Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Shoulder Pain ; Temporomandibular Joint

This study was designed to investigate the effect of GABA and related substances on the spontaneous contraction of rat small intestine. The rats (Sprague-Dawley), weighing 200-250g, were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the small intestine was isolated. Longitudinal muscle strips from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were suspended in Biancani's isolated muscle chambers and myographied isometrically. GABA and muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist relaxed the duodenum and jejunum significantly, but baclofen-induced relaxation in those muscle strips negligible. The effectiveness of GABA and muscimol in various regions were the greatest on duodenum, and greater on jejunum than on ileum The effect of GABA and muscimol was antagonized by bicuculline, a competitive GABA A receptor antagonist and picrotoxin, a noncompetitive GABA A receptor antagonist. Duodenal relaxation induced by GABA and muscimol was unaffected by hexamethonium, but was prevented by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that GABA inhibit the contractility of smooth muscle with distinct regional difference of efficacy, and the site of inhibitory action is the GABA A receptor existing at the presynaptic membrane of postganglionic excitatory nerves.
Animals ; Bicuculline ; Dislocations ; Duodenum ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Hexamethonium ; Ileum ; Intestine, Small* ; Jejunum ; Membranes ; Muscimol ; Muscle, Smooth ; Picrotoxin ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Relaxation ; Tetrodotoxin

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the normal morphogenesis, maintenance, and repair of matrix and also have important functions in pathologic conditions characterized by excessive degradation of extracellular matrix, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis and in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, expression of MMP-1 and -2 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was examined and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings. MMP mRNAs in the retrodiscal tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. TMJ internal derangement (ID) was categorized as normal disc position, disc displacement with reduction, early stage of disc displacement without reduction (DDsR) and late stage of DDsR. TMJ osteoarthrosis (OA) was classified with normal, mild and advanced OA. The amount of synovial fluid collection was divided into not detected, small, large and extremely large amount on MR T2-weighted imaging. Perforation and adhesion were examined during open surgery of the TMJ. Six out of 37 samples were excluded because of little amount of extracted total mRNA. MMP-2 mRNA was detected whole joints, and so the MMP-2 mRNA seems to be expressed normally in retrodiscal tissue. However, MMP-1 mRNA was expressed in 8 of 31 joints. Frequencies of MMP-1 mRNA expression according to the TMJ IDs, amount of synovial fluid and surgical findings made no significant difference. MMP-1 mRNA was detected more frequently in OA groups (7/16 joints, 43.8%) than in normal bony structure group (1/15,joints, 6.7%). Expression of MMP-1 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue might be related with OA of the TMJ.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Collagenases ; Extracellular Matrix ; Gelatinases ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteoarthritis ; Periodontitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger* ; Synovial Fluid ; Temporomandibular Joint*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in anthropometric, hematologic, and lipidologic data between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia and influencing factors in hypercholesterolemia in middle-aged men in Kwang-ju. 179 middle-aged men were involved. Anthropometric data(body weight, height, body circumferences and skinfold thickness) and hematologic data(blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, albumin and hemoglobin) were measured. Bleed lipid profile(total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, HDI-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol) were analyzed. To determined using questionnaire. The subjects were classified as hypercholesterolemic based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. body mass index, systolic blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, and triceps, subcostal, abdomen, subscapular and suprailliac skinfold thicknesses of the hypercholesterolemic group were significantly higher than in the normocholesterolemic group. The concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipod. HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL -cholesterol of the hypercholesterolemic group were significantly higher than normocholesterolemic group. The concentration of cholesterol has a significantly positive correlation with body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, waist/thigh ratio and skinfold thickness(triceps, subcostal, abdomen, and supraillic skin-fold thickness). The general tendency of socioeconomec status, frequencyu of meat intake, smoking amounts and duration and duration and drinking frequencies and amount were higher in the hypercholesteolemic group but not significant. In conclusion, hypercholesterolemia in middle-aged men was closely correlated with upper body fat obesity and most of them had an accompanied high triglyceride level tendency.
Abdomen ; Adipose Tissue ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Drinking ; Fasting ; Gwangju* ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Hyperlipidemias ; Male ; Meat ; Obesity ; Skinfold Thickness ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that sudden cardiac death can occur in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and this episode is related to the sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia. However, the connecting mechanism of various clinical features and sudden cardiac death is not defined yet. Based on the reports that sudden cardiac death is related to the alteration of heart rate dynamics in some diseases, investigation of heart rate dynamics in postoperative TOF seems important to reveal the mechanism of sudden cardiac death. This study was done as a part of the project to investigate the alteration of heart rate variability and to identify the factors related to the sudden cardiac death in postoperative TOF. METHODS: Among the children with postoperative TOF, 13 asymptomatic children without significant hemodynamic disturbances (Doppler velocity for tricuspid regurgitation 2.5m/sec and mild pulmonary regurgitation) and ventricular arrhythmia were selected (10 boys, 3 girls; mean age, 9 year 3 months; mean duration after operation, 7 years). We evaluated the complexity and periodic dynamics of heart rate (HR) throughout 24 hours in these children and control group (mean age, 8 year 10 months). After examining each ECG data on 24-hour Holter ECG segmented into 1-hour length, we analyzed each HR time series and quantified the overall complexity of each HR time series by its correlation dimension. In addition, the power spectrum of HR and obtained low-frequency component (0.08-0.15Hz) and high-frequency component (0.15-0.4Hz) were calculated. RESULTS: This study showed that TOF group had lower correlation dimension and a nonlinear characteristics of HR time series than control group (4.055+/-0.4134 vs. 4.9310+/-0.2054, p<0.05). However, the difference was not significant in the low- (0.9864+/-0.5598 vs. 1.5560+/-0.8325, p<0.05) and high- (1.1168+/-0.1.1448 vs. 0.9271+/-0.6528, p<0.05) frequency components. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that HR time series are more regular in postoperative TOF. The result was significant in correlation dimension analysis and not in the frequency domain analysis. Although the meaning of this finding in postoperative TOF is not clear at present, this may suggest the phenomenon related to the sudden cardiac death.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Tachycardia ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that sudden cardiac death can occur in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and this episode is related to the sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia. However, the connecting mechanism of various clinical features and sudden cardiac death is not defined yet. Based on the reports that sudden cardiac death is related to the alteration of heart rate dynamics in some diseases, investigation of heart rate dynamics in postoperative TOF seems important to reveal the mechanism of sudden cardiac death. This study was done as a part of the project to investigate the alteration of heart rate variability and to identify the factors related to the sudden cardiac death in postoperative TOF. METHODS: Among the children with postoperative TOF, 13 asymptomatic children without significant hemodynamic disturbances (Doppler velocity for tricuspid regurgitation 2.5m/sec and mild pulmonary regurgitation) and ventricular arrhythmia were selected (10 boys, 3 girls; mean age, 9 year 3 months; mean duration after operation, 7 years). We evaluated the complexity and periodic dynamics of heart rate (HR) throughout 24 hours in these children and control group (mean age, 8 year 10 months). After examining each ECG data on 24-hour Holter ECG segmented into 1-hour length, we analyzed each HR time series and quantified the overall complexity of each HR time series by its correlation dimension. In addition, the power spectrum of HR and obtained low-frequency component (0.08-0.15Hz) and high-frequency component (0.15-0.4Hz) were calculated. RESULTS: This study showed that TOF group had lower correlation dimension and a nonlinear characteristics of HR time series than control group (4.055+/-0.4134 vs. 4.9310+/-0.2054, p<0.05). However, the difference was not significant in the low- (0.9864+/-0.5598 vs. 1.5560+/-0.8325, p<0.05) and high- (1.1168+/-0.1.1448 vs. 0.9271+/-0.6528, p<0.05) frequency components. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that HR time series are more regular in postoperative TOF. The result was significant in correlation dimension analysis and not in the frequency domain analysis. Although the meaning of this finding in postoperative TOF is not clear at present, this may suggest the phenomenon related to the sudden cardiac death.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Tachycardia ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

