No abstract available.
Breast* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Retrospective Studies* ; Tracheal Stenosis*

BACKGROUND: Surgical intervention is known as the principle management for hemoptysis of significant amount But surgical procedure is applicable 13 only small number of patients because of increased mortality in emergency surgery and various functional and structural problems after lung resection. Bronchial artery embolization(BAE) has been used as an alternative interventional technique for immediate control of patients with increased risk for surgery due 19 recurrent or massive hemoptysis. BAE also has limitations such as recurrent bleeding after procedure and its role for the application to small amount of hemoptysis is still not established. METHOD: To evaluate immediate and long term effectiveness of BAE, we analysed 65 patients with hemoptysis according to therapeutic modalities they received ; BAE versus conservative management. RESULTS: The success rate for immediate control of hemoptysis was significantly higher in BAE group with 43 cases(100%) among 43 cases compared with 17 cases(77%) among 22 cases in conservative group (p<0.001). The disease control duration was 19.5α8.06 months in BAE group and 18.8α6.06 months in conservative group(p>0.05). The therapeutic response in BAE group was 82%(36/43 cases) and 95%(21/22 cases) in conservative group(p>0.05). According to the amount of hemoptysis, the therapeutic response were seen in 91%(29/32 cases) in less than 100ml and 85%(28/33 cases) in 100~400ml (p>0.05). According to the manifestation of hemoptysis, the therapeutic response in groups of recurrent and nonrecurent were 87%(20/23 cases) and 88%(37/42 cases)(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The difference of therapeutic response between BAE and conservative group in patients with small amounts of hemoptysis was not found except for immediate control of hemoptysis.
Bronchial Arteries* ; Emergencies ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung ; Mortality

BACKGROUND: The changes of the composition in the T-lymphocyte are important as an immunological abnormality in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Previously, the second type of TCR dimer(gamma delta T lymphocyte) that did not express CD4 or CD8 molecules was found. In other reports the presence of this type of lymphocytes was increased in the initial stage of tuberculous infections. METHOD: To determine whether there are some differences in the T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood or pleural effusion among the forty-nine patients were examined T-lymphocyte subset analysis(CD4+T-cell,CD8+ T-cell,gamma delta T-lymphocytes) with anti-Leu4, anti-Leu3a, anti-Leu2a, anti HLA-DR and anti-TCR-gammadelta-1(Becton & Dickinson Co.). RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 50 years old(17-81year). There were 33 males and 16 female patients. patiensts with tuberculosis are 30cases(tuberculous pleurisy 15), lung cancer 12cases(malignant effusion 9) and pneumonia 7cases(parapneumonic effusion 6cases) In T lymphocyte subsets of pleural effusion, helper T lymphocyte(54.6 + 13.8 %) of tuberculous pleurisy was higher than that(36.2 + 25.3 %) of non-tuberculous pleurisy(p= 0.04). The peripheral blood gammadelta T-lymphocytes in tuberculousis was insignificantly higher than non-tuberculous patients(p= 0.24). The peripheral blood gammadelta T-lymphocytes and pleural gammadelta T-lymphocytes in tuberculous pleurisy was insignificantly higher than in non-tuberculous pleurisy(p= 0.16, p= 0.12). CONCLUSION: The percentage of gammadelta T lymphocytes among the total T-lymphocytes is not significantly increased in the peripheral blood or pleural effusion of the pleural tuberculosis. gammadelta T lymphocytes is less useful as a diagnostic method of pleural tuberculosis.
Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleurisy ; Pneumonia ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pleural*

