No abstract available.
Animals ; Germinal Center* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mice*

A total of 127 cases of seborrheic keratosis examind at the Dept. of Pathology, Yonsei University School of Medicine during 1980~1986 was reviewed. The results were as follow; 1) Sex distribution showed without preponderance with male; Female ratio of 1.05:1. 2) Age distrubution were 10~19 years 0.8%, 20~29 years 4.7%, 30~39 years 14.2%, 40-49 years 25.2%, 50~59 years 29.1%, 60~69 years 17.3%, 70~79 years 6.3% and neck (3.7%). 3) The most common site was face (44.8%), followed by trunk (29.8), lower extremities (10.4%), scalp (6.7%) and neck (3.7%). 4) The clinical diagnoses were sebrorrheic keratosis (47%), nevus (15.4%), verruca (12%), malignant melanoma (7.7%), actinic keratosis (3.4%), pyogenic granuloma (2.6%), mass (2.6%), basal cell epithelioma (0.9%), corn (0.9%), leproy (0.9%), and angiokeratoma (0.9%). 5) The distributions of the light microscopic diagnosis were acanthotic 52 cases (42.9%), hyperkeratotic 33 cases (30%), irritated 17 cases (13.4%), adenoid 15 cases (11.8%), clonal 3 cases (2.4%), melanoacanthoma 1 case (0.8%) and mixed 6 cases (4.7%). 6) The lesions measured from 0.2 cm to 3 cm in maximum diameter and its color was light brown to black with sharply demarcated papule, pladque or nodule.
Female ; Male ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Ethyl crbmate(EC) has been identified at low microgram quantities in various fermented beverages, destiled products and tobacco smoke. EC has long been known as a carcinogen. Oxidation of the ethyl group of EC is followed by dehydration to yield the carcinogen vinyl carbamate (VC). This is further oxidized to vinyl carbamate epoxide(VCO). VC and VCO proved to be much more carcirogenic than EC. OBJECT: The objective of this study is to compare the potency of carcinogenic ability and histologic changes in skin tumors induced by EC, VC, or VCO. METHODS: In this exeriment, the tumor induction was performed by painting the mouse skin once a week for five weeks with EC, VC and VCO solution, and then 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TP2) was treated in the same manner twice a week for 35 weeks. We biopsied the skin at B 0, 15, 25, 30 and 35 weeks and stained the specimens with hematoxylineosin. RESULTS: The time period for the first appearance of papilloma was 6 weeks in the VC-TPA and VCO-TPA group, but, 15 weeks in the EC TPA group. The average number of papilloma showed a statistically sign.ficant difference after 15 weeks between the EC-TPA, VC-TPA and VCO-TPA group. The occurrence of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma was 16 and 21 weeks respectively. Histologic changes, such as epidermal layers, pseudohorncysts, degree of hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, dysplasia and dyskeratotic cells were more prominent in the papil loma than in the non-papilloma lesion. Dermal changes disclosed similiar findings, that is, increased dermal thicknes, proliferation of vessels and hair follicles, and fibrosis of the dermis. Squamous cell carcinomis and keratoacanthomas were produced only in the VCO-TPA group. CONCLUSION: From the above results it is concluded that VC and VCO have a more potent carcinogenic potential than EC. Various skin tumors, such as papilloma, keratoacanthoma or squamous cell carcinoma were prorduced by the above carcinogens.
