BACKGROUND: In the skin, it is often difficult to differentiate lymphomas from reactive lymphoid lesions by light microscopic examination. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether immunologic data obtained from mutine-processed specimens could be used to further objective morphologic interpretations. METHODS: We conducted an immunohistochcmical staining in 44 cases of benign and malignant cutaneous lymphoproliferative lesions using nine antibodies, including anti-CD3, UCHL1, MT1, MT2, L26, MB2, BerH2, 123C3, and MIB1. RESULTS: 1. Immunophenotyping with anti-CD3, UCHL1, MT1, L26, and MB2 was useful for the diagnosis of T cell or B cell lymphoma. However, these antibodies showed a lack of specificity for neoplastic cells, 2. Antibody to CD56, 123C3 showed positivity in 4 cases of angiocentric lymphoma, but negativity in 8 cases showing angiocentric lymphoma-like pathology. 3. Antibody to CD30, BerH2 showed positivity in all 6 cases of CD30 positive large cell lymphoma, but negativity in 6 cases showing diffuse lymphoma-like pathology. 4. Antibody to Ki-67, MIB1 showed positivity in more than 30% of infiltrating cells in 6 cases of angiocentric lymphoma, 4 cases of diffuse B cell lymphoma, and in more than 60% of infiltrating cells in 6 cases of CD30 positive large cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that immunostaining may provide useful adjunctive information in distinguishing benign from malignant cutaneous lymphoproliferations in paraffin sections.
Antibodies ; Diagnosis ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Paraffin ; Pathology ; Pseudolymphoma* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Hepatitis* ; Prevalence*

A total of 181 cases of industrial ocular injuries hospitalized and treated at the St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul during the 5-year period was studied on their epidemiological characteristics. Of there patients 96.7% were males, and 43.6% were in twenties, 49.7% of the cases were injured on left eyes. There were no statistically significant differences in frequencies of study subjects by day of the week and month of the year. Most common injury hour were between 10- < 12 AM(13.6%) and between 2- < 4 PM(20%). Of the total 101 cases, 37.6% were working less than 6 months, and 73.7%, less than 2 years. Of the total, 42.3% were involved in machinery work and 13.9%, in construction work. According to the American National Standard Method of recording basic facts relating to the nature and occurrence of work injuries, 62% among all source of injuries was metal item and the most common accident type was struck by flying objects(76.2%). Among 181 cases, only 2 cases wearing protective equipment when the accidents occurred.
Diptera ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The clinical effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(SWL) monotherapy for staghorn stone was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients with staghorn stone treated by SWL monotherapy with Dornier MPL 9000 between April 1990 and December 1997 was reviewed. Dornier MPL 9000 lithotriptor was characterized by ultrasonic localization, automatic target system, water cushion and under water spark gap generation of shock wave. The number of treatment sessions for complete clearance, complications and ancillary procedures were compared regarding type and volume of the stone. RESULTS: All stones were completely fragmented and cleared without serious complications. The mean number of treatment sessions was 5.2 in incomplete type(16 cases) and 6.6 in complete type(10 cases). It was 5.5 in stones under 20ml(12 cases) and 5.9 in stones over 20ml(14 cases). The ureteral stent was indwelled before SWL in 22 cases. The complication after SWL included steinstrasse in 14 cases and high fever in 4 cases. SWL to steinstrasse was performed in 6 cases and push-up was needed in 8 cases. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, in spite of the high number of treatment sessions, SWL monotherapy for staghorn offers good results without serious complications.
Fever ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Stents ; Ultrasonics ; Ureter ; Water

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We investigated subsequent vascular events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and determined the predictors of such events among vascular risk factors including large-artery disease, TIA-symptom duration, and acute ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). METHODS: We identified 98 consecutive patients with TIA who visited a tertiary university hospital and underwent DWI and brain magnetic resonance angiography within 48 hours of symptom onset. We reviewed the medical records to assess the clinical characteristics of TIA, demographics, and the subsequent vascular events including acute ischemic stroke, TIA, and myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Large-artery disease was detected in 55 patients (56%). Ten patients (10%) experienced TIA symptoms for longer than 1 hour, and acute infarctions on DWI were identified in 30 patients (31%). During the mean follow-up period of 19 months, seven patients (7%) had an acute ischemic stroke and 20 patients (20%) had TIA. Retinal artery occlusion in two patients, spinal cord infarction in one patient, and peripheral vascular claudication in one patient were also recorded. Cox proportional-hazards multivariate analysis revealed that large-artery disease was an independent predictor of subsequent cerebral ischemia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.1; p=0.02) and subsequent vascular events (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-6.7; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with TIA, large-artery disease is an independent predictor of subsequent vascular events. Acute infarction on DWI and a symptom duration of more than 1 hour are not significantly correlated with a higher risk of subsequent vascular events. These findings suggest that the underlying vascular status is more important than symptom duration or acute ischemic lesion on DWI.
Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient* ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prognosis ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Cord ; Stroke

Dual-specificity tyrosine (Y)-phosphorylation-regulated protein kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) is the mammalian homologue of Drosophila melanogaster minibrain and its human gene is mapped to the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21. Dyrk1A phosphorylates several transcription factors, including NFAT and CREB and a number of cytosolic proteins such as APP, tau, and alpha-synuclein. Although Dyrk1A is involved in the control of cell growth and postembryonic neurogenesis, its potential role during cell death and signaling pathway is not clearly understood. In the present study, we show that Dyrk1A is activated under the condition of apoptotic cell death. In addition, Dyrk1A is coupled to JNK1 activation, and directly interacts with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Moreover, Dyrk1A positively regulates ASK1-mediated JNK1-signaling, and appears to directly phosphorylate ASK1. These data indicate that Dyrk1A regulates cell death through facilitating ASK1-mediated signaling events.
alpha-Synuclein ; Cell Death ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Cytosol ; Down Syndrome ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 ; Neurogenesis ; Protein Kinases ; Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; Tyrosine

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders accompanying with mental retardation, cognitive impairment, and deficits in learning and memory. The brains with DS also display many neuropathological features including alteration in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis and early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms. Triplication of all or a part of human chromosome 21, especially the 21q22.1~21q22.3 region called 'Down syndrome critical region (DSCR)', has been considered as the main cause of DS. One gene product of DSCR, dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A), has been highlighted as a key contributor to the neural consequences of DS. This minireview summarizes accumulating recent reports about Dyrk1A involvement in the neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, and AD-like neurofibrillary tangle formation, which is mainly focusing on Dyrk1A-mediated regulation of cytoskeletal proteins, such as tubulin, actin, and microtubule-associated protein tau. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these phenomena may provide us a rational for new preventive and therapeutic treatment of DS.
Actins ; Alzheimer Disease ; Brain ; Chromosomes, Human ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Learning ; Memory ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neurogenesis* ; Phosphotransferases ; Tubulin

Nerve-root anomalies are very uncommon, and there symptoms and signs are nearly similar with those of disc herniation. So we can misdiagnois them for intervertebral disc herniation. The negative Lasegue' sign is the only distinct feature of the nerve root anomalies. The authors report a case of Nerve-Root Anomaly associated with disc herniation in lumbar 4-5 interspace, which was diagnosed preoperatively in myelogram and confirmed surgically.
Intervertebral Disc*

Tachycardia and hypertension are well documented complications of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in normal patients(Reid and Brace, 1940; Burstein et al, 1950; King et al 1951; Takeshima et al, 1964; Forbes and Dally, 1970). This phenomenon has been studied in detail in cats by Tomori and Widdicombe(1969), who found it to be associated with an increased impulse traffic in the cervical sympathetic efferent fibers. This nervous activity was especially increased by stimulation of the epipharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal regions, and was accompanied by the largest hypertensive response(Takki et al, 1972). Also various arrhythmias were elicited by vagal stimulation during endotracheal intubation(Burstein et al, 1950: King et al, 1951; Forbes et al, 1970), and it has been known that cardiac arrest could be observed in severe cases(Burstein et al, 1950; Dwyer, 1953; Raffan, 1954; Lander and Mayer, 1965). That hypertension during induction of anesthesia in critically ill patients may be harmful is substantiated by reports of cerebral hemorrhage, left ventricular failure and life threatening cardiac arrhythmia(Forbes and Dally, 1970; Dingle, 1966; Masson, 1964; Katz and Bigger, 1970). Pharmacologic attempts to attenuate these blood pressure and heart rate elevations and appearances of arrhythmia have been tried but theese approaches have been only partially successful. We selected at random 60 adult patients who had received operation under the general anesthesia with intubation at Severance Hospital from August to September, 1979. They were divided into 4 groups. Group l was normotensive without trimethaphan(n=20), Group ll was normotensive with trimethaphan(n=20), Group ll was hypertensive without trimethaphsn(n=10) and Group lV was hypertensive with trimethaphan(n=10). The changes of arterial blood pressure and pulse rate, and appearance of arrnythmia were analyzed and data were compared between groups. The results were as follows; 1. In the trimethaphan injected group, during induction attenuation of increase in blood pressure was not significant in the normotensive group but was statistically significant in the hypertensive group. 2, The effects of trimethaphan on changes of pulse rate were not significant during laryngoscopic insertion under general anesthesia. 3, On EKG of hypertensive patients the trimethaphan injected group revealed fewer abnormal EKG findings than the control group. It is suggested from the above results that intravenous injection of a small amount(0.1 mg/kg) of trimethaphan in a hypertensive patient just before endotracheal intubation can be used as one method to prevent a dangerous hypertensive crisis.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Braces ; Cardiovascular System* ; Cats ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Critical Illness ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy ; Methods ; Tachycardia ; Trimethaphan*