No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M*

Saponin has been known to be a major antioxidant component in panax ginseng. Recent experimental study suggests that some antioxidant materials prevent Parkinson's disease caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in an animal model. The present study was performed to demonstrate the effect of ginseng saponins in the Parkinson's disease model induced by MPTP. To verify the effect of ginseng saponin on dopaminergic neurons in the mice brain, the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons were observed by immunohistochemical stain and immunoelectron microscopy (preembedding method). Also, in order to estimate the immunoreactivity of dopaminergic neuropils, they were quantified by image analysis. The number of TH-ir neurons of substantia nigra was significantly increased in the high-dose (0.46 mg/kg) ginseng saponin group compared with the MPTP injected group. The immunoreactivity of TH-ir neuropils in striatum was significantly increased in both high and low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) ginseng saponin groups compared with the MPTP injected group. In immunoelectron microscopic observation, TH-ir neurons of the control and both ginseng saponin injected group showed normal nuclei and well preserved cytoplasmic organelles. In the MPTP injected group, dying dopaminergic neurons showed destroyed nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. These results suggest that ginseng saponin has a protective effect on the Parkinson's disease model induced by MPTP.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Brain ; Cytoplasm ; Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Mice* ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Neuropil ; Organelles ; Panax* ; Parkinson Disease* ; Saponins* ; Substantia Nigra ; Tyrosine ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

Unilateral or bilateral non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arising primarily in the adrenal glands are extremely rare. These lymphomas are usually present with large, bilateral adrenal masses with or without lymphadenopathy, and may be accompanied by adrenal insufficiency in some cases. A review of the literature indicates that patients with primary lymphoma of the adrenal glands usually do not have disease elsewhere, and if present, it is frequently extranodal. We report here an unusual case of primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma with partial adrenal insufficiency.
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction/etiology* ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/radiography ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications* ; Case Report ; Human ; Lymphoma/radiography ; Lymphoma/pathology ; Lymphoma/complications* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Pseudoaneurysms of the cystic artery and cholecystoduodenal fistula formation are rare complications of cholecystitis and either may result from an inflammatory process in the abdomen. A 68-year-old man admitted with acute cholecystitis subsequently developed massive upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Abdominal computed tomography showed acute calculous cholecystitis and hemobilia secondary to bleeding from the cystic artery. Angiography suggested a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery. Upper GI endoscopy showed a deep active ulcer with an opening that was suspected to be that of a fistula at the duodenal bulb. The patient was managed successfully with multimodality treatment that included embolization followed by elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Presently, there is no clear consensus regarding the clinical management of this disease. We have been able to confirm various clinical features, diagnoses, and treatments of this disease through a literature review. A multidisciplinary approach through interagency/interdepartmental collaboration is necessary for better management of this disease.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Consensus ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Fistula ; Hemobilia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; Ulcer

Carcinoid tumors are rare endocrine neoplasms arising from the enterochromaffin or enterochromaffin-like cells. Gastric carcinoids associated with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and hypergastrinemia, are usually multiple and the prognosis are better compared to solotary lesions with out hypergastrinemia. Gastric carcinoids are commonly associated with other endocrine disorders or tumors, but any associations with autoimmune disorders other than autoimmune atrophic gastritis have rarely been reported. Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune exocrinopathy that primarily affects the salivary glands, but it can also involve almost any other part of the gut. The most common form of gastrointestinal involvement in Sjogren's syndrome is chronic atrophic gastritis, which can lead to hypergastrinemia and the subsequent development of carcinoid. However, gastric carcinoid tumor associated with Sjogren's syndrome has not yet been reported on. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case in the world. We report on this case along with review of the related literature.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Enterochromaffin-like Cells ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Prognosis ; Salivary Glands ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Thyrotropin*

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare and unique type of chronic pancreatitis. The prognosis of AIP, particularly when associated with pancreatic cancer or a related malignancy, is not known. Only a few cases, where metachronous pancreas-related cancer developed during follow-up, have been reported. Most of these patients either underwent surgery or steroid therapy. This paper reports a case of a 66-year-old woman with untreated type I AIP who developed peritoneal carcinomatosis more than 2 years later. Initially, the patient had a markedly elevated serum IgG4 level and a diffuse, infiltrative mass-like lesion in the pancreatic head, in which the biopsy results were consistent with type I AIP. The patient was not treated with steroids because of a cerebellar infarction. Twenty-eight months after the diagnosis of AIP, peritoneal carcinomatosis developed without noticeable changes in the pancreas from the initial findings.

Xanthogranulomatous gastritis (XGG) presenting as a subepithelial tumor (SET) is a very rare entity. We report a case of SET-like XGG diagnosed and treated with endoscopic resection. A 55-year-old female patient was initially referred with a 1.5-cm SET located at the anterior wall of the middle antrum. Endoscopic ultrasound examination revealed submucosal invasion without any perigastric lymph node enlargement. Endoscopic resection was performed for an accurate diagnosis and treatment, and the lesion was diagnosed histopathologically as XGG. At the 18-month follow-up after endoscopic resection, there was no evidence of XGG recurrence. SET-like XGG is very rare and the diagnosis is a preoperative challenge. However, inflammatory tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of SET
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Estrogens* ; Humans* ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Estrogen*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Approximately 80% of Korean adults are infected with Helicobacter pylori. Although H. pylori is associated with the chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma, only a small number of infected patients develop these conditions. Therefore, there may be more virulent disease-specific subtypes of H. pylori in patients with gastroduodenal disease. To investigate the disease- specific subtypes of cagA and vacA in Korea, evaluation was made on these subtypes of H. pylori. METHODS: Twenty two patients with chronic gastritis, 21 patients with duodenal ulcer, and 23 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were examined. All patients underwent endoscopic biopsy. H. pylori was cultured and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR- based cagA and vacA were subtyped and vacuolating cytotoxin was assayed using HeLa cells. RESULTS: The presence of cagA was observed in 95.5%, 100%, and 95.7%, the vacA s1a subtype was detected in 100%, 90.5%, and 95.7%, the vacA m1b subtype was detected in 95.5%, 90.5%, and 95.7% in chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The H. pylori with cagA and subtype s1a/m1b vacA gene was predominant regardless of the type of gastroduodenal disease. There were no difference in the cagA and vacA subtypes of H. pylori among the chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma in Korea.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Biopsy ; DNA ; Duodenal Ulcer* ; Gastritis* ; HeLa Cells ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Korea ; Peptic Ulcer