to the extensive bone defect of the tibia and associated soft tissue injury. And the following remarkable results were obtained. 1. With the uncontrolled bone infection, the vascularized osteocutaneous fibular transfer was able to be performed and there was no non-union. 2. During the follow up period, the grafted fibula had been hypertrophied. 3. In the cases which the fibula were grafted to the defect after the segmental and partial excision of the tibia, in general, the partial weight bearing was able to be started from 3 months to 5 months after the operation, In the cases with segmental and complete excision of the tibia, the partial weight bearing was able to be started from 5 months to 7 month after the operation. 4. In adult, free fibula can be obtained and grafted as 20cm as long and the fibula was a good donor for extensive long bone defect as a compact bone; the skin flap with fibula can be obtained and grafted as 17 × 9cm as large in our experience. 5. In the vascularized osteocutaneous fibula transfer, the skin flap could be confirmed wheather the vascular anastomosis is patent or not as a monitor.
Adult ; Clinical Study ; Extremities ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Hydrops Fetalis*

We studied 600 normal lower extremities of Korean students of elementary school in order to establish normal values for the rotational profile and to define any differences between ethnic groups. Rotational profile examined at this study included medial and lateral rotation of the hip and thighfoot angle. The mean value of medial rotation of the hip was 48 degrees with a range of 35 to 64 degrees in male subjects, and 50 degrees with a range of 35 to 60 degrees in female subjects. The mean value of lateral rotation of the hip was 57 degrees with a range of 43 to 75 degrees, and 53 degrees with a range of 40 to 72 degrees in female subjects. Unlike medial rotation, lateral rotation of the hip was greater in male than in female subjects by a mean difference of 4 degrees(T-test, p<0.05). The mean value of thigh-foot angle was 10 degrees with a range of -2 to 23 degrees in male subjects, and 12 degrees with a range of 0 to 21 degrees in female subjects. The total range of hip rotation was slightly greater in Korean than in Caucasians or in Chinese, but, to conclude this, more large study by the same methods will be needed in other areas of Korea.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Reference Values

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Liver*

E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent epithelial adhesion molecule which plays a role in the initial step of invasion of cancer cells. The step that follows the migration of separated tumor cells is a proteolytic lysis of basement membrane and extracellular matrix by protease of epithelial and endothelial cells such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be an endothelial cell-specific powerful mitogen as well as a vascular permeability factor. This study is aimed to evaluate the correlation between expression of these factors and pathologic or clinical variables and the roles and prognostic significance of those factors in squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for E-cadherin, MMP-2, and VEGF in surgically resected specimens from 90 patients with squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Mean age of the patients was 59.7 years. Histologic type was categorized into 56 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 34 cases of adenocarcinoma. Mean survival period of the 35 patients was 54 months. The immunohistochemical stains for E-cadherin, MMP-2, and VEGF revealed positive reaction in 67 cases (74.4%), 43 cases (47.8%), and 34 cases (37.8%), respectively. The expression of E-cadherin was higher in adenocarcinoma (82.4%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (69.6%). MMP-2 was expressed in the tumor cells, especially those invading into the surrounding stroma. The expression of MMP-2 was significantly correlated with the survival rate (p<0.05). The expression of VEGF in the tumor cells was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF predict poor prognosis of patients with squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung and that VEGF may play a role in tumor metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Basement Membrane ; Cadherins* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Coloring Agents ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No abstract available.
Bacteria* ; Bivalvia*