Animals ; Beverages ; Carcinogens ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dehydration ; Dermis ; Fibrosis ; Hair Follicle ; Keratoacanthoma ; Loma ; Mice ; Paint ; Paintings ; Papilloma ; Skin* ; Smoke ; Tobacco ; Urethane*

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the cartilaginous structures throughout the body. Although there is no pathognomonic laboratory tests, clinical features, when coupled with histopathologic findings, enable one to make a diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. A 26-year-old man presented with purplish, swollen, and tender auricles and injected eyes. His symptoms had developed eight months ago and fluctuated irrespective of various medications such as corticosteroids and antibiotics. Histopathologic examination revealed loss of basophilic staining of the cartilage with some dissolution of its structures. Treatment was initiated with dapsone, However, the remission was too immediate to be considered as a effect of dapsone.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Basophils ; Cartilage ; Dapsone ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Polychondritis, Relapsing*

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system and produce sedative, antianxiety and muscle relaxing effects via GABA(A) receptor or GABA(B) receptor. Recently it is known that GABA is widely distributed throughout peripheral organs and may play a physiological role in certain organ. The vas deferens is innervated by species-difference. These study, therefore, was performed to investigate the mode and the mechanism of action of GABA on the norepinephrine-, ATP- and electric stimulation-induced contraction of vas deferens of rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The smooth muscle strips were isolated from the prostatic portion and were mounted in the isolated muscle bath. PSS in the bath was aerated with 95/5%-O₂/CO₂ at 33℃. Muscle tensions were measured by isometric tension transducer and were recorded by biological recording system. 1. GABA, muscimol, a GABA(A) agonist, and baclofen, a GABA(B) agonist inhibited the electric field stimulation (EFS, 0.2Hz, 1mSec, 80V, monophasic square wave)-induced contraction with a rank order of potency of GABA greater than baclofen greater than muscimol. 2. The inhibitory effect of GABA was antagonized by delta aminovaleric acid (DAVA), a GABA(B) antagonist, but not by bicuculline, a GABA(A) intagonist. 3. The inhibitory effect of baclofen was antagonized by DAVA, but the effect of muscimol was not antagonized by bicuculline. 4. Exogenous norepinephrine (NE) and ATP contracted muscle strip concentration dependently, but the effect of acetylcholine was negligible and GABA did not affect the NE-and ATP-induced contractions. 5. GABA, baclofen and muscimol did not affect basal tone, and GABA did not affect the NE-and ATP-induced contractions. 6. EFS-induced contraction was inclucling 2 distinctable components. The first phasic component was inhibited by beta gamma-methylene ATP (mATP), a desensitizing agent of APT receptor and the second tonic component was reduced by pretreatment of reserpine (3 mg/Kg, IP). 7. GABA inhibited the EFS-induced contraction of reserpinized strips, but not the mATP-treated strips. These results suggest that in the prostatic portion of the rat vas deferens, adrenergic and purinergic neurotransmissions are exist, and GABA inhibits the release of ATP via presynaptic GABA(B) receptor on the excitatory neurons.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Baclofen ; Baths ; Bicuculline ; Central Nervous System ; Dislocations ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Muscimol ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Reserpine ; Transducers ; Vas Deferens*

Since the rectangular rod had been used by Eduardo R. Luque in 1979, many authors reported good results by this technique in low back arthrodesis. The advantages of this device are that the technique is relatively easy, the cost is cheaper than the other devices, and no special instruments are needed for application of this device. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of possible neurologic damage while passing sublaminar wires. The rectangular rod functions fundamentally as a tension band that although it is strong in flexion, it is relatively weak in lateral bending or axial loading on the spine. From June, 1984 to June, 1988, the authors experienced 41 cases of rectangular rod instrumentation with sublaminar wiring in various low back conditions. And 30 cases of spondylolisthesis which could be followed for more than one year were analyzed. And the results obtained were as follows. l. Of 30 patients of spondylolisthesis, 7 cases(23.3%) were male and 23 cases(76.7%) were female. 2. 21 cases(70.0%) were isthmic type and 9 cases(30.0%) degenerative type. 3. 23 cases(76.7%) were in Grade I, 6 cases(20.0%) in Grade II and 1 cases(3.3%) in Grade III, according to Meyerding's classification. 4. At follow up examination, 18 cases(60.0%) were in excellent group, 8 cases(26.6%) in good, 2 cases(6.7%) in fair, according to Gill's criteria. Two cases(6.7%) of pseudoarthrosis were noted and these cases were classified in unsatisfactory group. 5. Rectangular rod with sublaminar wiring was not a good device for reduction of spondylolisthesis
