No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

BACKGROUND: Brief episode of coronary artery occlusion (i.e., ischemic preconditioning) makes the heart more resistant to injury from a subsequent ischemic insult. Although a great deal of effort has been made in studying ischemic preconditioning, the underlying mechanism of ischemic preconditioning and its effect on hypothermic insult has not been elucidated. This study was performed to see whether ischemic preconditioning protects against the depression of cardiac contractility induced by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. And recently, adenosine was known to have some correlation with the mechanism of preconditioning. If so, does this effect remain after the blockade of adenosine receptor by 8-phenyl theophylline? METHOD: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rat weighed 250-350g were used and divided into three groups. Rat hearts were removed rapidly, and each isolated heart paced with a rate of 180/min was perused by modified Krebs-Hensleit buffer(KHB) solution on a Langendorff apparatus far an hour. After obtaining baseline data including left ventricular pressure(LVP), dp/dt, and coronary flow, cardiac arrest was induced by perfusion of 0degrees C crystalloid cardioplegic(St Thomas) solution. After that, all hearts were stored in the same St Thomas solution at salute temperature far 2 hours. In group I (control group), the hear was reperfused by KHB solution. In group II(preconditioning group), the heart was subjected to two 2-minute episode of global ischemia followed by 5 minute reperfusion with KHB solution(preconditioning) before cardiac arrest. In group III(phenyl theophylline group), the heart was subjected to preconditioning procedure and 8-phenyl theophylline at 10muM in concentration was added to KHB solution at time of reperfusion. Observing parameter was obtained in each group at 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after starting reperfusion and compared statistically by use of one way ANOVA test(STASTICA, release 4.5). P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Although depressed LVP, dp/dt, and Coronary flow were seen in all groups during the reperfusion period, the preconditioned group showed more effective recovery of LVP than that of the control group, especially at 10, 20 and 40 minutes(p<.05). We failed to demonstrate the difference between the phenyl theophylline group and the control group(p=NS). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning has protective effect on recovery state of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. Its protective effect was limited during early reperfusion stage and was blocked by adenosine blocker.
Adenosine ; Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; Depression ; Heart Arrest ; Heart* ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Myocardium* ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; Reperfusion ; Theophylline

No abstract available.
Cloning, Molecular* ; DNA* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA* ; Urease*

Cardioprotective effect and the safety of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has been established in many large-scaled randomized controlled trials encompassing both primary and secondary prevention. Therefore, the market of statins is growing rapidly. In new millennium, several studies have shown the benefit from further reducing already low concentration of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in high-risk patients. However, these clinical trials have applied selection criteria to protect the internal validity at the expense of reducing the applicability of the trial's findings to the wider population of patients seen in routine clinical practice. Treatment guideline for Korean hypercholesterolemic patients followed that of American. However, the death rate by coronary artery diseases is much lower in Korean population than in American population. The efficacy of statins in preventing cardiovascular diseases and the pitfalls in recent randomized controlled trails will be reviewed and the personal opinion for the management of Korean hypercholesterolemic patients will be suggested.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Mortality ; Oxidoreductases ; Patient Selection ; Primary Prevention ; Secondary Prevention

An appreciation of the radiation changes in the brain adjacent to radiated glioma is of considerable importance from both clinical and pathological standpoint because the alteration in the brain parenchyma may result in a picture that mimics recurrence of the neoplasm. A 35 years old woman was admitted because of deterioration of consciousness which has started about 20 days ago. Past history revealed removal of left frontal brain tumor 4 years earlier and the diagnosis was grade II astroma. Postoperative radiation was done at that time. Sine then, she has been doing well. Computerized tomogram showed an ill defined huge low density mass at right frontal and left posterior parietal areas, which was irregularly enhanced in postcontrast study. Unlikely to the usual brain tumors, there was no mass effect on adjacent structures. Histologically acellular necrotic zone was alternating with hypercellular zone and most striking changes were vascular and glial reaction. Most of the vessels showed acellular hyliane thickening of their wall and some vessels were almost completely occluded. There was marked glial proliferation with considerable cellular and nuclear irregularities. Gemistocytic astrocytes were frequently seen and some were multinucleated.
Female ; Humans

An experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced by bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) and bovine galactocerebroside (GC) on male guinea pigs. Animals were divided into five experimental and one control groups. Among the five experimental groups, three were inoculated with 75 micrograms, 150 micrograms and 300 micrograms of MBP, respectively, to see the dose dependency of demyelination. The fourth group was inoculated with mixture of 75 micrograms of MBP and 180 micrograms of GC and the fifth group with 180 micrograms GC. All inocula was injected intradermally in emulsion state mixed with equal amount of complete Freund adjuvant. Control group was injected with adjuvant only. Clinical symptoms began to appear from 15th day after inoculation and animals were sacrificed on maximum neurologic deficit or 4 to 5 days after the onset of symptoms. Demyelination was observed in 6 out of 8 animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture, while only 3 out of 24 animals inoculated with various dosage of MBP showed demyelination. The difference was statistically significant. Serum antibodies to MBP and GC were measured by ELISA method. All of the eight animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture and two animals inoculated with GC had low titer of anti-GC antibodies, while all animals inoculated with MBP, MBP alone or MBP/GC mixture, had high titer of anti-MBP antibodies. Therefor it is concluded that the demyelination is augmented by GC and is not significantly dose-dependent on MBP.
Animals ; Autoantibodies/*immunology ; Central Nervous System/*immunology/pathology ; Cerebrosides/*immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*metabolism/pathology ; Galactosylceramides/*immunology ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology

An experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced by bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) and bovine galactocerebroside (GC) on male guinea pigs. Animals were divided into five experimental and one control groups. Among the five experimental groups, three were inoculated with 75 micrograms, 150 micrograms and 300 micrograms of MBP, respectively, to see the dose dependency of demyelination. The fourth group was inoculated with mixture of 75 micrograms of MBP and 180 micrograms of GC and the fifth group with 180 micrograms GC. All inocula was injected intradermally in emulsion state mixed with equal amount of complete Freund adjuvant. Control group was injected with adjuvant only. Clinical symptoms began to appear from 15th day after inoculation and animals were sacrificed on maximum neurologic deficit or 4 to 5 days after the onset of symptoms. Demyelination was observed in 6 out of 8 animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture, while only 3 out of 24 animals inoculated with various dosage of MBP showed demyelination. The difference was statistically significant. Serum antibodies to MBP and GC were measured by ELISA method. All of the eight animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture and two animals inoculated with GC had low titer of anti-GC antibodies, while all animals inoculated with MBP, MBP alone or MBP/GC mixture, had high titer of anti-MBP antibodies. Therefor it is concluded that the demyelination is augmented by GC and is not significantly dose-dependent on MBP.
Animals ; Autoantibodies/*immunology ; Central Nervous System/*immunology/pathology ; Cerebrosides/*immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*metabolism/pathology ; Galactosylceramides/*immunology ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology

BACKGROUND: In the course of the study of keratin expression in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus, several cells in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus were positively stained with CAM 5.2 antibody, which is known to be specific for the lower molecular weight cytokeratin and used as a marker of Merkel cell. OBJECTIVE: This study was intended to verify that CAM 5.2 positive cells found in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus are Merkel cells and to understand the meaning of CAM 5.2 positive j cells in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus. METHODS: The immunohistochemical stainings with CAM 5.2 and antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) performed on specimens of normal skin, epidermal nevus, nevus sebaceus and some appendage tumors. In order to confirm the nature of CAM 5.2 positive cells, the distribution of those were compared to that of Merkel cells and double labeling with CAM 5.2 and neurofilament was performed. RESULTS: CAM 5.2 positive cells were also found in trichilemmoma developed associated with nevus sebaceus and the epidermis of normal paimoplantar skin. CAM 5.2 positive cells were also stained with antibody to EMA on serial sections cut from the same tissue blocks. The association of CAM 5.2 positive cell and nerve fiber was also demonstrated. CONCLUSION: CAM 5.2 positive cells are seemed to be Merkel cells and their presence in the covering epidermis of nevus sebaceus suggests to the epidermis of nevus sebaceus may not be nevoid proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes.
Epidermis* ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratinocytes ; Keratins ; Merkel Cells ; Molecular Weight ; Mucin-1 ; Nerve Fibers ; Nevus* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: In the course of the study of keratin expression in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus, several cells in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus were positively stained with CAM 5.2 antibody, which is known to be specific for the lower molecular weight cytokeratin and used as a marker of Merkel cell. OBJECTIVE: This study was intended to verify that CAM 5.2 positive cells found in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus are Merkel cells and to understand the meaning of CAM 5.2 positive j cells in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus. METHODS: The immunohistochemical stainings with CAM 5.2 and antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) performed on specimens of normal skin, epidermal nevus, nevus sebaceus and some appendage tumors. In order to confirm the nature of CAM 5.2 positive cells, the distribution of those were compared to that of Merkel cells and double labeling with CAM 5.2 and neurofilament was performed. RESULTS: CAM 5.2 positive cells were also found in trichilemmoma developed associated with nevus sebaceus and the epidermis of normal paimoplantar skin. CAM 5.2 positive cells were also stained with antibody to EMA on serial sections cut from the same tissue blocks. The association of CAM 5.2 positive cell and nerve fiber was also demonstrated. CONCLUSION: CAM 5.2 positive cells are seemed to be Merkel cells and their presence in the covering epidermis of nevus sebaceus suggests to the epidermis of nevus sebaceus may not be nevoid proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes.
Epidermis* ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratinocytes ; Keratins ; Merkel Cells ; Molecular Weight ; Mucin-1 ; Nerve Fibers ; Nevus* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Colectomy* ; Humans ; Polyps*