OBJECTIVE: Raynaud's phenomenon is a vascular disorder characterized by reversible spasm of arteries of fingers. It is the first symptom in 70% of partlents with systemic sclerosis. The more systemic involvment the worse prognosis is expected in patients with systemic sclerosis. A more reliable indication of systemic sclerosis is the microvascular involvement by the disease (characteristic patterns of capillary abnormality in the nail-fold). Our puroses were to evaluate the significance of the degree of nailfold capillary abnormlitry in making the diagnosis fo systemic sclerosis, and in determining organ involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with Raynaud's phenomenon whose diagnosis were systemic sclerosis(10 patients), SLE(10 patient), Raynaud's disease(6 patients) were observed for nailfold capillary abnormalities by widefield microscopy. RESULTS: Capillary abnormalities were seen in 100% of the systemic sclerosis (10 patients), 30% of the SLE (3 patients) and 50% of the Raynaud's disease (3 patients). A significant correlation between degree of finger lesions (r=0.718) or organ involvement (X2=20.4, p=0.015) and capillary abnormality class was found although a significant correlation was not found between the duration of the disease and the degree of capillary abnormality in patients with systemic sclerosis (r=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Nailfold capillary abnormality can easily be observed and could be used as an assistive tools for the diagnosis and prediction of prognosis and extent of organ involvement in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon especially in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Arteries ; Capillaries* ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Fingers ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Prognosis ; Raynaud Disease ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Spasm

No abstract available.
Mortality*

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency still remains the most common single nutrient deficiency disorder in the world, especially among young children and adolescent girls. As little is recently known about iron deficiency in infants and preschool children in Korea, this study is aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency in healthy population and to determine the proportion of children in whom iron deficiency goes undetected using the current screening technique. METHODS: We collected venous samples from 410 apparently healthy preschool children during March to June, 1997, as a part of a regular health check-up program. We measured hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), serum ferritin, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity(TIBC). RESULTS: A total of 410 infants and preschool children aged 1~6 years were included in this study. The prevalence of anemia was 7.9%(3/38) in infants and children aged 1~2 years, 6.3%(12/190) in 3~4 years and 1.6%(3/182) in 5~6 years. The prevalence of iron deficiency(ferritin <10 ng/mL or transferrin saturation <10%) was 31.6%(12/38) in 1~2 years, 23.7%(45/190) in 3~4 years and 14.3%(26/182) in 5~6 years. The prevalence of IDA was 5.3% (2/38) in 1~2 years, 1.1% (2/190) in 3~4 years and 0.5%(1/182) in 5~6 years. Microcytic anemia was found in only 2 cases, both of which is included in 1~2 years of age. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA was relatively high in 1~2 years of age, critical period for neurologic development. Nutritional education including iron fortification for mothers having caring babies especially of this age group should be warranted.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Education ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Prevalence* ; Transferrin

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limiting, small-vessel vasculitis with an unknown cause that affects children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Its important acute complication is coronary artery aneurysm. Myocardial infarction caused by thrombus formation inside the aneurysm or by organic obstructive lesion following the regression of aneurysm is the principal cause of death in KD. However, coronary artery aneurysms and stenosis requiring surgery are rare in KD. We report an our experience about anesthetic management of child undergone off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery because of coronary artery aneurysm associated with KD.
Anesthesia ; Aneurysm ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Infarction ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Myocardial Infarction ; Thrombosis ; Transplants ; Vasculitis

The tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis was reported to be 5 to 10% in the bronchoscopic examination. It was protruding mass that tuberculous mediastinal lymph node ruptured into the bronchial lumen. Generally histologic examination has been performed for purpose of differentiation, because the tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis simulate lung cancer in bronchoscopic finding. A case considering operation similar to bronchial adenoma in the bronchoscopic finding was confirmed to endobronchial tuberculosis by positive AFB and disapperance of mass after antituberculosis medication. Case history was presented and reviewed.
Adenoma* ; Bronchoscopy ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Tuberculosis*

Pericardial effusions can be developed by any form of pericarditis; infective pericarditis such as viral or bacterial infection and non-infective, inflammatory pericarditis related with generalized disease such as end-stage renal disease or connective tissue disease and irradiation, postpericardiectomy syndrome, drugs and non-inflammatory pericarditis by malignancy, hypothyroidism, trauma on chest. In children, pericardial effusions are usually related with viral infection, generalized disease or cardiac surgery. We experienced three unusual cases of pericadial effusion by Mycoplasma pneumonia infection, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection and post-thoracotomy effusive constrictive pericarditis.
Bacterial Infections ; Child ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericarditis ; Pericarditis, Constrictive ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Rickettsia Infections ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax