Twenty-five consecutive patients who had contracture of the elbow were treated by arthroscopy. The techniques were removal of loose bodies, removal of osteohyte, anterior capsular release, abrasional arthroplasty and excision of the radial head. The type of arthroscopic procedure was determined by the cause of limiting motion which was intra-articular(intrinsic). The mean preoperative arc of total motion was 92°(21°-113°). Re-examination of the elbows after anaverage follow-up of 19 months showed tbat the mean arc of total motion was 116°(14°-130°). Twenty-three out of twenty-five patients (92%) who were followed up were satisfied with the results of the procedure and exhibited improved ability in carrying out daily activities. In conclusion, arthroscopy of the elbow is an effective diagnostic procedure and is also effective in treating certain intra-articular problems with minimal morbidity and rapid recovery to function.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroscopy ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release

Penile amputation is an unusual injury. There are several reports in the literature describing successful primary reanastomosis. We have an experience of a case of completely amputated penis that was reimplanted with the techniques of microvascular anastomosis of the dorsal arteries. The result was satisfactory for both urinary and sexual function. Herein we report this case with the review of the literatures.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Penis* ; Replantation*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular* ; Interleukin-2* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Line* ; Mice* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stem Cells*

A 9-year-old Korean boy with lissencephaly was found dead at home. He had previously been diagnosed with lissencephaly that presented with infantile spasm on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram results. Antemortem chromosomal banding revealed a normal karyotype. A legal autopsy was requested to eliminate the possibility of neglect or abuse by his parents. The autopsy findings revealed type I lissencephaly with the associated microcephaly. No external wounds or decubitus ulcers were noted. Postmortem fluorescence in situ hybridization for the LIS1 locus and nucleotide sequence analysis of the whole coding regions of the LIS1 gene did not reveal any deletions. The antemortem and postmortem findings revealed that lissencephaly syndrome was associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence. External causes of death were excluded by the full autopsy and toxicology test results. Because patients with mental retardation are frequently victimized and suffer neglect or abuse, thorough external and internal examinations should be conducted at the time of autopsy.
Autopsy ; Base Sequence ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Clinical Coding ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorescence ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcephaly ; Parents ; Pressure Ulcer ; Spasms, Infantile ; Toxicology

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound-guided injections are a common clinical treatment for lower lumbosacral pain that are usually performed before surgical treatment if conservative treatment fails. The aim of this article was to review ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine.SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Ultrasound-guided injections, unlike conventional interventions using computed tomography or C-arm fluoroscopy, can be performed under simultaneous observation of muscles, ligaments, vessels, and nerves. Additionally, they have no radiation exposure and do not require a large space for the installation of equipment, so they are increasingly selected as an alternative method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for and reviewed studies related to the use of ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine. RESULTS: In order to perform accurate ultrasound-guided injections, it is necessary to understand the patient's posture during the intervention, the relevant anatomy, and normal and abnormal ultrasonographic findings. Facet joint intra-articular injections, medial branch block, epidural block, selective nerve root block, and sacroiliac joint injections can be effectively performed under ultrasound guidance. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine are an efficient method for treating lumbosacral pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound-guided injections are a common clinical treatment for lower lumbosacral pain that are usually performed before surgical treatment if conservative treatment fails. The aim of this article was to review ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Ultrasound-guided injections, unlike conventional interventions using computed tomography or C-arm fluoroscopy, can be performed under simultaneous observation of muscles, ligaments, vessels, and nerves. Additionally, they have no radiation exposure and do not require a large space for the installation of equipment, so they are increasingly selected as an alternative method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for and reviewed studies related to the use of ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine. RESULTS: In order to perform accurate ultrasound-guided injections, it is necessary to understand the patient's posture during the intervention, the relevant anatomy, and normal and abnormal ultrasonographic findings. Facet joint intra-articular injections, medial branch block, epidural block, selective nerve root block, and sacroiliac joint injections can be effectively performed under ultrasound guidance. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine are an efficient method for treating lumbosacral pain.
Fluoroscopy ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Muscles ; Posture ; Radiation Exposure ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Spine ; Ultrasonography ; Zygapophyseal Joint

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Exons* ; Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

The effects of deliberate hypotension by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the cardiovascular system and dosage of SNP were studied in 10 patients undergone Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for the operative treatment of scoliosis, spinal stenosis or herniated intervertebral disc. Mean arterial pressure decreased significantly (p<0.05), but cardiac output, central venous pressure and sytemic vascular resistance showed no significant change, The correlations between average dose of SNP and age, body weight, and age to weight ratio were r= -0.4 (p>0.05), r= -0.2 (p>0.05), and r= - 0.25 (p>0.05) respectively. The amount of whole blood transfused during the operation was 5. 3+/-1 .7 units. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 11.3+/-1.3g/dl and 33.7+/-4.1% to 10.1+/-1.5g/dl and 30+/-4.1% during operation.
Anesthesia* ; Arterial Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiovascular System* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Halothane* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Intervertebral Disc ; Nitroprusside* ; Scoliosis ; Sodium* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Vascular Resistance

Bilateral ectopic testes, located in the perineum is a rare disease with no cases reported yet in Korea. We report a case of bilateral perineal ectopic testes in a 7-month-old infant who visited for evaluation of both non palpable testis in scrotum. External genitalia was male in appearance and cystic masses were palpated in both inguinal area. Serum testosterone level was lower than 0.01 ng/mL and suspicious hernial sac-like structures were seen in both inguinal area on pelvic ultrasonography. After 4 weeks of total 12,000IU hCG(human chorionic gonadotropin) therapy in pediatrics, serial follow up was done for 2 months and bilateral palpable masses were identified on deep perineal area, so bilateral orchiopexy was carried out.
Chorion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Male ; Orchiopexy* ; Pediatrics ; Perineum ; Rare Diseases ; Scrotum ; Testis* ; Testosterone ; Ultrasonography