No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second*

A 54 year-old woman underwent resection of pheochromocytoma under general anesthesia. Following induction of anesthesia with intravenous thiopental sodium, succinylcholine iodide was administered intravenously and endotracheal intubation was performed. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and diethyl ether using a semi-closed carbon dioxide absorption circle system. The course of anesthesia was rather stormy, reflected by hypertension, arrhythmia and hypotension, but the patient tolerated anesthesia well.
Absorption ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Carbon Dioxide ; Ether ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Middle Aged ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental

Amyloidosis is a disease complex associated with deposition of insoluble filbrillar protein in various tissues of the body. Cutaneous lesions are present in up to 40 % of patients with primary and myeloma associated systemic amyloidosis. We present a case of systemic amyloidosis associated with multiple myleoma occuring in 54-year-old male who had waxy papules with petechiae on nasola bial fold, postauricular area, and cheek. The diagnosis was confirmed by Congo red stain, electron microscope, immunelectrophoresis, Bence-Jones proteinuria, immunoperoxidase stain, and bone marow biopsy.
Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Congo Red ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Proteinuria ; Purpura

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between injury severity and patterns of associated injury in spinal fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2004 to March 2010, a retrospective study was conducted on 291 patients who had undergone surgeries due to spinal fractures. Spinal fractures were categorized as upper cervical, lower cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar region, and the severity of fracture was measured using the Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Score (ISS). We evaluated the correlation between the fracture site and the incidence and injury severity of the associated injury, and compared the neurologic damage according to the presence/absence of the associated injury. RESULTS: Spinal fracture occurred in the thoracic (43.5%) and lower cervical (30.0%) levels, and associated injury developed in 134 patients (47%). The area of associated injury was in the extremity (41.2%), thorax (25.5%), head, neck, and face (21.9%). Lower cervical fracture (34.5%) had a lower prevalence than thoracic (81%) and lumbar fracture (61%). The average ISS of the associated injury was 17.14 for the thoracic fracture, 12.30 for the lower cervical fracture, 8.7 for the thoracolumbar fracture and 5.69 for the lumbar fracture. Neurologic damage was highly frequent in the lower cervical fracture and included 54 patients (62.1%) and was less frequent in the upper cervical fracture, which included 7 patients (17.9%) (p=0.032). CONCLUSION: Although the associated injury was less frequent in the lower cervical spine among the spinal fractures that underwent surgical treatment, there was a high risk of neurologic damage in the case of associated injury; therefore, there is a need to pay special attention to patients that suffer damage in this area. In addition, since the degree of the associated injury in the thoracic and lower cervical fracture is significant, an appropriate management strategy for the associated injury must be considered.
Abbreviated Injury Scale ; Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injury Severity Score ; Lumbosacral Region ; Multiple Trauma ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; Spine ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: To identify the fracture configuration and treatment results for patients with triplane and Tillaux fractures in the ankle joint. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 14 patients with a more than one year follow-up. This study investigated the fracture configuration, concomitant fibula fracture, treatment methods and complications. The treatment outcomes were analyzed using modified Weber protocol. RESULTS: Among the 14 cases, 11 were triplane fractures and 3 were Tillaux fractures. Seven were two part triplane fractures, and 4 were three part triplane fractures. Eight were lateral triplane fractures, and 3 were medial triplane fractures. A fibula fracture was accompanied by 7. The fibular fracture comprised of oblique fractures in all cases. A closed and open reduction was performed in 6 and 8 cases, respectively. All but one showed excellent treatment outcomes at the final follow-up. Traumatic arthritis developed in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: Precisely detecting the fracture configuration by computed tomography and understanding the injury mechanism have greatly improved the outcomes of triplane fractures and Tillaux fractures of the ankle in adolescent patients.
Adolescent ; Ankle Injuries/diagnosis/radiography/*surgery ; Arthroscopy ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures/diagnosis/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Tibial Fractures/diagnosis/radiography/*surgery ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