In order to assess the physical growth pattern of Korean Youth, the authors measured the body height, chestgirth and sitting height of 40967 persons (24832 males and 16135 females) from primary schools, middle and high schools and colleges of metropolitan (urban) and rural areas, and calculated the mene, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient variance of the body weight chestgirth, sitting height and various pertinent index by body height to demonstrate the standard physical growth and development by body height of sex and age. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. Physical growth and development: Rapid growth of physical growth in terms of body height has been observed among males in the age 7-15 and among female 7-13. Growth in terms of body height turned out to be slower among students of higher age by both sexes. The age of cross over between to sexes is between 10 to 13 years where upon girls out grows boys. Maximum annual growth were upon girls out grows boys. Maximum annual growth were both of 6.16cm from 8 to 9 years old and 12 to 13 years old for boys and 7.2cm from 8 to 9 and 6.1cm from 9 to 10 for girls. This indicates that girls enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than boys. Meanwhile, prominent improvement in body height of national students over period of ten year was noticed. 2. The distribution status of body height by age: The distribution status of body height by age were as follows; 7 year of age: boys-30cm range of body height from 104.0cm to 133.9cm, girls-27cm from 104.0 to 130.9cm, 8 year of age: boys-30cm from 116.0 to 145.9cm, girls-33cm from 113.0 to 145.9cm, 9 year of age: boys-30cm from 116.0 to 145.9cm, girls-33cm from 113.0 to 145.9cm, 10 year of age: boys-39cm from 116.0 to 154.9cm, girls-39cm from 119.0 to 157.9cm, 11 year of age: boys-45cm from 119.0 to 163.9cm, girls-39cm from 122.0 to 160.9cm, 12 year of age: boys-45cm from 125.0 to 169.9cm, girls-42cm from 125.0 to 166.9cm, 13 year of age: boys-45cm from 128.0 to 172.9cm, girls-42cm from 128.0 to 169.9cm, 14 year of age: boys-48cm from 131.0 to 178.9cm, girls-36cm from 134.0 to 169.9cm, 15 year of age: boys-42cm from 137.0 to 181.9cm, girls-33cm from 137.0 to 169.9cm, 16 year of age: boys-39cm from 146.0 to 184.9cm, girls-30cm from 143.0 to 172.9cm, 17 year of age: boys-39cm from 146.0 to 184.9cm, girls-27cm from 143.0 to 169.9cm, 18 year of age: boys-36cm from 152.0 to 187.9cm, girls-27cm from 146.0 to 172.9cm, 19 year of age: boys-30cm from 155.0 to 184.9cm girls-24cm from 146.0 to 169.9cm, 20 year of age: boys-24cm from 158.0 to 181.9cm girls-18cm from 149.0 to 166.9cm, 3. Standard values of body weight, chest-girth and sitting height by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-a to 16-a. 4. Standard values of relative body weight, relative chestgirth and relative sitting height by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-b to 16-b. 5. Standard values of physical and nutritional indices (Rohrer index, Kaup index, Vervaeck index and Pelidisi index) by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-c to 16-c.
Adolescent* ; Body Height* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Growth and Development* ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Young Adult

Recent studies have shown that narcotic druga produce an unusually intense, prolonged and segmental analgesic action in man when injected into the spinal subarachnoid or epidural space (Wang et al, 1979; Behar et al, 1979; Cousins et al, 1979; Magora et al, 1980, Johnston and McCaughey, 1980). Since 1960, many investigatora claimed that low molecular weight(LMW) dextran increased the clinical duration of lidocaine(Loder, 1960; Loder, 1962), tetracaine(Chinn and Wirjoatmadja, 1967) and bupivacaine(Kaplan et al, 1975) in man but the mechanism of the action of dextran was unclear. But Curtiss and Scurlock(1979), and Buckley and Fink(1979) claimed that LMW dextran has no effect on the duration of action of bupivacaine in animal studies. The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of analgesia by the thoracic epidural injection of morphine and bupivacaine mixture for the relief of pain due to fractured or contused ribs, to evaluate the duration of analgesic effect by the use of the above mixture in a hypertonic solution(dextran 70 or 50% dextrose in water) and to observe the possibility of improvement in the lung function after the pain block. The complications following the pain block were also observed. The 50 single thoracic epidural injections of the mixture were divided into three groups: Group 1(n=15) served as a control group and drugs used for the relief of pain were as follows(Mean+/-S.D.): morphine(2.13+/-1.64 mg), 0.5% bupivacaine(3.10+/-1.04 ml) and 0.9% saline(3.64+/-1.11 ml). Group 2(n=16) served as an experimental group and drugs were as follows(Mean+/-S.D.): morphine(2.13+/-0.72 mg), 0.5% bupivacaine(3.06+/-0.77 ml) and dextran 70(3.75+/-1.29 ml). Croup 3(n=19) served as an experimental group and drugs were as followa(Mean+/-S.D.): morphine(2.42+/-0.51 mg), 0.5% bupivacaine(3.21+/-0.71 ml) and 50% dextrose in water(3.68+/-1.11 ml). The results are were follows: 1) The number of patients who obtained excellent and good analgesic effecta following the block were greater in the experimental Group 2(94%) and Group 3 (90%) than those of the control GrouP 1 (80%). 2) The duration of pain relief which lasted more than 3 days after the epidural block was longer in the experimental Group 2 (81%) and Group 3 (75%) than those of the control Group 1(67%). 3) The pulmonary reserve(FVC%+FEV1.0%) of 27 caaes who were treated by the pain block between 1 and 31 days following the chest injury was increased to about 13% than those before the block, and that of 13 cases between 32 and 82 days following the chest injury was decreased to about 4% than those before the block. 4) Of the complications following the pain block, there were 5 cases(10%) of nausea within 2 hours following the block, 4 cases(8%) of vomiting after 2 hours following the block, 10 cases(20%) of pruritus after 3-4 houra following the block, 17 cases(34%) of transient urinary retention which lasted 8 to 19 hours, 3 cases(6%) of headache within 2 hours following the block and 2 caaes(4%) of dural puncture. In conclusion, it is suggested that the clinical duration of analgesic effect produced by morphine and bupivacaine mixture can he prolonged by addition of the hypertonic solution to the mixture.
Analgesia* ; Animals ; Bupivacaine* ; Croup ; Dextrans ; Epidural Space ; Glucose ; Headache ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Lung ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Punctures ; Ribs ; Thoracic Injuries ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta