A 25 year old female patient with hyperemesis gravidarum developed mental confusion, gait disturbance and diplopia. MRI of this patient showed high-signal lesions in thalamus, floor of the fourth ventricle, periaqueductal gray matter, mammillary body, and corpora quadrigemina, The high signal areas correlated well with the anatomical distribution of pathologic lesions in wernicke's encephalopathy previously described.
Adult ; Diplopia ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Gait ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mamillary Bodies ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Pregnancy ; Tectum Mesencephali ; Thalamus ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*

No abstract available.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Lung Abscess* ; Lung* ; Mucormycosis*

No abstract available.
Fistula* ; Stomach* ; Tuberculosis*

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed quantification of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) to investigate the relationship of mitochondria and pathogenesis of PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 28 patients with PCOS who were under the inclusion criteria for PCOS and from 28 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was used to analyze real-time PCR for mtDNA copy number quantification. The mtDNA copy number was compared between the control and PCOS groups. All data was expressed as mean +/- SD. Statistical analysis was assessed by t-test. RESULTS: In this study, the mtDNA CT was 11.67+/-0.422 in PCOS patients and 11.51+/-0.722 in control group, respectively. The mtDNA copy number was 1726410.71+/-407858.591 the patients of in PCOS and 2167887.51+/-252459.28 in control group (p=0.08), respectively. CONCLUSION: In our study, using real-time PCR, there was a tendency of lower mtDNA copy number in the patients of PCOS when comparing to the control group even though statistical difference was not significant. However, more extensive analysis is required to clarity relationship between mtDNA copy number and pathogenesis of PCOS.
DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Two distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Apodemus agrarius in 1976 and Rattus norvegicus in 1980 in Korea. Since our serosurveys conducted in 1994, a genetically distinct hantavirus from Apodemus peninsulae has been investigated. To isolate hantavirus from A. peninsulae captured in Korea, the lung homogenate of seropositive A. peninsulae inoculted Vero E6 cells. Viral antigen was detected in a progressively higher percentage of cells with subsequent passage after 80 days postinoculation. The new isolate from seropositive Apodemus peninsulae was designated Suchong virus after Suchong valley located in northeastern region of South Korea. Comparing with hantaan virus 76-118 strain, Suchong virus-1, 2, 3 and 4 showed the similarity of 71.0~91.8% at nucleotide and 90.9~94.8% at amino acid sequences in 231 nucleotides region of M segment, and the similarity of 75.1~81.0% at nucleotide and 97.5~100% at amino acid sequences in 237 nucleotides of S segment.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Hantaan virus ; Hantavirus* ; Korea ; Lung ; Murinae* ; Nucleotides ; Population Characteristics* ; Rats

Malignant lymphoma of salivary gland is rare and takes 2-5% of all neoplasm of salivary glands. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is known as a unique subtype of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since MALT lymphoma tends to be an indolent and localized disease, complete surgical resection is able to be performed as a single treatment. In this article, we present a case of MALT lymphoma in both parotid glands of the patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, who underwent both superficial parotidectomy
Autoimmune Diseases ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of reversing the coiling direction of nickeltitanium closed-coil springs (NiTi-CCSs) on the force-deflection characteristics. METHODS: The samples consisted of two commercially available conventional NiTi-CCS groups and two reverse-wound NiTi-CCS groups (Ormco-Conventional vs. Ormco-Reverse; GAC-Conventional vs. GAC-Reverse; n = 20 per group). The reverse-wound NiTi-CCSs were directly made from the corresponding conventional NiTi-CCSs by reversing the coiling direction. Tensile tests were performed for each group in a temperature-controlled acrylic chamber (37 ± 1℃). After measuring the force level, the range of the deactivation force plateau (DFP) and the amount of mechanical hysteresis (MH), statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The Ormco-Reverse group exhibited a significant shift of the DFP end point toward the origin point (2.3 to 0.6 mm), an increase in the force level (1.2 to 1.3 N) and amount of MH (1.0 to 1.5 N) compared to the Ormco-Conventional group (all p < 0.001), which indicated that force could be constantly maintained until the end of the deactivation curve. In contrast, the GAC-Reverse group exhibited a significant shift of the DFP-end point away from the origin point (0.2 to 3.3 mm), a decrease in the force level (1.1 to 0.9 N) and amount of MH (0.6 to 0.4 N) compared to the GAC-Conventional group (all p < 0.001), which may hinder the maintenance of force until the end of the deactivation curve. CONCLUSIONS The two commercially available NiTi-CCS groups exhibited different patterns of change in the force-deflection characteristics when the coiling direction was reversed.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a poorly understood disease that is characterized by burning pain of the tongue without any identifiable organic disease. The pathophysiology of the disease has not been elucidated, and some kind of neuropathies are suspected to be involved. In this study, topical antifungals were prescribed to patients and the authors tried to evaluate its efficacy to BMS.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 166 patients who had been diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome underwent topical antifungals treatment alone, and then follow-up at 2, 6, and 10 weeks of treatment. Effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by a 0-to-4 verbal rating scale. All enrolled patients had fungus culture in the oral cavity. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients responded to treatment, accounting for 62% of the patients. Of those, a total of 63 patients were positive for the fungal culture, which was about 38% of the patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the initial pain assessment and the pain assessment after 10 weeks in all patients. The rate of response to treatment was not significantly different when classified according to patients' characteristics and comorbidities. CONCLUSION The result of the study suggests that topical antifungals are useful for BMS and that it can be used in addition to the systemic medication without the burden of side effects. Additional well-designed studies should be followed to prove the effectiveness of topical antifungals and research on pathophysiology of the disease.

The authors are reporting 16 cases of ossification of the thoracic ligamentum flavum. Thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum cause myelopathy as a result of pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. The prominent symptoms were numbness of the foot or leg, motor weakness, sphincter disturbance and exaggerated tendon reflexes. The male to female ratio was 13:8 and the 5th decade was the most prevalent age group. The predominant regions involved were T9-T10 and T10-T11. Total larminectormy was performed in all patients and the prognosis was good in most cases. The thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum and neurologic disorders due to compression of the thoracic vertebrae by other diseases do not show much of a difference in terms of symptoms. In the past, due to the lack of knowledge of this disease, treatment was performed inapproapriately. However, at the present, with the improvement of CT and MRI and the increased recognition of this disease we believe that good prognosis can be made if appropriate treatment is delivered at the time of diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Ligamentum Flavum* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prognosis ; Reflex, Stretch ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Thoracic Vertebrae

No abstract available.
Chickenpox ; Herpesvirus 3, Human*