No abstract available.
Ethics* ; Humans ; Students, Medical*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Korean Society of Medical Education was organized in May, 1983 to help and encourage its members to do various medical education researches and share the study results through formal and informal society's academic activities. For several years, however, there has been no activity until the society was reorganized in March 1989. Since then, the society has already held two conferences together with seminars and one workshop and publishes journal once in every 6 months. To meet the need of members and their interests, the secretariat of the Society planned a questionnaire survey on society's future academic activities. A simple questionnaire containing questions of selected individual characteristics together with the number of academic meetings the members want to have every years, and the particular area of interests they have in relation to medical education. One hundred and twenty members out of 280 returned the questionnaires and the major results obtained from the analysis of those questionnaires are as follows. 1. Of all respondents, 116 were male and only 4 were female. Most of the respondents were in the age group of 40s and 50s (75.8%), and have been engaged in medical education for more than 10 years (70.9%). 2. 66.7% of the respondents wanted to have one conference per year whereas 33.3% wanted 2 conferences per year. This difference was not statistically different by selected personal characteristics such as sex, aged and years of teaching. 3. Five major areas of interests of the respondents were setting objectives of medical education (33.3%), student evaluation (30.8%), medical ethics education (30.0%), teacher evaluation (29.2%), and the national physicians licensure examination (28.3%). The areas of interests were slightly different among different age groups, years of teaching, and between those in basic medical science and in clinical science. One of the things this study suggests is that the society focuses more basic field of medical education such as setting goals of medical education and developing better methodology of student evaluation.
Congresses as Topic ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Licensure ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This paper discusses the problems of current national physicians licensure examination in Korea and summarizes the possible solutions that have been stated in several meetings on subject matter. This paper firstly reviews the historical background of the examination system, which has been experiencing many changes in examination subjects and the passing standards since the first examination was offered in 1952. This paper, then, summarizes the problems and deficiencies of the system that have been frequently presented in meetings having been held to improve the system. Quality of the question items such as validity, reliability, and objectivities together with examination management system have been major issues. This paper suggests that a standing coordinating committee be organized with members representing various related organizations such as Korean Medical Association, National Teacher Training Center, The Korean Society of Medical Education, The Deans' Associations of Korean Medical Schools, and The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs to study and solve the problems and improve the examination system.
Education, Medical ; Korea* ; Licensure* ; Schools, Medical

No abstract available.
Faculty, Medical* ; Humans ; Schools, Medical*

The written examination that is being used as the only tool to assess the learning ability of the students in Korea tests the degree to which each student has mastered the learning objectives. Idealy, the examination should test the students' in three major categories of objectives ; cognitive, motor-skills and affective area, and include various types of question items. In reality, however, the tests are very much simplified both in objective categories and types of question items simply because of the carelessness and conveniences of teachers. This study analyzes the pattern of objective categories, types of question items, and the number of question items of a mid-term examination of one medical school in Seoul. Fifty junior faculties from 50 departments and teaching units were asked to assess the question items of their own departmental examination after a guideline had been given by the authors. Major findings as obtained from the study are as follows ; 1. More than half (56.4%) of the test items were related to the cognitive area and only 10.8% of all the test items were related to motor-skills. Test items of pre-med courses were much more ideal than those of other medical and nursing courses in distribution of objective categories. Only 4.7% of the items of clinical medical courses were for evaluation of motor-skills. 2. In types of question items, 57.1% were essay type and the rest 43.9% were selection type. Test items of clinical medical courses were adopting the most ideal pattern in types of test items by having more than 4 different types of question items. 3. Average number of question items per teaching subject was 27.3 (range : 6-71). Some departments and teaching units were giving students too many test items in a given time period (50 minutes). In conclusion, written examination in a medical college varies in testing students' learning objectives, and types and number of test items by departments and teaching units. It is supported that before making test items, consideration on learning objective categories, types of question items and the number of question items in very much needed.
Humans ; Korea ; Learning* ; Nursing ; Schools, Medical ; Seoul*

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor originated from primitive mesenchymal cell. It occurs primarily in the paraarticular regions, such as knee joint, ankle joint. We experienced a case of intrapulmonary synovial sarcoma which was originated from the lung.
Ankle Joint ; Knee Joint ; Lung ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Synovial*

