No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

17 cases of acute myocardial infarction with no or insignificant narrowing of major coronary arteries on angiogram and without any-other types of heart disease were found in a series of 133 consecutively studied patients with acute myocardial infarction(12,7%). There were no differences in risk factors between groups. Although the infarction site were similar in both groups, the patients with normal coronary arteries had fewer complications during hospitalization(p<0.05) and lesser ST segment change during the exercise test before discharge(p<0.05). In the hemodynamic fingings, cardiac index, left ventricualr and diastolic pressure and resional wall motion were similar in both groups of the patients, but ejection fraction was higher(p<0.05) in the patients with the normal coronary arteries. In conclusion, it could be predicted that the acute myocardial infarction with the normal coronary arteries would have the better prognosis. And a transient coronary occlusion, as the most likely pathogenic mechanism of the acute mtocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries, might be studied in the aspect of the thrombosis following lysis, the coronary artery spasm and the platelet aggregation.
Angiography* ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels ; Exercise Test ; Heart Diseases ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Platelet Aggregation ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Spasm ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Post-Herpetic Neuralgia(PHN) is the most common and serious complication of herpes zoster(H-Z). Especially in the elderly, intractable chronic pain is caused by PHN and it affects the quality of life severely. The study examined the predictive factors of PHN for its prevention and treatment. METHODS: 691 cases of patients with herpes zoster who visited department of dermatology were studied of Kwang Ju Christian Hospital during the five years from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1995 Retrospective chart review was used to compare occurrence of PHN according to age, sex, residential area of patients, inpatients or outpatients status, nerve dermatome, interval of treatment, methods of treatment associated conditions and duration of PHN. The authors compared the incidence of patients with PHN and patients with H-Z according to above variables. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square and t-test through SPSS/PC+ (P<0.05). RESULTS: The incidence of PHN was 22.9% (159/691) and increased with age. The incidence of patients under 60 years of age was 16.5%, more than 60 was 30.7% (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance concerning sex, residential area of patients, dermatome, method of treatment, associated conditions in the incidence of PHN compared to patients with H-Z. The significant difference In the incidence of PHN was shown between inpatients and outpatients status(20.5%, 27.3% respectively) (P<0.05). Anatomical site of PHN of the highest incidence was the opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve(27.1%), followed by cervical(26.0%), thoracic(24.4%) and sacral(22.2%) in order of sequence. Associated conditions or diseases of PHN were observed in 80 patients(24.7%) including hypertension(39.5%), tuberculosis(39.3%), malignancy (34.5%), COPD(33.3%), Chronic hepatitis(22.7%), DM(15.4%). The interval between the onset of H-Z and the initiation of treatment showed that significant difference in the incidence of PHN was on the fourth day with less than and more than 4 days showing 18.5% : 25.1% respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The important factors affecting the incidence of PHN were interval between the onset of H-Z and the initiation of treatment age and inpatients or outpatients status. The methods of treatment(acyclovir or steroid), sex, residential area of patients, associated conditions and nerve distribution were not significant factors.
Aged ; Chronic Pain ; Dermatology ; Gwangju ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Neuralgia* ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies

Patella infera (baja) is a rare condition that can result from several etiologies including trauma around the knee. Risk factors include scar tissue formation in the retropatella fat pad, extensor mechanism dysfunction, immobilization in extension position of the knee joint, etc. Unawareness and delayed recognition are known to be associated with long-term disability. In this condition, arthroscopic treatment is generally recommended only for early cases. In this report, we present a case with reasonable outcome of delayed patella infera treated by arthroscopic treatment. Prudent arthroscopic debridement of the responsible scar tissue and accelerated rehabilitation therapy is necessary for achievement of a successful outcome.
Adipose Tissue ; Cicatrix ; Debridement ; Immobilization ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Patella* ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: To analyze the long term follow up results of treatment with posterolateral approach and to investigate its usefulness in the patients of trimalleolar fracture with posterior fragment which is above 25% of articular involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 34 cases of trimalleolar fracture in our hospital from May 2004 to April 2008. We investigated 20 patients who underwent operation with the posterolateral approach and over-2 years follow up cases. The mean follow up period was 34 (24~58) months. Preoperative posterior malleolar fragment involved above 25% of articular surface in all cases and displaced more than 2 mm in 11 cases. We analyzed the radiologic type of posterior malleolar fragments and evaluated the function and pain through AOFAS score and complications. RESULTS: All cases showed primary union at mean 13.1 weeks. The complications are that partial ankylosis result of soft tissue contracture is seen in 2 cases (10%) and post-traumatic arthritis is seen in 1 cases (5%) and 17 cases (85%) of all patients are showed excellent AOFAS score. CONCLUSION: The posterolateral approach is a valuable method because that it enables us to easily reduction and internal fixation of the posterior malleolus and lateral malleolus at one time and the results are satisfied for a long time follow up.
Ankle Joint ; Ankylosis ; Arthritis ; Contracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