During the recent epidemic period (1995~1996), seven strains of rubella virus were isolated in Korea. To analyze phylogenetic relationship between seven Korean strains and rubella virus strains from other different geographical areas, structural genes (E1, E2 and C) of Korean strains were enzymatically amplified and automatically sequenced. The sequence similarities of the E1, E2 and C genes of the cosmopolitan types were 95.8~98.1%, 92.6~99.2% and 96.4~99.3% based on 1,441, 122 and 139 nucleotides and 96.9~98.5%, 90~100% and 97.8~100% based on 480, 40 and 46 amino acids compared to the sequences of strain RA27/3, respectively. In contrast, the sequence similarities of the E1, E2 and C genes of the Asian types were 91.5~92.1%, 83.6~88.5% and 91.4% based on nucleotides ad 96.9~97.7%, 85.5% and 97.8% based on amino acids compared to the sequences of strain RA27/3. respectively. However, immunodominent epitopes of the E1 gene of the cosmopolitan and Asian types were well conserved, and the growth patterns in cell culture and immunofluorescent antibody titers in cross-reaction test showed no differences between two different types. In phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of each gene regions, the comopolitan and Asian types formed tow distinct phylogenetic lineages. These data showed two distinct genotypes of rubella viruses cocirculated in Korea, but no significant differences in the antigenicity of two different rubella virus strains were found.
Amino Acids ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Base Sequence ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Epitopes ; Genotype ; Humans ; Korea ; Nucleotides ; Rubella virus* ; Rubella* ; Sequence Analysis*

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of the Codman Hakim programmable valve versus differential pressure valve in the treatment of patients with hydrocephalus. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 83 patients who were implanted the Codmam Hakim programmable valve and differential pressure valve between January 1996 and April 2001. We analyzed complications, the number of shunt revision, and prognosis between the two groups. We analyzed initial pressure setting, the cause of reprogramming, and the number of reprogramming in Codman Hakim programmable valve. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was apparent between the Codmam Hakim programmable valve group and a differential pressure valve group in complications, primary disease entities in shunt revision cases and prognosis(p>0.05). And statistically difference was not apparent in the number of shunt revision(p=0.07). The average pressure and range of initial pressure setting in the Codmam Hakim programmable valve was 97.1mmH2O and 50~150mmH2O, respectively. The number of cases of reprogragmming in the Codmam Hakim programmable valve was 12 in total, 1 time in 9 cases , 2 times in 2 cases, and 3 times in 1case. CONCLUSION: The Codmam Hakim programmable valve can decrease shunt revision caused by underdrainage and overdrainage complications. The optimal pressure settting is the key point to decreasing reprogramming and complications in the Codmam Hakim programmable valve and a differential pressure valve.
Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study compared the surgical treatment results between posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and posterolateral fusion (PLF) with pedicle screw fixation in degenerative lumbar spinal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 45 cases of PLF (group I) and 45 cases of PLIF (group II), lumbar lordosis, segmental lordosis, bone union and complications were considered to be an evaluation criterion. Kim's functional evaluation scale was used for the clinical results. RESULTS: The average lumbar lordosis in group I was 36.84+/-8.31 degrees preoperatively, 40.58+/-7.61 degrees postoperatively and 35.73+/-7.61 degrees at the last follow up. On the other hand, the respective changes in the average lumbar lordosis were 31.53+/-7.09 degrees, 39.11+/-7.21 degrees, and 35.47+/-7.76 degrees in group II. Definitive solid union was obtained in 41 cases in group I (91.1%) and 43 cases in group II (95.6%). The rate of complications was 24.4% (11 cases) in group I and 2.2% (6 cases) in group II, and a satisfactory functional outcome were obtained in 43 cases (95.6%) in group I and 41 cases (91.1%) in group II. CONCLUSION: Both PLF and PLIF on short segment fusion provided satisfactory bone union and clinical results. In segmental lordosis, there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, PLIF was more effective in preventing lumbar lordosis and complications than PLF. A longer term follow up will be needed to evaluate the adjacent segmental degeneration and maintenance of the sagittal balance.
Animals ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Lordosis