Low birth weight baby, defined as the baby born with less than or equal to 2,500g of body weight by WHO has been a concern in the field of maternal and child health since the low birth weight is a major cause of high perinatal mortality. Any measure to prevent the low birth weight baby is most desirable not only for saving the life of a baby but also for leveling up the health of the whole society. The authors attempted to figure out how some known maternal risk factors are related to the low birth weight and to measure their strength of associations in terms of relative risk using hospital birth records. For this study, hospital birth records of 66 low birth weight cases and sex-parity matched 198 normal controls were chosen from Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical Center, and the data were analyzed in regards to several maternal factors. The risk factors studied were mother's age, mother's ABO blood type, previous histories of abortion, low birth weight baby, fetal wastage, and maternal diseases represented by anemia, hypertension, proteinuria, and glucosuria. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mean body weight of the cases and controls were 1,955g and 3,251g, respectively, and the heights were 41cm for cases and 50cm for controls. Mean gestation periods of cases and controls were 34 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. 2. Young mother(less than or equal to 20 years of age) or old mother(more than or equal to 30 years of age) experienced more frequently the delivery of low birth weight babies than mothers in between 21 and 29 years of age. But the difference was not statistically significant. 3. Mothers whose blood type was O tended to have slighty higher frequency of low birth weight babies while B mothers have lower frequency. But the difference was not statistically significant too. 4. Those mothers who had experienced low birth weight baby in the past tended to give more births of low birth weight babies. This factor is even statistically significant and the relative risk of the prior experience of low birth weight was 6.7. 5. Mothers with experience of fetal losses and mothers of more than two pregnancies had higher frequency of low birth weight than the mothers with no fatal losses and of first pregnancy, but the difference was not statistically significant. 6. Statistically significant higher frequency of low birth weight were found in mothers with hypertension(odds ratio=4.07), anemia(odds ratio=22.33), and proteinuria(odds ratio=2.79). In summary, these study results strongly suggest that in order to prevent the low birth weight, special care should be made when the mother is too young or too old, and when the mother has experienced deliveries of low birth weight and fetal deaths. Medical control for the maternal diseases such as anemia and hypertension is also needed before or during the pregnancy.
Anemia ; Birth Certificates ; Body Weight ; Case-Control Studies* ; Child ; Child Health ; Fetal Death ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Proteinuria ; Risk Factors*

Tracheal stenosis is a difficult disease entity to manage. Laser ablation is one effective treatment for treacheal stenosis and can be utilized if tracheal reconstructive surgery is impossible. Potassium titanyl phosphate laser, transmitted via flexible quartz fiber, can be precisely manipulated through flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia. We treated 7 patients with tracheal and broncheal lesion under local anesthesia with KTP laser from January 1995 to July 1996. The patients included three males and four females. The age of patients ranged from 22 to 66 years with a mean of 43.7 years. The etiology of tracheal stenosis in patients was stenosis after tracheostomy(3 cases), prolong inturbation in cases of sepsis(1 cases), and the recurrence of lung cancer within endobronchial lesion(2 cases). In the cases of tracheal stenosis treated with laser ablation, there were 2 cases of recurrence of stenosis at the anastomosis site after the operation, 3 cases of stenosis at tracheostomy site, and 2 cases of local recurrence of lung cancer. The site of the tracheal stenosis was the balloon site of the tracheostomy tube(3-4cm inferior to the tracheostomy site, 2-3cm superior to the carina) and the anastomosis site that were narrowed to less than 5mm(4 cases). For the stenosis lesion in the endobronchial area, there were 2 patients with a lesion at the anterior wall, 1 patient with a lesion at the posterior wall, 2 patients with circumferential stenosis. Laser ablation time was 25.4+/-5.9min and used energy was 1768+/-365J. We have used KTP laser via flexible bronchoscope without major complications. Adjuvant radiation therapy may prevent fibroblast proliferation which leads to restenosis. In three patients of restenosis after laser ablation, adjuvant irradiation started within 4 hours after laser ablation, and the radiation doses were 1500cGy given in five fraction. In patients with adjuvant radiation therapy, stenosis has not recurred.
Anesthesia, Local ; Bronchoscopes ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Potassium* ; Quartz ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Tracheal Stenosis* ; Tracheostomy