We describe an unusual presentation of Clonorchis sinensis infection with obstructive jaundice due to duodenal papillitis which was relieved dramatically by endoscopic sphincterotomy. A 26-yr-old male presented with complaints of fatigue, weight loss and painless jaundice. The history was significant for frequent ingestion of raw freshwater fish. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for evaluation of obstructive jaundice. The duodenal papilla was markedly edematous with a bulging configuration and hyperemic changes at the orifice. Cholangiography revealed mild bile duct dilatation and irregular wall changes with multiple indentations. However, there were no biliary stricture or stones noted as the cause of obstructive jaundice. We performed an endoscopic sphincterotomy for effective bile drainage through the duodenal papilla. After the sphincterotomy, the patient's jaundice was dramatically improved. Pathology of the duodenal papilla showed eosinophilic infiltration of the mucosa. Parasitic eggs, consistent with the diagnosis of C. sinensis, were found in the bile sample.
Adult ; *Ampulla of Vater ; Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Bile/parasitology ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis/*diagnosis/parasitology/pathology ; Clonorchiasis/*diagnosis ; Clonorchis sinensis/drug effects/isolation & purification ; Duodenum/pathology ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive/*diagnosis/etiology ; Male ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Development of biliary casts is very unusual, especially in patients who have not undergone liver transplantation. Variable causes of biliary cast formation in nonliver transplantation patients have been suggested. However, stasis of bile flow and/or gallbladder hypocontractility is known to eventually result in the promotion of biliary sludge and subsequent cast formation. Here we present one case of biliary cast syndrome, which developed in a nonliver transplant patient who had biliary sludge for a long period of time, providing evidence that long-standing biliary sludge may lead to cast formation.
Bile ; Biliary Tract ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Sewage ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome ; Transplants

Primary duodenal carcinoma is rare. Duodenal mucinous adenocarcinoma (DMA) is even rarer, and its associated manifestations and typical endoscopic or imaging findings are not well characterized. Herein, we report a case of primary DMA in an asymptomatic 58-year-old man who visited our hospital for a regular health screening. Upper endoscopy revealed an approximately 4-cm lesion in the second portion of the duodenum, but the mass was not visualized on computed tomography. Biopsies revealed a tubular adenoma that was subsequently resected. Frozen biopsies demonstrated DMA with a background of low-grade tubular adenoma for which we performed Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with DMA in Korea.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Adenoma ; Biopsy ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a newly developed explanation handout in the emergency department (ED) between patient and guardian. METHODS: From August 24, 2013 to September 24, 2013, interviews were conducted to patient accompanying guardian, discharged from Seoul Medical Center ED. Four groups were divided according to non-handout or handout in addition to patient or guardian. Each group consisted of 50 candidates and allocated according to a random table. The explanation handout could be easily applicable automatically through the Electronic Medical Record. It contains the results of laboratory tests along with cautions by diagnosis. After discharge explanation, a survey was conducted in each group using questionnaires for evaluation of the effect on medical service satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 97 candidates(49 patients, 48 guardians) in the non-handout group, and 99 candidates(50 patients, 49 guardians) in the handout group were enrolled. No statistical difference in epidemiology, except explanation time, was observed between the two groups. The handout group showed a higher score in all factors, however, explanation by physician (p<0.001), mean 3.61(+/-0.72) to 3.87(+/-0.73), understanding of medical status (p<0.001), mean 3.51(+/-0.75) to 4.11(+/-0.71), medical evaluation and treatment (p=0.001), mean 3.59(+/-0.72) to 3.92(+/-0.75), kindness of physician (p<0.001), mean 3.74(+/-0.81) to 4.09(+/-0.67), overall satisfaction (p<0.001), mean 3.60(+/-0.75) to 3.97(+/-0.75), willingness of revisit (p=0.023), mean 3.87(+/-0.73) to 4.09(+/-0.61), and willingness of recommendation (p<0.001), mean 3.66(+/-0.82) to 4.09(+/-0.66) showed statistically meaningful results. In a sub-analysis, statistically meaningful results were reanalyzed between patient and guardian. In the non-handout group, guardian showed higher scores in mean value in all factors, however, statistically meaningful results were observed for all factors, except understanding of medical status and medical evaluation and treatment. By application of the handout, 99 patients and 97 guardians showed higher scores in mean value in all factors. Patients showed statistically meaningful results in all factors but just in understanding of medical status in guardian. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that the explanation handout effectively increased medical service satisfaction. The effect of the explanation handout was more prominent in patients than guardians.
