To evaluate the characteristics of MR findings in osteomyelitis, retrospective MR image interpretations were made in 18 patients with osteomyelitis proved either either by surgery(n=17) or clinical course(n=1). Osteomyelitis was acute in five patients, subacute in five, chronic in seven, and healed in one. Area of active inflammation had low marrow marrow signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images inhomogeneously. It has been said that morrphologic characteristics of osteomyelitis in MR improved the accuracy in diagnosis of osteomyelitis and that gadolinium enhanced MR image further assisted in the planning of surgery. Out study was performed to observe the signal intensity change or morphologic change of bone marrow, cortex, periosteal reaction, and soft tissue which are specific for osteomyelitis. Multiple inhomogensous round marrow lesions were noted with central high signal intensity and peripheral low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and central low signal intensity and peripheral high signal intensity on T2 weighted images in two patients. Intra and extraosseous abscesses showed rim enhancement after gadopentetate dimeglumine injectron. The signal intensity of the relatively higher than the internal area of the abscess on T1-weighted images. Cortical bone destruction showed high signal intensities T2-weighted images with destruction patterns of fine radial, circumferential, vertical or wedge shaped. MR imaging, by displaying specific signal intensities and morphological changes of bone marrow, cortex, periosteal reaction and soft tissue, would be an aid in early diagnosis and in planning for appropriate conservative and operative therapeutic procedures for osteomyelitis.
Abscess ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Extremities* ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Osteomyelitis* ; Retrospective Studies

Antiestrogen tamoxifen (TMX) is thought to elicit its therapeutic effect by competing with endogenous estrogens for the estrogen receptor. Several more recent studies asserted that the antitumor effect of TMX is not due solely to the inhibition of estrogen receptor-mediated action, but due partly to its capacity to inhibit angiogenesis and impair neovascularization. Despite extensive research and clinical experience with this drug, its exact mode of action in inducing tumor regression is still not clear. The present study is aimed toward the investigation of the effects of TMX on dimethylbenzanthracene- induced rat mammary carcinomas with respect to the tumor response to the drugs, histological changes, cell proliferative acitivity and angiogenesis inhibition, and if TMX has antiangiogenic action, to compare it with that of pentosan polysulfate (PPS), an already known antiangiogenic substance. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 50 days, were divided into normal control, test control (tumor induction by dimethylbenzanthracene), TMX (TMX administration after tumor induction), and PPS (PPS administration after tumor induction) groups. Tumor response to the drug administration was classified according to changes of tumor volume as follows; complete response (CR), partial response (PR), no response (NR), and progressive disease (PD). The response rate of rat mammary carcinomas to the drug administration was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the TMX and PPS groups as compared with the test control group. There was, however, no statistical significance between the TMX and PPS groups. Necrosis was considerably frequent in tumors of the TMX and PPS groups. Hyaline change of the stroma was strikingly more common and marked in the TMX group and it was associated with atrophy of epithelial cells of the tumor glands. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- labeling index of the tumors was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the tumors with NR and PD of the TMX group when compared with those with PR of the same group, which suggested a higher cell proliferative activity in these response groups. In the PPS group, however, there was no significant difference in PCNA index according to response. Microvessel density of the tumors was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the PPS group as compared with the test control and TMX groups and it was not related with response. The TMX group, however, did not show any significant difference in microvessel density when compared with the test control group. Microvessel density was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tumors with PD than those with PR in all 3 groups, which suggested a positive relation of increase in tumor size and angiogenesis. Based on these results it is thought that TMX and PPS inhibit growth of chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas. It seems that the antitumor action of PPS is related with its antiangiogenic capability, but that of TMX does not have a relationship with angiogenenesis inhibition.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Liver*

We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin'slymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the. lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell having scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin'slymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Seminoma ; Thymoma*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Meningioma* ; Neck*

The cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease secreted in excess by breast cancer cells. The function of this enzyme is degradation of the extracellular matrix and proteoglycan. It is induced by estrogens in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines. On the basis of this, cathepsin D expression in breast cancer cells seems to be correlated with the prognosis. But there is debates in its prognostic significance. Relationship between cathepsin D expression and other prognostic factors of breast cancer was studied. We investigated 51 cases of invasive ductal cell carcinoma of breast removed by open biopsy or mastectomy. All cases were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. We used 46-KD intermediate form of the enzyme for cathepsin D expression on immunohistochemical stain. We observed no significant correlation with age, stage, histologic grade, lymphatic invasion, and estrogen receptor status. Cathepsin D may be an independent factor which is not related with other prognostic factors, especially estrogen receptor status.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms

E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent epithelial adhesion molecule which plays a role in the initial step of invasion of cancer cells. The step that follows the migration of separated tumor cells is a proteolytic lysis of basement membrane and extracellular matrix by protease of epithelial and endothelial cells such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be an endothelial cell-specific powerful mitogen as well as a vascular permeability factor. This study is aimed to evaluate the correlation between expression of these factors and pathologic or clinical variables and the roles and prognostic significance of those factors in squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for E-cadherin, MMP-2, and VEGF in surgically resected specimens from 90 patients with squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Mean age of the patients was 59.7 years. Histologic type was categorized into 56 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 34 cases of adenocarcinoma. Mean survival period of the 35 patients was 54 months. The immunohistochemical stains for E-cadherin, MMP-2, and VEGF revealed positive reaction in 67 cases (74.4%), 43 cases (47.8%), and 34 cases (37.8%), respectively. The expression of E-cadherin was higher in adenocarcinoma (82.4%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (69.6%). MMP-2 was expressed in the tumor cells, especially those invading into the surrounding stroma. The expression of MMP-2 was significantly correlated with the survival rate (p<0.05). The expression of VEGF in the tumor cells was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF predict poor prognosis of patients with squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung and that VEGF may play a role in tumor metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Basement Membrane ; Cadherins* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Coloring Agents ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No abstract available.
Toes*

Hepatoblastoma(HB) is a rare embryonic malignant tumor of the liver. Most morphological studies on HB have limited to the histological characteristics and only 3 cases of HB have been described in the cytology literature. We present 2 cases of HB occurring in children aged 1 year and 3 years, respectively. The distinctive cytologic features of fine needle aspiration of HB were clusters of tumor cells showing acinar and trabecular pattern, smaller tumor cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromatic nuclei having prominent nucleoli, and the presence of extramedullary hematopoiesis and osteoid material. These features were also found in the cell block and the biopsy specimen, and appeared very useful in the differentiation of HB from hepatocellular carcinoma.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Child ; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ; Hepatoblastoma* ; Humans ; Liver