OBJECTIVE: In Korea, control activities against the endemic malaria due to Plasmodium vivax had been done in 1960s. It is now widely accepted in Republic of Korea that indigenous malaria stopped its endemicity in the mid-1970s. But a vivax malaria case without history of being abroad was recognized in 1993. In addition to this case, 20 cases of indigenous malaria were detected in 1994. And they were progressively increased to about 80 cases in 19%. We report these recently developed cases. METHODS: In a 7-month period between June and December 1995, high fever patient were examined. Patients having a narcotic drug injection or those who had blood transfusion were excluded. Laboratory studies including blood cell count, peripheral blood smear and abdominal sonogaphy were taken. RESULTS: Over 3-month period from July through September 19%, 26 cases of new indigenous malaria were diagnosed. In a blood smear, plasmodium vivax was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The twentysix new indigenous malaria cases occured. Because all the detected patients had no history of visiting endemic countries, they were not imported cases. Vivax malaria in the present patients can be contracted by infected mosquitos which came across the militarized zone (DMZ). Officially speaking, DMZ is a 4 km wide between the north and south borders, Hut the width is much narrower in many parts. However, we do not have any information on the malaria situation in the north Korea. In order to evaluate a significance of the recent indigenous malario occurrence, a surveillance system should be operated in these areas.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Transfusion ; Culicidae ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Vivax ; Plasmodium vivax ; Republic of Korea

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida*

No abstract available.
Atrophy* ; Brain*

No abstract available.
Polyarteritis Nodosa*

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus composed of 20 kDa single coat proteins. In this study, we modified the TYMV coat protein (CP) ORF by inserting an oligonucleotide linker corresponding to T7, HSV, Tat, (Arg)9, or (RxR)4 peptide at the 5'-end of the CP ORF and examined its effect on replication, RNA packaging, and virion assembly. The results showed that the constructs containing (Arg)9 and (RxR)4 sequences were barely capable of replication. The TYMV constructs containing T7 and Tat peptide produced virions that co-migrated with wild-type virions. However, the insertion of T7 and Tat sequences impaired genomic RNA (gRNA) accumulation and packaging, respectively. When only the CP gene was expressed, CPs with (Arg)9 or (RxR)4 successfully produced virus-like particles whose mobility was comparable to that of wild type. In the case of CP having a HSV tag, the virion band was not detected, although a sufficient amount of CP was produced. This indicates that CP with the HSV tag failed to assemble into virions. Overall, the results suggest that TYMV replication, RNA packaging and virion assembly are strongly influenced by the insertion sequence.
Animals ; Brassica napus* ; Capsid Proteins ; Ecthyma, Contagious ; Product Packaging* ; RNA* ; Tymovirus* ; Virion*

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the levels of psychosocial distress among clerical public officers to reveal the various related factors. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaires was administered between Dec. 5th, 2005 and Jan. 31st, 2006, to 1,005 individuals in the service of general administration located in Daejeon City. The survey items included the subjects'socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behavior, degree of job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, sense of self-esteem, and psychosocial distress. RESULTS: The results showed that 24.8% of subjects were categorized as high risk stress, 64.9% as latent stress, and 10.3% as normal. The level of psychosocial distress was influenced by various sociodemographic characteristics, such as personality traits (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, selfesteem) and whether performing health-related behavior or not, as well as according to job-related characteristics such as rank in work, job career, job specifications, job demand, job autonomy, social support in work. CONCLUSIONS: The effective strategy for stress reduction among governmental employees requires additional programs focusing on innovated job specifications and managed personality traits.
Internal-External Control ; Psychology ; Questionnaires

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a spherical plant virus that has a single 6.3 kb positive strand RNA as a genome. Previously, we have made the recombinant TYMV construct containing a 0.7 kb eGFP gene or a 1.8 kb GUS gene. The genomic RNAs from these constructs were efficiently encapsidated. To examine in more detail whether size constraint exists for replication and packaging of TYMV, we have inserted into the TY-GUS an extra sequence derived from either eGFP or GUS. We also made a recombinant containing RNA1 sequence of Flock house virus. These TYMV recombinants were introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration. Northern blot analysis of the viral RNAs in the agroinfiltrated leaves showed that the genomic RNA band from the recombinant TYMV became weaker as longer sequence was inserted. The result also showed that the efficiency of genomic RNA encapsidation decreased sharply when an extra sequence of 2.2 kb or more was inserted. In contrast, the recombinant subgenomic RNA containing an extra sequence of up to 3.2 kb was efficiently encapsidated. Overall, these results show that size constraint exists for replication and encapsidation of TYMV RNA.
Blotting, Northern ; Genome ; Genome Size* ; Plant Viruses ; Product Packaging* ; RNA ; RNA, Viral ; Tobacco ; Tymovirus*

No abstract available.
Hemangiosarcoma*

OBJECT: Although there is extensive research. on treatment of acute unipolar depression, few studies examined the treatment of acute bipolar depression. This preliminary study was designed to suggest clinical guideline for treatment of bipolar depression through comparing the pharmacological treatment of bipolar depression with that of unipolar depression. METHOD: We studied 19 patients with bipolar depression and 38 patients with unipolar depression, who were admitted to Kyung Hee University Medical Crater from January 1990 to December 1997. The pattern of treatment and the response to treatment of bipolar depression were investigated compared with unipolar depression. RESULTS: The percentage of prescription in bipolar depression was as follows in order : combination of mood stabilizer and an antidepressant 52.6%, mood stabilizers 15.8%, ECT 15.8%, TCAs 5.3%, SSRIs 5.3%, RIMA 5.3%. In unipolar depression : TCAs 47.4%, SSRIs 28.9%, combination of mood stabilizer and an antidepressant 10.5%, others 13.2%. There was no significant difference in response to treatment in bipolar depression and unipolar depression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a mood stabilizer and an antidepressant together or a mood stabilizer alone would be first line in bipolar depression. Among the antidepressants, bupropion, RIMA and SSRls is more recommended in that order rather than TCAs in consideration of the risk of switching into mania.
Antidepressive Agents ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Bupropion ; Depressive Disorder ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Prescriptions

Over the last 20 years, the frequency of multiple pregnancy has increased mainly because of the introduction of exogenous pituitary gonadotropins in the treatment of infertility. Since the advent of assisted reproductive technology, the concern about ectopic implantation of embryos has increased dramatically and it continues to be a major complication of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Bilateral tubal pregnancy is the least common type of ectopic implantation of two embryos. Of all extrauterine pregnancies, 1:725~1:1580 are bilateral1,2. Simultaneous tubal pregnancies have been reported in natural cycles, recently, after ovulation induction, in-vitro fertilization2,3. The high incidence of ectopic pregnancy associated with IVF-ET continues to be a problem and frequencies of between 2.4 and 12.4% have been only a few reports of simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancies following IVF-ET4. This paper describes a case of a simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy after IVF-ET in a 33 year old patient. The diagnosis was confirmed by diagnostic laparoscopy performed 25 days after embryo transfer(sixth week of gestation), which revealed bilateral tubal pregnancy. Bilateral salpingectomy was performed. With a review of the literature on this topic, diagnostic aspects and treatment options are discussed.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Fertilization* ; Gonadotropins, Pituitary ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Laparoscopy ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Salpingectomy