Medico-legal investigations in Korea depend mostly on postmortem inspection without autopsy. Both untrained physicians and experienced forensic pathologists may not be able to determine the cause and manner of death only by postmortem inspection. The aim of our study was to show the limitations of postmortem inspection by evaluating the discrepancy between the results of postmortem inspection and autopsy after natural death. The manner of death by postmortem inspection changed to unnatural death in 9.4% of the cases (12 cases/127 cases) after autopsy. The cause of death in most cases was consumption of alcohol, agricultural chemicals, and antipsychotic intoxication. The cause of death by postmortem inspection changed in 24.3% of the cases (26 cases/107 cases) among cases of confirmed natural death after autopsy. The positive predictive value of cause of death by postmortem inspection was higher for cardiovascular disease (79.0%) and lower for chronic alcoholism and/or chronic liver disease (28.6%). This study shows that forensic pathologists could make considerable errors in determining the cause and manner of death without autopsy and emphasizes the necessity to refine medico-legal investigations in Korea by introducing the limited autopsy with toxicologic study and supportive postmortem imaging.
Agrochemicals ; Alcoholism ; Autopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Korea ; Liver Diseases

No abstract available.

These days, the epidural administration. of morphine is commonly used for postoperative pain re lief because even small amount of morphine (3mg) is enough to have an effect on specific opiates receptors of the spinal canal. We report a prospective double blind study of the efficacy of a single epidural dose of morphine on pain after spinal decompression. Postoperative pain was assessed by a linear analogue pain score and by the additional require ment for systemic analgesics. The results obtained are as follows:l. In spinal decompression, the adminitration of epidural morphine is easy, effective and safe because the epidural space has been already exposured during operation. 2. After operation the epidural route of morphine administration will give pain relief for up to 12 hours excellently. 3. When epidural morphine is given at the time of operations, the use of systemic analgesics is much reduced. 4. The side effects of epidural morphine are much reduced due to the small amount of morphine required. This simple procedure is recommended as an effective and safe method of reducing postoperative pain.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Decompression ; Double-Blind Method ; Epidural Space ; Methods ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Canal

Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Jaw ; Joints ; Mandibular Condyle ; Recurrence ; Synovial Fluid ; Temporomandibular Joint