1.Ethics in Medical Research.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2001;44(10):1058-1064
All medical researches concentrate primarily on advances of medical knowledge and strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, since most of the medical researches are being carried out on human subjects, they often pose ethical problems. Clinical investigations from which the human subjects involved may not derive any personal benefits include studies of physiological function in health or disease, investigations of new drugs, and the trial of new procedures. This paper discusses the ethical problems associated with medical researches, especially clinical investigations involving human subjects directly or indirectly. One general principle that has been wildly accepted is that patients or volunteers involved in the clinical investigations should be fully informed about the experiment in which they participate. However, ethical problems in those clinical investigations should be evaluated by the three major biomedical ethical principles, or the principle of autonomy, the principle of beneficence, and the principle of justice. This paper also presents the 'Helsinki Declaration' advocated by the World Medical Association in 1964 and revised thereafter several times as a practical guideline for the ethics of medical research.
Beneficence
;
Diagnosis
;
Ethics*
;
Helsinki Declaration
;
Humans
;
Social Justice
;
Volunteers
2.On Medical Student Enrollment and the Plan for the Development a Medical Education.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2000;43(10):940-941
No abstract available.
Education, Medical*
;
Humans
;
Students, Medical*
3.Background and the Future Direction of the Korean Medical School Accreditation System.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2000;43(8):755-760
No abstract available.
Accreditation*
;
Schools, Medical*
4.Alcohol and coronary heart disease.
Korean Journal of Epidemiology 1993;15(2):113-118
No abstract available.
Coronary Disease*
5.A case-control study on risk factors of five major cancers in adult Koreans.
Korean Journal of Epidemiology 1993;15(1):59-73
No abstract available.
Adult*
;
Case-Control Studies*
;
Humans
;
Risk Factors*
7.Educational and Learning Objectives of Schools of Public Health.
Korean Journal of Medical Education 2000;12(2):163-171
Schools of public health are graduate level higher educational institutions training students who will be engaging in educational, research and service activities in the field of public health after completing the educational programs. To meet this institutional goal, the schools of public health should provide diverse academic and professional courses and programs to the students based on their educational objectives. Educational objectives of schools of public health, of course, should well reflect the working definition of public health : public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts. There are 13 schools of public health in Korea an of 1999 including occupational and environmental schools. However, most of them were opened in 1980s and 90s, and therefore, do not have properly described educational and learning objectives. This paper proposes that Korean schools of public health should review their institutional goals and have clearly stated educational objectives. This also proposes development of standardized learning objectives of core subjects such as epidemiology, statistics, environmental health, health education and public health administration. Important units of these core subjects are also provided.
Environmental Health
;
Epidemiology
;
Health Education
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Learning*
;
Public Health Administration
;
Public Health*
8.A Comparative Study on Premenstrual Syndrome between Women Workers and Housewives.
Young Rae KIM ; Min NAM ; Kwang Ho MENG
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(3):487-495
No abstract available.
Female
;
Humans
;
Premenstrual Syndrome*
9.Analysis of Korean National Medical Licensing Examination Question Items of 1992~1993 on their Levels of Cognitive Domain, Types of Multiple Choice Questions and the Contents of Medical Knowledge Tested.
Kwang Ho MENG ; Bong Kyu KANG ; Se Hoon LEE
Korean Journal of Medical Education 1994;5(2):11-17
Multiple Choice Question(MCQ) method of examination has long been used as the national medical licensing examination in Korea. If properly used, the MCQ method of examination has considerable value fo r evaluation, and in fact, it has become popular due to its economy of scale, ease of marking and consistency. Moreover, with this method of examination, a large number of candidates can be tested at once and the marking can even be read by automatic readers. However, MCQ does not lend itself so well to problem-solving, which is a far more real-life situation than having to choose between a number of pre-formed alternatives. This, again, however, can be much improved by increasing the proportion of question items associated with interpretation and problem solving level of cognitive domain, and adopting various types of MCQ. This study was planned to examine the proportions of question items by their levels of cognitive domains and the types MCQ together with the contents of medical knowledge of the Korean National Medical Licensing Examinations (NMLE) conducted in 1992 and 1993. All 880 question items (440 question items in each year) were reviewed one by one by three medical education specialists and the levels of cognitive domains, types of MCQ and contents of questions were judged by test subjects. Major findings obtained from the study are as follows: 1) In both years of 1992 and 1993, recall level question items formed 68.0% of all MCQ question items of NMLE. Problem-solving level question items were only 77.% in 1992 and 11.1% in 1993. 2) Major types of MCQ were 'best answer type' one correct answer type'. They were 40.7% and 30.9% of all respectively in 1992, and 35.0% and 32.0% respectively in 1993. Some subjects such as urology and internal medicine were adopting more 'combined response type' MCQ than other subjects. 3) Knowledge contents asked in the NMLE varied very much from subject to subject. However, the names of diseases were the most prevalent answers asked and they were 21.6% in 1992 and 18.2% in 1993. This study suggests that the Korean NMLE should increase the proportion of question items measuring the interpretation and/or problem-solving level of knowledge, and adopt several different types of MCQ.
Education, Medical
;
Internal Medicine
;
Korea
;
Licensure*
;
Problem Solving
;
Specialization
;
Urology
10.Profile of the Billings Ovulation Method acceptors and use-effectiveness of the method in Korea.
Journal of Korean Medical Science 1989;4(1):29-34
Data from a survey of 200 Billings Ovulation Method acceptors in Korea were used to describe a profile of these natural family planning acceptors, and to calculate use effectiveness rates for twelve months of use among women using the method for avoiding an unplanned pregnancy. The majority of acceptors were women of proven fertility who wanted to limit their family size, and many of them (79%) had previously used a family planning method. Fifty-six percent were Catholics, and those study subjects were above middle income group by Korean annual household income estimates. The mean number of living children the NFP acceptors had was 2.3 +/- 1.4 and the number of children they desired to have was 2.4 +/- 1.4. The cumulative life table rate for unplanned pregnancies at the end of 12 months of use was 7 (+/- 2.5 S.E.) per 100 women, and women ever attending the learning sessions as couples experienced relatively less unplanned pregnancies compared to those women attending the sessions alone.
Adult
;
Family Planning Services/*methods
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Ovulation Detection/*methods