Biomechanically, the posterior cruciate ligament has been considered the basic stabilizer in the knee, So a torn cruciate ligament should be sutured as soon as possible, otherwise within a few weeks it will undergo resorption, making suture impossible. Currently available reconstructive procedures of the posterior cruciate ligament are often inadequate. We have performed 6 cases of the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using medial meniscus. The results were as follows; 1. Functionally all cases were improved and objectively 5 cases(83.3% ) among them were achieved stability of the knee rather than preoperative condition. 2. Reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using medial meniscus is technically simple and reliable and can therefore be recommended. But further investigation is necessary to answer question regarding the long term results.
Knee ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma*

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) are caused by the low rate of treatment response due to limitation in number of available drugs and high rates of adverse drug side-effects. This study analysed the risk factors for MDR-TB patients, who did not respond to treatment, with an aim to improve the rate of treatment response. METHODS: Retrospective study of 111 MDR-TB patients at National Mokpo Tuberculosis Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 was made. The patients were separated into tow groups ; group I comprised of patients who were treated successfully and group II comprised of those were not treated successfully. In order to analyze the risk facotrs for treatment faulure, differences between the two groups were compared and the confidence limit regarding the results were tested using an independent t-test, chi-square test and a Fisher's exact tets. RESULTS: The treatment failure rate of MDO-TB patients was 32% (36 patients), and treatment success rate 68%(75 patients). This study found no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, sex, family history, extent of the disease on the chest X-ray, the number of sensitive drugs in the treatment regimen, and the number of sensitive bactericidal drugs in the treatement regimen (p>0.05). However, a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of tretaments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used showed a significant difference(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The rate of treatment failure in MDR-TB was increased by a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of treatments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used. For improving the treatment response of MDR-TB, every effort should be made to reduce the drug resistance caused by failure of the first treatment.
Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thorax ; Treatment Failure* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The present study attempted to induce an acquired immunity against the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum. The experiments were carried out to demonstrate and confirm whether an acquired resistance could be developed by the repeated lowgrade infections with the infective larvae of A. caninum in the abnormal host of mouse. In order to determined the distribution of hookworm larvae in the lungs and liver of mice after inoculation of infective larvae, 54 mice were inoculated with 1,000 larvae and sacrificed in batches daily up to 9 days after infection. It was found that in all cases the average total number of larvae recovered from the lungs and liver increased at 48 hours after infection, then began to decrease and reached 0 to 1 at the 9th day after inoculation. One hundred fifteen mice were immunized 2 or 4 times at 7 day intervals with 50 infective larvae, followed by challenging infection with 1,000 infective larvae and killed in batches at 48 hours after challenge. The interval between challenge and last immunization were from one to four weeks for each group. Sixty mice as the controls were given only challenging infection without previous immunization infection. Induced resistance was evaluated by the rate of recovery or the average total number of the larvae recovered from the lungs and liver in the challenged mice, compared with the controls. It was noted that the rates of recovery in the controls were twice or nearly higher than those in the previously infected mice in all instances and these remained low for the first 7 day intervals between the last immunizing infection and challenge, then gradually increased. From the above observations it is highly suggested that an acquired resistance can be produced by repeated previous infections with the larvae of A. caninum, even in low grade, in the abnormal host of mouse, and evaluated by the rate of recovery of the larvae after challenge.
parasitology-helminth-nematode-Ancylostoma caninum ; immunology ; recovery rate

The present study was performed to evaluate clinical manifestations in 26 patients and histopathological findings in 19 patients with Behcets syndrome. 1. Clinical findings: A. Among the 26 patients, 9 were male and 17 were female (male to female ratio was 1: l.9). The age at onset of the disease varied from 10 to 62, with a mean of 26.9. B. The incidence of the major clinical manifestations: The oral ulcers were observed in all of the 26 patients, genital ulcers in 21 patients (81%), cutaneous manifestations in 25 patients (96%) and ocular lesions in 7 patients (27%). C. Saline intradermal test was positive in 62% and PPD intradermal test in 42% 2. Histopathological findings: Fourty-one specimens were taken frorn 19 patients with Behcets syndrome; Erythema nodosum like lesions (15), edematous papules (3), acneiform eruption (1), oral ulcers (4), genital ulcers (8), saline intradermal injection sites (5) and PPD intradermal test sites (5). As a control, 4 specirnens were taken from PPD test sites of the patients with erythem nodosum. The common histopathological findings were perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly composed of neutrophils and nuclear dusts, and vasculitis of varying degree. A. Cutaneous lesions; In erythema nodosum-like lesions main pathologic foci were in the deep dermis and/or the subcutis, and moderate to severe vasculitis were observed. In edematous papules, however, main foci were in the pa,pill- ary dermis and the upper dermis, papillary dermal edema was prorninent, and vasculitis was rather mild.
Acneiform Eruptions ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Dermis ; Dust ; Edema ; Erythema ; Erythema Nodosum ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intradermal ; Intradermal Tests ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Oral Ulcer ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis

The range of acetabular cup and femoral prosthesis according to the different angle of insertion has been reported by many investigators. But no reports are still avairable about the surface area of the exposed femoral head at the position causing unstability of the femoral head. So the authors had studied the 3 types of prosthesis of Charnley, Muller and Mckee-Farrar and their acetabular cup by inserting them at different angles into the 10 human cadavaric skeleton to obtain the most stable position of the prosthesis and to calculate the surface area of the femoral head at the stable position. The result obtained are as follows. 1. In. Flexion: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 78% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with 10 of the femoral anteversion, 45 of acetabular inclination and 45 of acetabular anteversion. The minimum stability is 41% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prothesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 15 of acetabular retroversion. 2. In Abduction: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 86.5% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with 10 of the femoral anteversion, 45 of acetabular inclination and 45 of acetabular anteversion. The minimum stability is 50% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Muller prosthesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 30 of acetabular retroversion. 3. In External Rotation: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 85. 8% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prostbesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 30 of acetabular retroversion. The minimum stability is 46% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with femoral neutral version, 30 of acetabular inclination and acetabular neutral version. 4. There was no relationship between the degree of range of the femoral prosthesis & acetabular cup and the amount of the surface area of the exposed femoral head when dislocated.
Acetabulum ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Research Personnel ; Skeleton

Most fractures of the proximal humerus are managed well to simple conservative treatment. But open reduction and interhal fixation of the fragment is definitely indicated in certain types of displaced fractures. Thirty eight cases of fractures of the proximal humerus which were treated at Inje Medical College from January 1980 to December 1985 were analyzed both clinically and radiologically accordingto Neer's classification and the following results were obtained. l. Among the 38 patients, the ratio of male and female was 2.2:1 and the highest incidence was in the fifth decades. 2. The main cause of fracture was traffic accident, 20 cases (52. 6%) and the the next one was falling from a height. 3. According to the classification of Neer, one part acture(52.6%) was the most common type. 4. The common associated injuries were fracture of the lower extremities and forearms. 5. Thirty two cases(84.2%) were treated by conservative treatment and six cases by operative treatment. 6. Thirty eight cases were followed form 6 months to 5 years and 6 months, average 14.3 months, and the results were analyzed according to Neers criteria and 26 cases (68. 6%) showed excellent results. 7. Two cases of limitation of shoulder motion were observed as a complication and one cases of paralysis of deltoid muscle by axillary nerve injury was observed. Excellent functional result could be obtained by a simple external support with early motion in a minimal displacement of proximal humeral fracture. Satisfactory functional result could be obtained by a open reduction and internal fixation with early motion in a severely displaced fracture. But long term immobilization of shoulder could have a poor functional result.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Deltoid Muscle ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Paralysis ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures

With the expending use of sublaminar segmental instrumentation, various complication, including paraplegia, paresis, dysesthesia and dural tears, have been reported. These findings suggest that the displacement of sublaminar wires toward the spinal eord during extraction followed by spinal cord damage. The cut surface of Luque sublaminar wire is sharp and has a barb and it may cause damage to the spinal cord. The cut end of Luque wire was inserted into the Intracath (a kind of angiocatheter) 16 gauge and pulled parallel to the lamina. And we found the Intracath followed by Lugue wire in the operating field. Lateral view of spine roentgenogram revealed that the radioopaque Intracath was passed under the lamina in 3 mm in depth. When the Luque wire is removed with inserting into the Intracath 16 gauge and pulled parallel to the lamina, the dura can be protected by the cut end of Luque wire.
Paraplegia ; Paresis ; Paresthesia ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Tears

Nitrofurazone is a well known sensitizer and is widely used particularly in surgical department for the treatment of secondary infection, but the reports of all ergic contact dermatitis to nitrofurazone are rare in Korean literature. We experienced a case of allergic eontact dermatitis to 0.2% nitrofurazone in 31-year-old female after dressing the grafted wound on the left index finger with the gauze embedded with 0.2% nitrofurazone olintmnt. The patch test results revealed a strong positve reaction to 0.2% nitrofurazone ointment after 48 hours.
Adult ; Bandages ; Coinfection ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Nitrofurazone* ; Patch Tests ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

We report a case of 21-year-old patient who has had dome-shaped nodules 1 cm in diameter on the right shoulder for one year. Histopathologic findings showed central dilated cystic hair follicles and many abortive hair follicles branching from the follicles and multiple immature follicles. Skin lesions were surgically excised.
Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Young Adult