Purpose: We report two cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment.Case summary: (Case 1) A 36-year-old man underwent ECMO treatment. Upon regaining consciousness, he complained of a darkened peripheral visual field and was subsequently referred to an ophthalmologist. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.9 in the right eye and 0.8 in the left eye. The intraocular pressure measured 12 mmHg in the right eye and 10 mmHg in the left eye; color vision was normal. A visual field test demonstrated concentric visual field defects in both eyes, and a fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated a decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. (Case 2) A 48-year-old woman underwent ECMO treatment. After regaining consciousness, she reported decreased vision in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was limited to hand motion in the right eye and was 1.2 in the left eye. A relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye was observed. Color vision in the right eye was compromised, and a fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. A visual field test demonstrated total visual field defect in the right eye, while OCT showed decreases in both the RNFL thickness and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal intensity and abnormal enhancement in the right retrobulbar optic nerve. Conclusions In cases where vision loss and visual field defects are observed following ECMO treatment, differential diagnoses for ischemic optic neuropathy are warranted.

Eighty-four patients with unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma due either to locally advanced lesion or to association with liver cirrhosis were treated with combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia from April 1988 to January 1991. Purpose of this study was to assess thermometry, response rate, toxicity, and survival in those patients. External radiotherapy was given with a total of 30.6 Gy/3.5 wks. Hyperthermia was given twice a week with a total of 6 treatment sessions using an 8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive type heating machine. Each hyperthermia session was started within 30 min following radiotherapy and continued for 30-60 min. Thermal data were analysed with maximum, minimum, and average temperatures of the tumors. Thermal mapping was also done. In thermometry results, maximum, minimum, and average temperatures of the tumors were 41.9 +/- 1.3 degrees C, 39.9 +/- 1.0 degrees C, and 40.8 +/- 0.9 degrees C, respectively. The fraction over 40 degrees C was 73 +/- 32% with a wide variation from 15% to 100%. Among 67 assessable patients, 27 patients showed tumor regression of more than 50% of the original tumor volume (40.3% response rate). Symptomatic improvement was observed in 78.6% of the patients. Acute toxicities during the treatment were mostly acceptable local pain (51.2%) and local fat necrosis (13.1%). The actuarial 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 44.8%, 19.7%, and 15.6%, respectively. Median survival was 6 months. In view of acceptable toxicities and the current rate of survival, further evaluation of combined treatment of radiotherapy and hyperthermia for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma is warranted.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy/*therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Human ; *Hyperthermia, Induced ; Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Age ; Remission Induction

Adult ; Child ; Clinical Protocols ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Seoul ; Tooth ; Tooth Germ

Background: To evaluate binocular function and clinical features in patients with esotropia (ET) accompanied by congenital ptosis. Methods: Clinical records of 44 ET patients with congenital ptosis (ET-ptosis group) and 71 age-matched ET patients without ptosis (ET only group) who presented for eye examination between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), magnitude of esodeviation and stereopsis at the first visit were reviewed. Stereopsis and other clinical features of the two groups were compared. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of overall patients was 5.7 (±1.9) years. The margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) of patients with ptosis was greater than 0 but less than or equal to 2, indicating that mild ptosis was included. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, sex, spherical equivalent refractive errors, BCVA, or magnitude of ET (at distance or near) between the two groups (all p>0.05). Furthermore, stereopsis and the number of patients with amblyopia did not differ significantly between the two groups. The magnitudes of esodeviation, near stereopsis and BCVA did not differ significantly between the 0Conclusions In patients with ET and congenital mild ptosis, stereopsis and visual acuity were not different from those in ET only patients. The presence of coexisting mild ptosis might not have a further deleterious impact on binocular function in ET patients.

Background: To evaluate binocular function and clinical features in patients with esotropia (ET) accompanied by congenital ptosis. Methods: Clinical records of 44 ET patients with congenital ptosis (ET-ptosis group) and 71 age-matched ET patients without ptosis (ET only group) who presented for eye examination between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), magnitude of esodeviation and stereopsis at the first visit were reviewed. Stereopsis and other clinical features of the two groups were compared. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of overall patients was 5.7 (±1.9) years. The margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) of patients with ptosis was greater than 0 but less than or equal to 2, indicating that mild ptosis was included. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, sex, spherical equivalent refractive errors, BCVA, or magnitude of ET (at distance or near) between the two groups (all p>0.05). Furthermore, stereopsis and the number of patients with amblyopia did not differ significantly between the two groups. The magnitudes of esodeviation, near stereopsis and BCVA did not differ significantly between the 0Conclusions In patients with ET and congenital mild ptosis, stereopsis and visual acuity were not different from those in ET only patients. The presence of coexisting mild ptosis might not have a further deleterious impact on binocular function in ET patients.