Diagnosis ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a newly developed explanation handout in the emergency department (ED) between patient and guardian. METHODS: From August 24, 2013 to September 24, 2013, interviews were conducted to patient accompanying guardian, discharged from Seoul Medical Center ED. Four groups were divided according to non-handout or handout in addition to patient or guardian. Each group consisted of 50 candidates and allocated according to a random table. The explanation handout could be easily applicable automatically through the Electronic Medical Record. It contains the results of laboratory tests along with cautions by diagnosis. After discharge explanation, a survey was conducted in each group using questionnaires for evaluation of the effect on medical service satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 97 candidates(49 patients, 48 guardians) in the non-handout group, and 99 candidates(50 patients, 49 guardians) in the handout group were enrolled. No statistical difference in epidemiology, except explanation time, was observed between the two groups. The handout group showed a higher score in all factors, however, explanation by physician (p<0.001), mean 3.61(+/-0.72) to 3.87(+/-0.73), understanding of medical status (p<0.001), mean 3.51(+/-0.75) to 4.11(+/-0.71), medical evaluation and treatment (p=0.001), mean 3.59(+/-0.72) to 3.92(+/-0.75), kindness of physician (p<0.001), mean 3.74(+/-0.81) to 4.09(+/-0.67), overall satisfaction (p<0.001), mean 3.60(+/-0.75) to 3.97(+/-0.75), willingness of revisit (p=0.023), mean 3.87(+/-0.73) to 4.09(+/-0.61), and willingness of recommendation (p<0.001), mean 3.66(+/-0.82) to 4.09(+/-0.66) showed statistically meaningful results. In a sub-analysis, statistically meaningful results were reanalyzed between patient and guardian. In the non-handout group, guardian showed higher scores in mean value in all factors, however, statistically meaningful results were observed for all factors, except understanding of medical status and medical evaluation and treatment. By application of the handout, 99 patients and 97 guardians showed higher scores in mean value in all factors. Patients showed statistically meaningful results in all factors but just in understanding of medical status in guardian. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that the explanation handout effectively increased medical service satisfaction. The effect of the explanation handout was more prominent in patients than guardians.
Diagnosis ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of box simulators for training novice endoscopists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An explanation of the goals, contents, and features of the simulator was given to study participants. The participants then received "hands-on training" in gastrointestinal endoscopy techniques using a box simulator. Subsequently, they were asked to answer 19 structured questions about the simulator. Ratings were scored on a scale from 1 to 5 for questions concerning their first impression of the simulator. Questions on the usefulness of the simulator and the training course were answered as "agree", "disagree", or "no opinion". RESULTS: A total of 32 participants filled out the questionnaire. The mean scores on the simulator's usefulness, features, and realistic movements before the training were between 1.5 and 2.0. There were no significant differences between the mean values of the scores given by novice users compared to non-novice users. However, after receiving training on the simulator, 90.6% of the participants considered the box simulator a generally useful tool for learning basic endoscopic techniques, and 90.6% agreed that the simulator was useful for improving hand-eye coordination. CONCLUSION: Box simulators may be useful for training novice endoscopists in basic gastrointestinal endoscopic techniques.