Arthrodesis ; Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Pseudarthrosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis

BACKGROUND: Cancer invasion and metastasis require the dissolution of the extracellular matrix in which several proteolytic enzymes are Involved. One of these enzymes is the urokinase - type plasminogen activator(u-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitors(PAI-1, PAI-2) a]so have a possible role in cancer invasion and metastasis by protection of cancer itself from proteolysis by u-PA. It has been reported that the love]s of u-PA and plasminogen activator inhibitors in various cancer tissues are significantly higher than those in normal tissues and have significant correlations with tumor size and lymph node involvement Here, we measured the concentration of plasma u-PA and PAI- 1 antigens in the patients with lung cancer and compared the concentration of them with histologic types and staging parameters. METHODS: We measured the concentration of plasma u-PA and PAI-1 antigens using commercial ELISA kit in 37 lung cancer patients, 21 benign lung disease patients and 24 age-matched healthy controls, and we compared the concentration of them with histologic types and staging parameters in lung cancer patients. RESULTS: The concentration of u-PA was 1.0α0.3ng/mL in controls, 1.0α0.3ng/mL in benign lung disease patients and 0.9α0.3ng/mL in lung cancer patients. The concentration of PAI-1 was 14.2α6.7ng/mL in controls, 14.9α6.3ng/mL in benign lung disease patients, and 22.1 α9.8ng/mL in lung cancer patients. The concentration of PAI- 1 in lung cancer patients was higher than those of benign lung disease patients and controls. The concentration of u-PA was 0.7α0.4ng/mL in squamous cell carcinoma, 0.8α 0.3ng/mL in adenocarcinoma, 0.9ng/mL in large cell carcinoma, and 1.1α0.7ng/mL in small cell carcinoma. The concert traction of PAI-1 was 22.3α7.2ng/mL in squamous cell carcinoma, 22.6α9.9ng/mL in adenocarcinoma, 42ng/mL in large cell carcinoma, and 16.0α14.2ng/mL in small cell carcinoma. The concentration of u-PA was 0.74ng/mL in stage I, 1.2α0.6ng/mL in stage II, 0.7 α 0.4ng/mL in stage IIIA, 0.7α0.4ng/mL in stage IIIB, and 0.7α0.3ng/mL in stage IV. The concentration of PAI-1 was 21.8ng/mL in stage I, 22.7α8.7ng/mL in stage II, 18.4 α4.9ng/mL in stage IIIA, 25.3α9.0ng/mL in stage IIIB, and 21.5α10.8ng /mL in stage IV. When we divided T stage unto T1-3 and 74, the concentration of u-PA was 0.8α 0.4ng/mL in T1-3 and 0.7α0.4ng/mL in T4, and the concentration of PAI-1 was 17.9α 5.6ng/mL in T1-3 and 26.1α9.1ng/mL in T4. The concentration of PAI-1 in T4 was significantly higher than that in T1-3. The concentration of u-PA was 0.8α 0.4ng/mL in M0 and 0.7α0.3ng/mL in Ml, and the concentration of PAI-1 was 23.6α8.3ng/mL in M0 and 21.5α10.8ng/mL in M1 CONCLUSIONS: The plasma levels of PAI-1 in lung cancer were higher than benign lung disease and control, and the plasma levels of PAI-1 in 74 were significantly higher than T1-3. These findings suggest involvement of PAI-1 with local invasion of lung cancer, but it should be confirmed by the data on comparison with pathological staging and tissue level in lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Plasma* ; Plasminogen ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* ; Plasminogen Activators ; Plasminogen Inactivators ; Proteolysis ; Traction ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complication after heavy irradiation of bone and most particularly following treatment of cancers within the head and neck. The irradiated bone has the decreased vascularity and is easily infected. As a result, the spread of infection may cause a nonhealing wound that is very difficult to be treated. A comprehensive prophylactic dental care as well as proper blocking of the radiation field before radiotherapy must be considered to reduce the risk of osteoradionecrosis. We present three cases of osteoradionecrosis which developed after extraction of teeth in irradiated patients.