PURPOSE: To report the good results of two-stage treatment in pilon fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 23 patients among 30 patients with pilon fractures from March 2006 to November 2008, who underwent two-stage treatment of pilon fractures with a minimum of 24 months follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (24~41 months). In the first stage of the operation, open reduction of the articular surface and external fixation were performed after minimal incision. As the soft tissue healed, locking compression plate fixation was performed with the Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Radiographic evaluation was graded by the criteria of Burwell and Charnley, and functional assessment of the ankle was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. RESULTS: The fractures were united within 16 weeks (12~30 weeks). The radiologic results showed anatomical reduction in 18 cases and a mean AOFAS score of 81. The mean range of ankle motion was 44 degrees. There were four complications: 1 case of wound infection and 3 cases of ankle osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: Two-stage treatment of pilon fractures is a good treatment method because it is designed to obtain early anatomical reduction, definitive stable fixation, low rates of soft tissue complication, and good range of ankle motion.
Animals ; Ankle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia ; Wound Infection

Certain phenolic compounds are known to exhibit laxative properties. Seed sprouts, such as those of peanut, are known to promote de novo biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. This study was conducted to examine the potential laxative properties of 80% (v/v) ethanolic extract of peanut sprout (PSE), which contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds such as resveratrol. For this, SD rats were orally administered PSE while a control group was incubated with saline. Laxative effects were examined in both groups of rats. Constipation induced by loperamide in SD rats was improved by administration of PSE. Constipated rats showed increased intestinal movement of BaSO4 upon administration of PSE compared to the control, and the groups administered 100 or 1,000 mg PSE/kg bw were not significantly different in transit time of the indicator. However, colon length was not statistically different among the experimental groups, although it was longer in the group incubated with 1 g PSE/kg bw compared to other groups. Further, there was no significant difference in stool number among the experimental groups. Taken together, these findings show that PSE has a laxative effect in a rat model of loperamide-induced constipation.
Animals ; Colon ; Constipation ; Ethanol ; Loperamide ; Phenol ; Rats ; Seeds ; Stilbenes

Neuropathic pain is a complex state showing increased pain response with dysfunctional inhibitory neurotransmission. The TREK family, one of the two pore domain K+ (K2P) channel subgroups were focused among various mechanisms of neuropathic pain. These channels influence neuronal excitability and are thought to be related in mechano/thermosensation. However, only a little is known about the expression and role of TREK-1 and TREK-2, in neuropathic pain. It is performed to know whether TREK-1 and/or 2 are positively related in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of a mouse neuropathic pain model, the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Following this purpose, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses were performed using mouse DRG of CCI model and compared to the sham surgery group. Immunofluorescence staining of isolectin-B4 (IB4) and TREK were performed. Electrophysiological recordings of single channel currents were analyzed to obtain the information about the channel. Interactions with known TREK activators were tested to confirm the expression. While both TREK-1 and TREK-2 mRNA were significantly overexpressed in DRG of CCI mice, only TREK-1 showed significant increase (~9 fold) in western blot analysis. The TREK-1-like channel recorded in DRG neurons of the CCI mouse showed similar current-voltage relationship and conductance to TREK-1. It was easily activated by low pH solution (pH 6.3), negative pressure, and riluzole. Immunofluorescence images showed the expression of TREK-1 was stronger compared to TREK-2 on IB4 positive neurons. These results suggest that modulation of the TREK-1 channel may have beneficial analgesic effects in neuropathic pain patients.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Constriction* ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice* ; Neuralgia* ; Neurons ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Riluzole ; RNA, Messenger ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Synaptic Transmission

PURPOSE: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders characterized by morphological and functional abnormal hematopoiesis, resulting in cytopenias in the peripheral blood. MDS in children are very rare and their clinical characteristics, natural history, the most effective treatment and prognostic factors need to be elucidated. In addition, consensus for the classification of pediatric MDS has not been reached yet. This multicenter, retrospective study aimed to describe the characteristics and the disease courses of 75 MDS patients from 11 University Hospitals in Korea, seen between 1991 and 2001. METHODS: Kaplan-Meier probability of leukemic transformation and overall survival were plotted. And the usefulness of prognostic scoring systems, including French-American-British (FAB) classification, Bournemouth scoring system (BSS), and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) in the prediction of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and overall survival was evaluated. RESULTS: The median age was 65 months (2~175 months) and the sex ratio was 2.6: 1 (M: F). Fourteen patients (18.7%) were unable to be allocated into any subtype of FAB. The frequency of FAB subtypes in Korea was similar to that of Western countries except for higher proportion of refractory anemia (RA, 47.5%). Median survival was 54 months with Kaplan-Meier 5-yr survival probability of 31.9% and 2-yr probability of transformation to AML was 23.7%. None of the FAB, BSS, and IPSS was capable of discriminating subgroup of patients for the prediction of survival. However, all of the FAB (P=0.004), BSS (P=0.001), and IPSS (P=0.02) were able to subdivide subgroups for the prediction of transformation to AML. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of pediatric MDS in Korea were different from those of other countries, in light of the higher proportion of RA, the low percentage of inherited diseases, and the low percentage of cytogenetic abnormalities. However, the reasons of the differences were not clear. Moreover, none of the prognostic scoring systems, including IPSS, was reliably predictive of survival, reflecting differences from adult cases. With this multicenter study, we suggest the necessity of a prospective study for the classification and treatment. A newer, effective method should be developed for the prediction of disease progression and survival in pediatric MDS.
Adult ; Anemia, Refractory ; Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Classification ; Consensus ; Disease Progression ; Hematopoiesis ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Natural History ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Stem Cells