Non-epithelial tumor of the urinary tract is very rare. We experienced a case of large leiomyosarcoma arising from the posterior wall of the urinary bladder in 49 year-old male.
Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract

Penile amputation is an unusual injury. There are several reports in the literature describing successful primary reanastomosis. We have an experience of a case of completely amputated penis that was reimplanted with the techniques of microvascular anastomosis of the dorsal arteries. The result was satisfactory for both urinary and sexual function. Herein we report this case with the review of the literatures.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Penis* ; Replantation*

A clinical and statistical study was made on 34 cases of renal tuberculosis seen during the period from January, 1970 to August, 1972. The results are summarized as follows; l. The incidence of the renal tuberculosis is 1.2% of all urological patients. 2. Age and sex distribution show that 20 cases (58.8%) were male and I4 cases (4l.2%) were female, 14 cases (41. 2%) were in 30~39 years and 10 cases (29.4%) were in 20~29 years. 3. The initial symptoms were mostly those of vesical symptoms. frequency in 61.8%. hematuria in 32.4%, pain on urination in 23.5%. 4. 26.5% of the patients consulted within one year to five years after the onset of symptoms. 5. In 21 cases (6l.7%), had past history of tuberculous diseases or present other tuberculous 1esions, of which 52.4% had pulmonary tuberculosis, 23. 8% had tuberculous epididymitis. 6. 9 cases (25.5%) were affected in both sides, 14 cases were affected in right side and 11 cases were affected in left side. 7. The pyelogram showed that all kidneys were in far advanced. 8. Urinalysis revealed hematuria in 76.5%, pyuria in 73.5%, proteinuria in 67. 6% and tubercle bacilli were found by staining in 41. 2%. 9. Patients were treated with SM, INAH, and PAS. The patients who had an autonephrectomized kidney were treated by nephroureterectomy, in 2 cases of them sigmoidocystoplasty was performed.
Epididymitis ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Sex Distribution ; Statistics as Topic ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Urinalysis ; Urination

It has recently been reported that both norepinephrine and dopamine elicit antidiuresis when given intracerebroventricularly. But no inference has been made as to their mechanisms. As dopamine is the immediate precursor of norepinephrine in the biosynthesis of catecholamine, it might be possible that dopamine might act indirectly through increased level of norepinephrine in the brain tissue. To certify whether the dopamine-induced antidiuresis is related to norepinephrine, the influence of phentolamine, a specific alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, on the centrally induced antidiuresis of both norepinephrine and dopamine was investigated in this study. Norepinephrine and dopamine given intraventricularly elicited maximal antidiuresis in doses of 10ug and 500ug, respectively. Phentolamine, administered intravenously in dose of 2mg/kg, abolished the renal effect of norepinephrine given intraventricularly, but did not influence the antidiuresis induced by dopamine. It is suggested that both norepinephrine and dopamine produce antidiuresis when given intracerebroventricularly but their actions are mediated by different mechanisms, and that norepinephrine does not participate in the renal action of dopamine.
Brain ; Dopamine* ; Norepinephrine* ; Phentolamine*

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is currently receiving large attention from the mass spectrometric community, although its use is not yet well known in the clinic. As matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI)-IMS can show the biomolecular changes in cells as well as tissues, it can be an ideal tool for biomedical diagnostics as well as the molecular diagnosis of clinical specimens, especially aimed at the prompt detection of premalignant lesions much earlier before overt mass formation, or for obtaining histologic clues from endoscopic biopsy. Besides its use for pathologic diagnosis, MALDI-IMS is also a powerful tool for the detection and localization of drugs, proteins, and lipids in tissue. Measurement of parameters that define and control the implications, challenges, and opportunities associated with the application of IMS to biomedical tissue studies might be feasible through a deep understanding of mass spectrometry. In this focused review series, new insights into the molecular processes relevant to IMS as well as other field applications are introduced.
Biopsy ; Chemoprevention ; Diagnosis ; Mass Spectrometry* ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Biomarkers

Recent advances in optical molecular imaging allow identification of morphologic and biochemical changes in tissues associated with gastrointestinal (GI) premalignant lesions earlier and in real-time. This focused review series introduces high-resolution imaging modalities that are being evaluated preclinically and clinically for the detection of early GI cancers, especially Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although narrow band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and chromoendoscopy are currently applied for this purpose in the clinic, further adoptions of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, high-resolution microendoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and metabolomic imaging, as well as imaging mass spectrometry, will lead to detection at the earliest and will guide predictions of the clinical course in the near future in a manner that is beyond current advancements in optical imaging. In this review article, the readers will be introduced to sufficient information regarding this matter with which to enjoy this new era of high technology and to confront science in the field of molecular medical imaging.
Adenocarcinoma ; Barrett Esophagus* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolomics ; Molecular Imaging* ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Biomarkers

Molecular imaging in gastroenterology has become more feasible with recent advances in imaging technology, molecular genetics, and next-generation biochemistry, in addition to advances in endoscopic imaging techniques including magnified high-resolution endoscopy, narrow band imaging or autofluorescence imaging, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, and confocal laser endomicroscopy. These developments have the potential to serve as "red flag" techniques enabling the earlier and accurate detection of mucosal abnormalities (such as precancerous lesions) beyond biomarkers, virtual histology of detected lesions, and molecular targeted therapy-the strategy of "one stone to kill two or three birds"; however, more effort should be done to be "blue ocean" benefit. This review deals with the introduction of Raman spectroscopy endoscopy, imaging mass spectroscopy, and nanomolecule development for theranostics. Imaging of molecular pathological changes in cells/tissues/organs might open the "royal road" to either convincing diagnosis of diseases that otherwise would only be detected in the advanced stages or novel therapeutic methods targeted to personalized medicine.
Biochemistry ; Birds* ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Gastroenterology* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Imaging* ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Biomarkers ; Precision Medicine