The effects of unilateral hypoxic ventilation on pulmonary hemodynamics, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aDO2) and intrapulmonary shunt in 10 dogs were studied under unilateral hypoxic ventilation using nitrogen. Hear rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, blood gases and hemoglobin were measured during controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen and unilateral hypoxic ventilation. Using the above steps pulmonary hemodynamics, (A-a)DO2 and intrapulmonary shunt were calculated and the following results were obtained. 1) Mean pulmonry arterial pressure significantly increased (20%) from 20.6+/-2.60mmHg to 24.8+/-2.46mmHg(p<0.005) and pulmonary vascular resistance also significantly increased(43%) from 434+/-68.4 dynee. sec/cm(2) to 605+/-81.0 dynes. sec/cm(2)(p<0.005), whereas the cardiac output decreased (8%) from 1.92+/-0.23 l/min to 1.76+/-0.21 l/min(p<0.05) after unilateral hypoxic ventilation. 2) Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference significantly increased from 180+/-23.2mmHg to 470+/-31.9mmHg(p<0.005) after unilateral hypoxic ventilation. 3) Intrapulmonary shunt significantly increased from 9.5+/-1.40% to 24.8+/-2.02%(p<0.005) after unilateral hypoxic ventilation, but it was much lower than the mathematically expected value(40% over). The above findings suggest the operation of a protective mechanism, which causes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the unilateral hypoxic lung, and diverts blood flow from the hypoxic to the non-hypoxic lung and so minimizes the hypoxic effect on the arterial blood.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Central Venous Pressure ; Dogs* ; Gases ; Hemodynamics* ; Lung ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction ; Ventilation*

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin G* ; Pentetic Acid* ; Polymers*

It has been reported that pupillary paralysis is rare findings in typical Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS). We experienced a 56-year-old male with fulminant GBS who pupillary paralysis. He showed quadriplegia, total paresis of motor cranial nerves including bilateral ptosis and complete opthalmoplegia. Pupils were dilated up to 8mm and fixed. After a one year follow up, his pupil slowly constricted to light. The instillation of 0.1% pilocarpin caused both pupillary constriction. These results pointed to postganglionic involvement of pupillary parasympathetic nerves.
Constriction ; Cranial Nerves ; Follow-Up Studies ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paresis ; Pilocarpine ; Pupil ; Pupil Disorders* ; Quadriplegia

PURPOSE: We investigated the direct labeling method of antibody with 99mTc and 188Re and examined the stability and function of these labeled compounds in in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disulfide bond of nonspecific human IgG was reduced to -SH group by 2-mercaptoethanol. Stannous ion was used to reduce 99mTc and 188Re. The stability of 99mTc-IgG and 188Re-IgG was estimated upto 24 hrs. Biodistribution was evaluated in abscess bearing rats at 4 and 24 hr post-injection of 99mTc or 188Re labeled IgG. RESULTS: The number of -SH group per reduced IgG molecule was 2.34. The labeling yield of 99mTc-IgG and 188Re-IgG were 90% and 95%, respectively. The stability of 99mTc-IgG at 1, 4, 6 and 24 hr was 91%, 83%, 78%, 7% and that of 188Re-IgG, high uptake was found on kidney, blood, stomach and abscess (9.42+/-0.68, 1.43+/-0.24, 0.86+/-0.18, 0.72+/-0.10 %ID/g, respectively). The uptakes at 24 hr were kidney, abscess, stomach, and blood in descending order. In case of 188Re-IgG, high uptake at 4 hr post injection appeared on kidney, blood, abscess and stomach (3.92+/-0.62, 1.32+/-0.08, 0.88+/-0.01, 0.26+/-0.06, respectively). The upatkes at 24 hr were kidney, abscess, blood abd stomach in descending order. The abscess to blood uptake ratio of 99mTc-IgG was 0.5 at 4 hr and 2.02 at 24 hr and that of 188Re-IgG was 0.67 and 1.29. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-IgG and 188Re-IgG and 188Re-IgG canbe labeled efficiently with direct labeling method. However, 99mTc-IgG and 188Re-IgG, labeled with direct method, was unstable. Further study in needed to enhance the stability of the antibody labeling.
Abscess ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Kidney ; Mercaptoethanol ; Rats ; Stomach

OBJECTIVE: In patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the risk factors for seizure and the effect of prophylactic anticonvulsants are not well known. This study aimed to determine the risk factor for seizures and the role for prophylactic anticonvulsants after spontaneous ICH. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2010, 263 consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH were retrospectively assessed with a mean follow-up of 19.5 months using medical records, updated clinical information and, when necessary, direct patient contact. The seizures were classified as early (within 1 week of ICH) or late (more than 1 week after ICH). The outcomes were measured with the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at both 2 weeks and discharge. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (8.4%; 9 patients with early seizures and 13 patients with late seizures) developed seizures after spontaneous ICH. Out of 263 patients, prophylactic anticonvulsants were administered in 216 patients. The prophylactic anticonvulsants were not associated with a reduced risk of early (p=0.094) or late seizures (p=0.326). Instead, the factors associated with early seizure were cortical involvement (p<0.001) and younger age (60 years or less) (p=0.046). The risk of late seizure was increased by cortical involvement (p<0.001) and communicating hydrocephalus (p=0.004). The prophylactic anticonvulsants were associated with a worse mRS at 2 weeks (p=0.024) and at last follow-up (p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Cortical involvement may be a factor for provoked seizures. Although the incidence of early seizures tended to decrease in patients prescribed prophylactic anticonvulsants, no statistical difference was found.
Anticonvulsants ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Animals ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Mice*

It was Observed required doses of morphine and pancuronium bromide or d-tubocurarine in 34 cases of open heart anesthesia which performed between October 1, 1974 and August 31, 1975 is SNUH with the induction of sleeping dosea of 2.5% thiopental and succinyIcholine for intubation, and maintenance of 50% of nitrous oxide and oxygen. It was obtained the results as followings: 1. The average required dose of morphine in open heart anesthesia was 0.34+/-0.25 mg/kg body weight (34 cases). 2. The average required dose of pancuronium bromide in open heart anesthesia was 0.212+/-0.091mg/kg body weight (28 cases). 3. The average required dose of d-tubocurarine in open heart anesthesia was 0.745+/-0.298 mg /kg body weight (8 cases); 4. The duration of open heart anesthesis and extracorporeal circulation were 396 minutes and 102.8 minutes respectively. 5. Discussion on the small dose of morphine in open heart anesthesia performed with literatures.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics* ; Body Weight ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Heart* ; Intubation ; Morphine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Pancuronium ; Thiopental ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Tubocurarine

No abstract available.
Humans ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin*

Salient features of acute respiratory failure are reduction of functional residual capacity, decreasedlung compliance and increased right to left shunt; and pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, atelectasis pulmonary edema and fibrosis are revealed clinically. PEEP is able to prevent alveolar collapse and avoid atelectatic change and increase functivnal residual capacity and lung compliance with increment of arterial oxygen content. Decreased cardiac output and pulmonary parenchymal damages were noted during high PEEP. Blood gases were observed with IL 213 Blood Gas Analyzer during 5cm H2O of PEEP and general anesthesia in 10 healthy persons. Following results were obtained: 1) 5 cm H2O of PEEP increased PaO2 from 221 torr to 275 torr and PaCO2 from 38. 8 torr to 42. 1 torr. 2) 5 cm H2O of PEEP increased PvO2 from 40 torr to 48 torr and PvCO2 from 44. 1 torr to 49. 3 torr. 3) 5 cm H2O of PEEP increased mean arterial pressure but had no effect on heart rate. 4) 5 cm H2O of PEEP increased C(a-v)DO2 from 5. 306 cc/100ml to 5. 433 cc/100ml. 5) It is noted that 5 cm H2O of PEEP is safe in healthy persons.
Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Compliance ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Functional Residual Capacity ; Gases* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lung Compliance ; Oxygen ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Changes of body temperature were observed in the esophagus and rectum by telethermometer during extracorporeal circulation in 40 cases of open heart for detection of significant differences in survivals and non-survivals. The following results were obtained; 1) Esophageal and rectal temperature(just prior to extracorporeal circulation) were 36.4+/-0.69 degrees C, 36.8+/-0.8 degrees C respectively in non-survivals and 36.0+/-0.73 degrees C, 36.4+/-0.8 degrees C in survivals after open heart surgery 2) Normal differences between rectal and esophageal temperature came to disappear after 30 minutes of extracorporeal circulation in two groups. 3) Esophageal temperatures were higher than rectal temperatures after extracorporeal circulation for open heart surgery in both groups. 4) Changes of temperature differences between rectum and esophagus have no correlation with mortality because of the variation in two areas in both groups.
Body Temperature* ; Clinical Study* ; Esophagus ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart* ; Mortality ; Rectum ; Thoracic Surgery*