No abstract availalbe.

No abstract available.

Trachea is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium which usually expresses a complex mixture of stratified as well as simple epithelial-type cytokeratins. In the present work, the cytokeratin expressions was studied immunohistochemically in the tracheal epithelium and gland of human fetus at 14, 26 and 32 weeks of gestation. The primary antibodies used were CK7, 8, 10, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. In PAS-hematoxylin stain, the tracheal eithelium was composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar type and consisted of surface, intermediate and basal layers regardless of gestational ages. The PAS positive cells, however, were decreased in number in proportion to gestational ages. The tracheal gland was not fully differentiated at 14 weeks of gestation, and had well differentiated secretory portions consisting mucous and serous cells at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation. The mucous cells and luminal border of the duct were positive for PAS stain. The tracheal eithelium showed different immunoreactivity between cartilageous and membranous portions. In general, CK7 and 5D3 were expressed in surface cells, AE8 in intermediate cells, and MNFl16 and AE3 in the cells of all layers. At 14 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium immunoreacted for CK7, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The premordium of tracheal gland was positive for 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The tracheal epithelium at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation showed same staining properties to those at 14 weeks of gestation. The duct cells at 26 weeks of gestation were immunoreactive for CK7, 8, 14, 18, AE8, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3, and those at 32 weeks of gestation were immunoreactive for CK7, 14, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. The acinar cells at 26 and 32 weeks of gestation were positively stained for CK7, 8, 18, 5D3, MNFl16 and AE3. These results suggest that CK7 and 5D3 may serve as useful markers for mature cilated cells, AE8 (CKl3) for immature ciliated cells, and CKl4 for duct cells in tracheal epithelium and gland.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies ; Epithelium* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins* ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Trachea

The dysplastic hip presents problems to the orthopedic surgeon in the reconstruction of hip using total hip prosthesis. The use of bone grafts to reconstruct the lateral acetabular bone deficiency is very popular. We investigated in 23 patients(5 cemented cup and 18 cementless cup). Sixteen patients were women and seven were men, whose average age was 42.4 years old; their average followup was 4.6 years. The average Harris hip score improved from a preoperative value of 48 points to a postoperative value of 87 points. Five cases showed radiographic loosening, in which 3 cases loosening from five cemented cup and 2 cases from cementless cup arthroplasty. Radiolucent lines were observed more frequently with cemented cups at last follow-up. Of the 23 cases, 18(78%) was successful. Postoperatively limping was a major problem because most patients in this series had unilateal disease. The grafted bone was incoporated by an average time of 7.4 months, and minor resorption was showed at last follow-up. In our series, cementless cups with autogenous bone graft noted good results than cemented cup arthroplasty.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Prosthesis ; Hip* ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Cautery* ; Pneumothorax* ; Thoracoscopes*

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

No abstract available.
Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tendons* ; Transplants*

The cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease secreted in excess by breast cancer cells. The function of this enzyme is degradation of the extracellular matrix and proteoglycan. It is induced by estrogens in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines. On the basis of this, cathepsin D expression in breast cancer cells seems to be correlated with the prognosis. But there is debates in its prognostic significance. Relationship between cathepsin D expression and other prognostic factors of breast cancer was studied. We investigated 51 cases of invasive ductal cell carcinoma of breast removed by open biopsy or mastectomy. All cases were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. We used 46-KD intermediate form of the enzyme for cathepsin D expression on immunohistochemical stain. We observed no significant correlation with age, stage, histologic grade, lymphatic invasion, and estrogen receptor status. Cathepsin D may be an independent factor which is not related with other prognostic factors, especially estrogen receptor status.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms

The human trachea is normally lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium where ciliated, goblet, intermediate and basal cells are mainly represented. However the fetal tracheal epithelium was found to be composed of ciliated, non-ciliated and basal cells. The present study was designed to characterize the development of ciliated cells in the fetal trachea at mid (19 weeks) and last (32 weeks) trimester of gestation. At 19 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium, 35 µm in height, was composed of surface, intermediate and basal layers. The surface cells were subdivided into ciliated, immature ciliated, non-ciliated, granule containing and goblet cells. The ciliated cells covered approximately half of the luminal surface area. The immature ciliated cells contained basal bodies, but the apical membrane was not invested with cilia. The granule containing cells contained numerous dense granules, 0.3-0.7 µm in diameter, in the apical cytoplasm. The goblet cells contained less electron dense granules, 1-2 µm in diameter, in the apical cytoplasm. The cells in intermediate layer were relatively undifferentiated and contained poorly developed organelles. Submucosal gland were well differentiated and were composed of the mucous and serous cells. At 32 weeks of gestation, the tracheal epithelium, 50µm in height, was also composed of surface, intermediate and basal layer. The surface cells were composed of ciliated, non-ciliated and goblet cells. The ciliated cells, dominant type of surface cells, were subdivided into mitochondria-rich cells (type I) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum-rich cells (type II). The non-ciliated cell were of three subtypes : mitochondria-rich cells (type A), glycogen and microfilament-containing cells (type B) and cells with bulging apical surface into the lumen (type C). Small granule containing cell appeared in the basal layer. These cells contained clear vesicles, 50 ㎚m in diameter, and dense granules, 100-300 ㎚m in diameter. Submucosal gland were well developed and consisting of mucous, serous and myoepithelial cells. These results indicate that the cell populations of the tracheal epithelium at late stage of pregnancy have essential features similar to those of adult. and show that the different steps of ciliogenesis could be identified.
Adult ; Basal Bodies ; Cilia ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium* ; Fetus* ; Glycogen ; Goblet Cells ; Humans* ; Membranes ; Organelles ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Trachea