Background: To evaluate binocular function and clinical features in patients with esotropia (ET) accompanied by congenital ptosis. Methods: Clinical records of 44 ET patients with congenital ptosis (ET-ptosis group) and 71 age-matched ET patients without ptosis (ET only group) who presented for eye examination between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), magnitude of esodeviation and stereopsis at the first visit were reviewed. Stereopsis and other clinical features of the two groups were compared. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of overall patients was 5.7 (±1.9) years. The margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) of patients with ptosis was greater than 0 but less than or equal to 2, indicating that mild ptosis was included. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, sex, spherical equivalent refractive errors, BCVA, or magnitude of ET (at distance or near) between the two groups (all p>0.05). Furthermore, stereopsis and the number of patients with amblyopia did not differ significantly between the two groups. The magnitudes of esodeviation, near stereopsis and BCVA did not differ significantly between the 0Conclusions In patients with ET and congenital mild ptosis, stereopsis and visual acuity were not different from those in ET only patients. The presence of coexisting mild ptosis might not have a further deleterious impact on binocular function in ET patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) caused by glaucoma eye drops. Methods: This study included 20 patients (aged 18-85 years) who were using glaucoma eye drops and exhibited signs of MGD. Participants underwent four sessions of IPL therapy at 3-week intervals, each followed by MGX. Evaluative measures included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS), lid margin abnormalities, meibomian gland expressibility (MGE), meibum quality, lipid layer thickness (LLT), and meiboscore. These assessments were conducted before and after each treatment. Results: After treatment, significant improvements were observed across all measured parameters, including OSDI, Schirmer's test, TBUT, CFS, lid margin abnormalities, MGE, meibum quality, LLT, and meiboscore. Conclusions IPL therapy combined with MGX was effective in improving ocular surface and eyelid abnormalities among patients with MGD induced by glaucoma eye drops. Our findings support the use of IPL and MGX as safe and effective adjunct therapies for these patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) caused by glaucoma eye drops. Methods: This study included 20 patients (aged 18-85 years) who were using glaucoma eye drops and exhibited signs of MGD. Participants underwent four sessions of IPL therapy at 3-week intervals, each followed by MGX. Evaluative measures included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS), lid margin abnormalities, meibomian gland expressibility (MGE), meibum quality, lipid layer thickness (LLT), and meiboscore. These assessments were conducted before and after each treatment. Results: After treatment, significant improvements were observed across all measured parameters, including OSDI, Schirmer's test, TBUT, CFS, lid margin abnormalities, MGE, meibum quality, LLT, and meiboscore. Conclusions IPL therapy combined with MGX was effective in improving ocular surface and eyelid abnormalities among patients with MGD induced by glaucoma eye drops. Our findings support the use of IPL and MGX as safe and effective adjunct therapies for these patients.

Background: To evaluate binocular function and clinical features in patients with esotropia (ET) accompanied by congenital ptosis. Methods: Clinical records of 44 ET patients with congenital ptosis (ET-ptosis group) and 71 age-matched ET patients without ptosis (ET only group) who presented for eye examination between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), magnitude of esodeviation and stereopsis at the first visit were reviewed. Stereopsis and other clinical features of the two groups were compared. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of overall patients was 5.7 (±1.9) years. The margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) of patients with ptosis was greater than 0 but less than or equal to 2, indicating that mild ptosis was included. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, sex, spherical equivalent refractive errors, BCVA, or magnitude of ET (at distance or near) between the two groups (all p>0.05). Furthermore, stereopsis and the number of patients with amblyopia did not differ significantly between the two groups. The magnitudes of esodeviation, near stereopsis and BCVA did not differ significantly between the 0Conclusions In patients with ET and congenital mild ptosis, stereopsis and visual acuity were not different from those in ET only patients. The presence of coexisting mild ptosis might not have a further deleterious impact on binocular function in ET patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) caused by glaucoma eye drops. Methods: This study included 20 patients (aged 18-85 years) who were using glaucoma eye drops and exhibited signs of MGD. Participants underwent four sessions of IPL therapy at 3-week intervals, each followed by MGX. Evaluative measures included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS), lid margin abnormalities, meibomian gland expressibility (MGE), meibum quality, lipid layer thickness (LLT), and meiboscore. These assessments were conducted before and after each treatment. Results: After treatment, significant improvements were observed across all measured parameters, including OSDI, Schirmer's test, TBUT, CFS, lid margin abnormalities, MGE, meibum quality, LLT, and meiboscore. Conclusions IPL therapy combined with MGX was effective in improving ocular surface and eyelid abnormalities among patients with MGD induced by glaucoma eye drops. Our findings support the use of IPL and MGX as safe and effective adjunct therapies for these patients.