*Computer Simulation ; Endoscopy/*education ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/education ; Humans ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnosis of hyperplastic polyps (HPs) may involve a conglomeration of subgroups of serrated polyps. The diagnosis of HPs may therefore be revisited if this is sessile serrated adenoma (SSA). The aim of this study was to determine clinically and endoscopically relevant information associated with reclassification to SSA. METHODS: After reviewing the data from 1,372 patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy, 49 HPs larger than 10 mm were analyzed in this study. Two gastrointestinal pathologists reclassified each of the original 49 HPs as conventional HPs, SSAs, and others. RESULTS: Among the 49 initially diagnosed HPs, 18.4% were reclassified into SSAs or mixed polyps. Overall architectural features were useful for the diagnosis of SSA, but cytological features were less useful. The patient and polyp characteristics did not differ between HPs with and without reclassification of the initial pathological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of SSAs might not be accurately diagnosed in daily clinical practice without any predilection for size, shape, and location. Therefore, when large HPs are diagnosed in clinical practice, it is necessary for physicians to have greater awareness of the diagnosis of SSA and to individualize subsequent surveillance.
Adenoma ; Humans ; Polyps

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gallbladder polyps and colorectal adenomas share many common risk factors; however, their association has never been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in asymptomatic healthy subjects. METHODS: Consecutive asymptomatic subjects who underwent both screening colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography at Kyung Hee University Hospital in Gang Dong between July 2010 and April 2011 were prospectively enrolled. The prevalence of colorectal adenoma was compared between subjects with or without gallbladder polyps. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for colorectal adenoma in these subjects. RESULTS: Of the 581 participants, 55 presented with gallbladder polyps and 526 did not have gallbladder polyps. Participants with gallbladder polyps showed a trend toward a higher prevalence of colorectal adenoma than those without gallbladder polyps (52.7% vs. 39.2%, P=0.051). Although the result was not statistically significant, gallbladder polyps were found to be a possible risk factor for colorectal adenoma (odds ratio=1.796, 95% confidence interval=0.986-3.269, P=0.055), even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was no difference observed in colorectal adenoma characteristics between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a possible association between gallbladder polyps and colorectal adenomas. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to further investigate this matter.
Adenoma* ; Cohort Studies ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Gallbladder* ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Polyps* ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography

Lymphangioma is a benign vascular lesion with characteristics of subepithelial tumor which can proliferate in the lymphatic system. Lymphangioma of the small-bowel mesentery is rare, having been reported in less than 2% of all lymphangiomas. Lymphangioma does not require any specific treatment because it is absolutely a benign tumor. However, surgical exploration is rarely required for cases with disease-related symptoms or complications, or for those misdiagnosed as a malignant lesion. We recently experienced a case of mesenteric cavernous lymphangomas in a 53-year-old female who was misdiagnosed as having a liposarcoma. The final diagnosis was confirmed by a pathologic examination of the specimen that was obtained via laparoscopic exploration. Herein, we report a very rare case of mesenteric cavernous lymphangioma along with a brief review of relevant literature.
Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Laparoscopy ; Lymphangioma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Mesentery/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Vasculopathy is rarely reported in neurofibromatosis type 1, but when it occurs it primarily involves the aorta and its main branches. Among vasculopathies, aneurysmal dilatation is the most common form. Although several case reports concerning aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients have been reported, there are no reports describing gastroduodenal artery aneurysms associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We experienced a case of life-threatening duodenal ulcer bleeding from a ruptured gastroduodenal artery aneurysm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We treated our patient by transarterial embolization after initial endoscopic hemostasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of its type. High levels of suspicion and prompt diagnosis are required to select appropriate treatment options for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 experiencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Embolization of the involved arteries should be considered an essential treatment over endoscopic hemostasis alone to achieve complete hemostasis and to prevent rebleeding.
Adult ; Aneurysm/*diagnosis/etiology ; Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Gastroscopy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis ; Hepatic Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1/complications/*diagnosis ; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Radiography