Premature rupture of membrane is the most frequent cause of low birth weight infant delivery which increase the maternal and fetal morbidity and perinatal mortality. A retrospective case-control study was performed on 315 mothers who delivered low birth weight infants(< or = 2.5kg) with premature rupture of membrane and as control group 546 mothers who delivered normal birth weight infants(2.9-3.7kg) without premature rupture of membrane were chosen. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. The proportion of low birth weight infants due to premature rupture of membrane among all low birth weight infant deliveries was 14.5%, and this is equivalent to 1.1% among all deliveries. 2. The most significant maternal risk factor of low birth weight infant deliveries with premature rupture of membrane was infections on vagina, cervix and uterus during pregnancy. Compared with control, adjusted odds ratio was 7.61(95% confidence interval(CI) 1.88-30.88, p=0.004). Other significant maternal risk factors were the history of induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, and the experience of premature delivery. The risk ratios were 1.82, 2.07, 4.42, respectively. 3. Breech presentation did increase the risk of low birth weight infant delivery with infant delivery with premature rupture of membrane against control(Adjusted odds ratio=2.66, 95% CI 1.35-5.26, p=0.005). 4. Mothers who had not taken antenatal care were having higher risk of low birth weight infant delivery with premature rupture of membrane against control(Adjusted odds ratio=1.73, 95% CI 1.35-5.26, p=0.004). These study results show that maternal factors such as the infection of genital organs during pregnancy, the history of induced abortion and breech presentation are significantly associated with the premature rupture of membrane in the low birth weight deliveries, and that most of these risk factors are controllable ones through proper antenatal cares.
Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Birth Weight ; Breech Presentation ; Case-Control Studies ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Membranes* ; Mothers ; Odds Ratio ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rupture* ; Uterus ; Vagina

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare embryonic malignant tumor of the liver. Most morphological studies on HB have limited to the histological characteristics and only 3 cases of HB have been described in the cytology literature. We present 2 cases of HB occurring in children aged 1 year and 3 years, respectively. The distinctive cytologic features of fine needle aspiration of HB were clusters of tumor cells showing acinar and trabecular pattern, smaller tumor cells with a high nuclear-cytopalsmic ratio and hyperchromatic nuclei having prominent nucleoli, and the presence of extramedullary hematopoiesis and osteoid material. These features were also found in the cell block and the biopsy specimen, and appeared very useful in the differentiation of HB from hepatocellular carcinoma.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Child* ; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ; Hepatoblastoma ; Humans ; Liver ; Nephrosis, Lipoid*

A case of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung, originated from the trachea, was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Although the cytologic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma have been well described, it is easy to confuse adenoid cystic carcinoma with more common primary small cell neoplasms of the lung, i.e., small cell carcinoma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma, and carcinoid tumor of the lung. The features distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from these neoplasms include 1) tight, globular, honeycomb pattern of cells, 2) acelluair basement membrane material in the lumen, and 3) cells lacking true nuclear molding and having bland chromatin pattern. The mcrphologic feature of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma in this case was so distinctive as to permit a definite diagnosis by aspiration cytology.
Adenocarcinoma ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Fungi ; Kidney* ; Lung ; Trachea

A case of congenital giant hydronephrosis with capacity of 3, 700cc associated with hypertension was reported. Nephrectomy was done by lumbar approach in lateral position. Removed kidney showed marked cystic dilatation and marked ureteropelvic junction stricture. Hypertension was disappeared 3 days after operation.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hypertension* ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy

Polycystic ovary disease is a heterogenous endocrinopathy with many interacting causal factors. One potential such factor is chronic hyperinsulinemia. multiple, independent lines of evidence suppart the contention that chronic hyperinsulinemia causes ovarian hyperandragenism. This evidence includes: (1) mutations in the insulin receptor gene that cause severe hyperinsulinemia appear to be associated with ovarian hyperandrogenism, (2) insulin stimulates ovarian thecal and sttomal androgen seaetion in vitro, and (3) in some experimental models, manipulation of circulating insulin concentrations results in changes in circulating androgens. Although the association between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism remains to be fully explained at the molecular level, chronic hyperinsulinemia appears to be an important cause of hyperandrogenism. We have experienced a case of HAIR AN syndrome showing hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans in infertile patient. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Acanthosis Nigricans ; Androgens ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Hair* ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyperinsulinism ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Models, Theoretical ; Ovary ; Receptor, Insulin

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*

Prenature ovarian failure is a condition causing amenarrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated genadotropins in women younger than 40 years. A karyotype should be performed as part of basic laboratory evaluation for all patients with premature ovarian failure and prodromal premature ovarian failure. Development of a malignancy in a dysgenetic gonad is of major concern. The presence of a fragment of the Y chromosome is thought to be a key to the oncogenic potential of these gonads. The search for the testicular determining factor(TDF) has engendered much confusion about which part of the Y chromosome plays a role in malignancy. This was initially postulated to be the H- Y antigen. More recent data, however, localize the area near the centromere of the Y Chromosome, on the long arm(Yq). Malignant potential is clearly not linked to the testicular determining factor itself(SRY). This is a critical point in clinical medicine. Feilure to display SRY or a closely related sequence does not rule out the presence of the segment of the Y chromosome postulated to be associated with the development of malignancies. We have experienced a case of premature ovarian failure with chtomosomal abnormality involving Y chromosome fragment. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Centromere ; Clinical Medicine ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis* ; Gonads* ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency* ; Y Chromosome

No abstract available.
Melanoma*

Clinical observation was done on the twenty-three ureterolithotomized cases of all the cases of ureteral stone which had been treated at the Department of Urology, Pusan Forces general Hospital During 3 years from 1969 through 1971. The results were as follows: 1. The twenty-three ureterolithotomized cases covered the results of the highest incidence in 2nd decade for age and were almost male for sex, and about one half at the lower one third ureter for location. 2. By urinalysis and on gram's stain, acid uria, proteinuria, pyuria, gram positive & negative cocci and bacilli were detected in about one half and hematuria in almost of the cases. 3. On preoperative I.V.P., non-visualizing kidneys were revealed on 2 cases. 4. On analysis of the chemical composition of stone, calcium oxalate stones were noted with the highest incidence. calcium oxalate phosphate stones and calcium phosphate stones the next and calcium carbonate stones had the least incidence. 5. For the most of all cases of 0.6 cm or bigger in stone size, ureterolithotomy was performed, 6. Postoperative complications were prolonged urinary infection in 5 cases, but wound infection end urinary leakage in 3 cases were disappeared within 2 weeks.
Busan ; Calcium ; Calcium Carbonate ; Calcium Oxalate ; Hematuria ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urology ; Wound Infection

A statistical survey was made on 572 in-patients during the period of January, 1967 to December 1971, in the Department of Urology, Pusan Forces General Hospital, in reference age distribution, diseases, organs and operative procedures. The tables (1~17) text represent the result of the statistical survey and are summarized as follows: The majority of cases (93. 2%) were distributed between the ages 20 and 29. Of 672 in-patients, there were each 117 cases (20. 5%) of genitourinary tuberculosis, 98 cases (17. 1%) of nonspecific epididymitis, 82 cases (14. 3%) of urinary calculi and 67 cases (11.7%) of genitourinary injuries. There were 305 operative procedures including 93 epididymectomy, 63 nephrectomy, 34 ureterolithotomy and 29 hydrocelectomy.
Age Distribution ; Busan ; Epididymitis ; Hospitals, General ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Calculi ; Urology