Dental Care ; Head ; Humans ; Jaw* ; Neck ; Osteoradionecrosis* ; Radiotherapy ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Residual pleural thickening is frequently seen following treatment for tuberculous pleurisy, and pleural decortication is performend occasionally in patients with severe residual pleural thickening. However, predictive factors for the development of residual pleural thickening are uncertain at the initial diagnosis of the tuberculous pleurisy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the associated factors for residual pleural thickening at initial diagnosis. METHODS: We separated 63 patients diagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy into two groups; group 1 consisted of patients without residual pleural thickening and group 2 comprised patients with residual pleural thickening at the end of tuberculous pleurisy treatment. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, radiological findings, pleural biopsy and characteristics of pleural fluid between group 1 and group 2. RESULTS: The study population and clinical symptoms of the two groups were not significantly different and the duration of symptoms before treatment and the peripheral WBC were similar between the two groups. The presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural fluid loculation or the amount of pleural effusion sid not differ significantly between the thwo groups. The incidence of positive AFB staining(group 1 : 8%, group 2 : 38%) and granuloma(group 1 : 30%, group 2 : 62%) on pleural biopsy specimens was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Pleural fluid WBC and differential count, adenosine deaminase level, pH, preotein level or glucose level did not differ between the two groups. However, group 2 had higher LDH levels (1370±208mg/dl) than group 1 (860±71mg/dl, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In tuberculous pleurisy, patients with residual pleural thickening following treatment demonstrated a higher incidence of posivive AFB staining and granuloma on the pleural biopsy specimens or higher LDH level in the pleural fluid than patients wihtout residual pleural thickening From these results, we speculate that the amonut of tuberculous bacilli and granuloma are probably correlated with residual pleural thickening in the tuberculous pleurisy.
Adenosine Deaminase ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Glucose ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleurisy* ; Sudden Infant Death ; Tuberculosis, Pleural ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma is a relatively frequent lymphoreticular malignancy, and has been reported to constitute up to 5.2% of all malignant tumors in Korean patients. Various morphologic classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been proposed, and among them, the Rappaport's classification has been most widely accepted. In 1982, a National Cancer Institute sponsored study on classification led to the creation of the Working Formulation in an attempt to resolve the controversy anddebate regarding the various classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia and polymorphic reticulosis are lymphoreticular proliferative disorders which have reported to transform to malignant lymphoma. The purpose of the present study is to reclassify non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the Working Formulation and to investigate the histopathological and immunocytochemical characteristics of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia and polymorphic reticulosis. This study reviewed 300 cases of nodal and extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 26 cases of polymorphic reticulosis, and 7 cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia examined in the Departments of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Youngdong Severance Hospital and Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from January 1977 to December 1986. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, each case was classified according to the Working Formulation and the Rappaport classification. All angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia and polymorphic reticulosis cases were subjected to histopathological analysis and a review of the clinical records. Immunocytochemical studies were done using kappa and lambda chains for B-cell markers and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin for histiocytic marker. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Among 300 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the primarily involved tumor sites were the lymph nodes (141 cases), the gastrointestinal tract (67 cases), and the tonsils (32 cases) in descending order of frequency. 2) Using the Working Formulation, intermediategrade lymphomas occurred in 66.4% of the patients, and the most common subtype was "diffuse, large cell" (32.7%). By the Rappaport classification, 3 patients had nodular lymphomas, and "diffuse, histiocytic" was the most common subtype. 3) Infarction was present in 32 cases in which the "diffuse, lagre cell" type was most frequently associated. 4) In immunoperoxidase stains of 7 cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia, proliferating immunoblasts revealed a polyclonal positivity for kappa and lambda chains. Atypical reticulocytes present in 26 cases of polymorphic reticulosis revealed a negativity for kappa, lambda and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin.