No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Mouth* ; Oropharynx* ; Rectus Abdominis*

In view of ever rising water pollution problems of river in the vicinity of large urban communities, the author has made an investigation on the pollution of water sampled from Han River (Seoul area) and Nakdong River (Daegu city area) during the period from july to December, 1970. The water samples were taken twice a month during the study period of 6 months from 7 points (locations) along the main stream of Han River at Seoul city and 5 points of Nakdong River at Daegu city. The samples ware measured and analyzed in accordance with the recognized methods in the "Standard Methods or Examination of Water and waste" by American Public Health Association. The obtained results are as follows: I.Han River. 1. Average turbidity was 5.1 units ranging from 1 to 10 units and the turbidity of down stream was higher than that of the upper stream. 2. pH value showed slight alkalinity (mean ; 7.2) except Yunchang-Dong (6.9). 3. The mean value of Dissolved Oxygen contents (D.O) was 7.2 ppm (range of 3.4-10.5ppm). D.O of the upper stream (8.2 ppm. at Walker Hill boating place, 8.0 ppm. at the Gwangzang Bridge and Ddookdo) was higher than that of he downstream (5.6ppm. at Yunchang-Dong. 6.4ppm. at the 2nd Han River Bridge), and D.O in the winter season was higher than that in the summer season, respectively. 4. The mean value of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) was 28.3 ppm. (range of 6.2-64.8ppm). The mean value of B.O.D. was 48.7 ppm. at Yunchang-Dong. 42.3ppm. at the 2nd Han River Bridge, 34.0 ppm. at the 1st Han River bridge, 28.5 ppm. at the 3rd Han River Bridge, 19.2 ppm. at Dookdo, 13.2 ppm. at the Gwangzang Bridge, and 10.2 ppm. at the Walker Hill boating place in order of value. B.O.D. in July and August (35.6 and 34.5 ppm.) were the highest and that in November and December (18.6 and 21.2 ppm.) were the lowest. 5. Suspended Solids (SS) were from 15.0 to 667.0 ppm. with the mean of 222.1 ppm "Suspended Solids" of the water samples at Yunchang-Dong and the 2nd Han River Bridge were found to be 378.1 ppm. and 283.9 ppm. respectively which were higher than at the Gwangzang Bridge (134.1ppm.) and at Walker Hill boating place (79.3ppm). 6. Coliform colonies counting of the water samples ranged from 0-2, 500x10/100ml. with the mean value of 205.6x10/100ml. The most contaminated water sample by coliform were from the point of the 2nd Han River Bridge with 640.8x10/100ml while the lowest ones were from Walker Hill boating place with 17.2x10/100ml. There was also a seasonal variation in coliform contamination that is the higher in summer and the lower in winter. II. Nakdong River. 1. The mean value of turbidity was 2.3 units with range of 0 to 9.0 units. The highest point was at Geumho River (7.2 units). and the lowest point was at Gangzung and Moonsan (0.45 and 0.41 units). 2. The mean value of pH was 7.5 (range of 7.1-8.5) and highest point was Geunho River with 8.5. 3. The mean value of D.O was 8.1ppm. (range of 3.4-11.2 ppm.). D.O. of the upper stream showed higher value than that of the down stream, and the winter season than the summer season. 4. B.O.D. ranged from 2.6 to 57.0 ppm. (mean; 20.4 ppm.). The water sample at Geumho River showed the highest value (41.5ppm) while at Moonsan and Gangzung showed the lowest (4.6 and 4.7 ppm.). 5. The mean value of suspended solids was 48.7 ppm. (range of 4.0-182.0 ppm.). The highest month was July (63.7 ppm.) and August (62.1 ppm.) and the lowest month was October (37.0 ppm.) and December (24.4 ppm.). 6. The mean value of the coliform colonies was 22.7x10/100ml. (range of 0-243x10/100ml.). The highest number of the colonies was found in the sample water at the Whawon recreation area (50.5x10/100ml.) followed by the Geumho River (33.9x10/100ml;), the Goryung Bridge (28.3x10/100ml.), Gangzung(0.7x10/100ml), and Moonsan (0.6x10/100ml.).
American Public Health Association ; Daegu ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Recreation ; Rivers* ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Ships ; Water Pollution* ; Water*

During the period from July 1st to the end of November 1970, a survey on air pollution and noise level was made in Seoul, Pusan and Taegu, the three largest cities in Korea. Each city was divided into 4-6 areas : the industrial area, the semi-industrial area, the commercial area, the residential area, the park area and the downtown area. Thirty eight sites were selected from each area. A. Method of Measurement : Dustfall was measured by the Deposit Gauge Method, sulfur oxides by PbO2 cylinder method, suspended particles by the Digital Dust Indicator, Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) by the MSA & Kitakawa Detector and the noise levels by Rion Sound Survey meter. B. Results: 1. The mean value of dustfall in 3 cities was 30.42 ton/km2/month, ranging from 8.69 to 95.44. 2. The mean values of dustfall by city were 33.17 ton/km2/month in Seoul, 32.11 in Pusan and 25.97 in Taegu. 3. The mean values of dustfall showed a trend of decreasing order of semi-industrial area, downtown area, industrial area, commercial area, residential area, and park area. 4. The mean value of dustfall in Seoul by area were 52.32 ton/km2/month in downtown, 50.54 in semi-industrial area, 40.37 in industrial area, 24,19 in commercial area, 16.25 in park area and 15.39 in residential area in order of concentration. 5. The mean values of dustfall in Pusan by area were 48.27 ton/km2/month in semi-industrial area, 36.68 in industrial area 25.31 in commercial area, and 18.19 in residential area. 6. The mean values of dustfall in Taegu by area were 36.46 ton/km2/month in downtown area, 33.52 in industrial area, 20.37 in commercial area and 13.55 in residential area. 7. The mean values of sulfur oxides in 3 cities were 1.52mg SO3/day/100cm2 PbO2, ranging from 0.32 to 4.72. 8. The mean values of sulfur oxides by city were 1.89mg SO3/day/100cm2 PbO2, in Pusan, 1.64 in Seoul and 1.21 in Taegu. 9. The mean values of sulfur oxides by area in 3 cities were 2.16mg SO3/day/100cm2 PbO2 in industrial area, 1.69 in semi-industrial area, 1.50 in commercial area, 1.48 in downtown area, 1.32 in residential area and 0.94 in the park area, respectively. 10. The monthly mean values of sulfur oxides contents showed a steady increase from July reaching a park in November. 11. The mean values of suspended particles was 2.89mg/m3, ranging from 1.15 to 5.27. 12. The mean values of suspended particles by sity were 3.14mg/m3 in Seoul, 2.79 in Taegu and 2.25 in Pusan. 13. The mean values of noise level in 3 cities was 71.3 phon, ranging from 49 to 99 phon. 14. The mean values of noise level by city were 73 phon in Seoul, 72 in Pusan and 69 in Taegu in that order. 15. The mean values of noise level by area in 3 cities showed a decrease in the order of the downtown area, commercial area, industrial area and semi-industrial area, park area and residental area. 16. The mean values of noise level by area in 3 cities indicated that the highest level was detected in the downtown area in Seoul and Taegu and in the industrial area in Pusan. 17. The daily average concentration o sulfur dioxides (SO2) in 3 cities was 0.081 ppm, ranging from 0.004 to 0.196. 18. The daily average concentration of sulfur dioxides by city were 0.092 ppm in Seoul, 0.089 in Pusan and 0.062 in Taegu in that order. 19. the weekly average concentration of carbon monoxides (CO) was 27.59 ppm. 20. The daily average concentration of carbon monoxides by city were 33.37 ppm. in Seoul, 25.76 in Pusan and 23.65 in Taegu in that order. 21. The concentration of SO2 and CO reaches a peak from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. 22. About 3 times probably the daily average concentration of CO could be detected in the downtown area probably due to heavy traffic emission in comparison with that in the industrial area. 23. As for daily variation of the concentration of SO2 and CO it was found that the concentration maintains relatively higher value during weekdays in the industrial area and on the first part of the week in the downtown area.
Air Pollution* ; Busan* ; Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Daegu* ; Dust ; Korea ; Noise* ; Seoul* ; Sulfur ; Sulfur Dioxide ; Sulfur Oxides

H. pylori produces urease abundantly amounting to 6% of total protein of bacterial mass. Urease genes are composed of a cluster of 9 genes of ureC, ureD, ureA, ureB, ureI, ureE, ureF, ureG, ureH. Production of H. pylori urease in E. coli was studied with genetic cotransformation. Structural genes ureA and ureB produce urease apoprotein in E, coli but the apoprotein has no enzymatic activity. ureC and ureD do not affect urease production nor enzyme activity ureF, ureG, and ureH are essential to produce the catalytically active H. pylori urease of structural genes (ureA and ureB) in E.coli. The kinetics of activation of H. pylori urease apoprotein were examined to understand the production of active H. pylori urease. Activation of H. pylori urease apoprotein, pH dependency, reversibility of CO2 binding, irreversibility of CO2 and Ni2+ incorporation, and CO2 dependency of initial rate of urease activity have been observed in vitro. The intrinsic reactivity (ko) for carbamylation of urease apoprotein coexpressed with accessory genes was 17-fold greater than that of urease apoprotein expressed without accessory genes. It is concluded that accessory genes function in maximizing the carbamylating deprotonated E-amino group of Lys 219 of urease B subunit and metallocenter of urease apoprotein is supposed to be assembled by reaction of a deprotonated protein side chain with an activating CO2 molecule to generate ligands that facilitate productive nickel binding.
Apoproteins* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Nickel ; Urea ; Urease*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Presence of whirling vertigo accompanied by sudden sensorineural hearing loss has been known to give negative effects on the hearing recovery. But the effect of whirling vertigo on the recovery of hearing cannot be simply evaluated because prognosis is related with other several variables, such as severity of hearing loss, onset of treatment and age. This study sets out to investigate the impact of whirling vertigo on the severity and recovery of hearing loss by multivariant analysis to exclude the effects of other variables. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 176 patients who were admitted to Samsung Medical Center from March 1997 to March 2001 were entered into our study. All patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of dizziness: with whirling vertigo (39 ears), with non-whirling dizziness (36 ears), without dizziness (101 ears). To investigate the impact of whirling vertigo on the severity of hearing loss, each group was divided into four groups according to the severity of hearing loss. Each group was analyzed respectively by the presence of whirling vertigo. Secondly, the effect of whirling vertigo on hearing recovery was investigated by multivariant analytic technique to exclude the effect of the other probable prognostic factors. Thirdly, the effect of other variables (severity of hearing loss, onset of treatment, age) on the prognosis was investigated. RESULTS: The presence of whirling vertigo was not statistically related with the severity of hearing loss (p=0.063). The results of the multivariant analysis showed that the recovery of hearing loss was related with the presence of whirling vertigo (p=0.02), severity of hearing loss (p=0.001), onset of treatment (p=0.034) and age (p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Hearing loss in the group with whirling vertigo was not more severe than that in the other two groups. According to the multivariant analytic technique, whirling vertigo in sudden sensorineural hearing loss has a negative effect on the prognosis of hearing recovery.
Dizziness ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Vertigo*

Objective: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a major immunoregulatory cytokine and its gene plays a fundamental role in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. This study aimed to examine the association between the IL10 gene promoter -1082G/A polymorphism (rs1800896) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia. Methods: Two hundred and eighty unrelated Korean schizophrenic patients participated in this study (105 TD and 175 non-TD patients). TD was diagnosed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TD and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Genotyping was performed by RT-PCR and high-resolution melting curve analysis. Results: The distributions of genotypic frequencies did not differ between patients with and without TD (χ2=4.33, p=0.115). However, allelic frequencies of the two groups were different (χ2=4.45, p=0.035); the A allele frequency was higher in TD. The total AIMS scores of the three genotypes were not different (F=1.33, p=0.266). However, the total AIMS scores of the A allele carrier and the A allele non-carrier were significantly different (t=5.79, p<0.001). Logistic regression analaysis showed that IL10 -1082G/A genotype significantly predicts presence of TD (p=0.045) after adjusting for covariates such as age and treatment duration. Conclusion This finding suggests that the A allele of rs1800896 may be associated with TD development following a low IL-10 function.

PURPOSE: This clinical pilot study was performed to determine the effectiveness of dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) in measuring bone mineral density (BMD).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The BMD values obtained using DE-CBCT were compared to those obtained using calibrated multislice computed tomography (MSCT). After BMD calibration with specially designed phantoms, both DE-CBCT and MSCT scanning were performed in 15 adult dental patients. Three-dimensional (3D) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data were imported into a dental software program, and the defined regions of interest (ROIs) on the 3-dimensional surface-rendered images were identified. The automatically-measured BMD values of the ROIs (g/cm³), the differences in the measured BMD values of the matched ROIs obtained by DE-CBCT and MSCT 3D images, and the correlation between the BMD values obtained by the 2 devices were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The mean BMD values of the ROIs for the 15 patients as assessed using DE-CBCT and MSCT were 1.09±0.07 g/cm³ and 1.13±0.08 g/cm³, respectively. The mean of the differences between the BMD values of the matched ROIs as assessed using DE-CBCT and calibrated MSCT images was 0.04±0.02 g/cm³. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the BMD values of DE-CBCT and MSCT images was 0.982 (r=0.982, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The newly developed DE-CBCT technique could be used to measure jaw BMD in dentistry and may soon replace MSCT, which is expensive and requires special facilities.
Adult ; Bone Density ; Calibration ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Jaw ; Methods ; Miners ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pilot Projects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnosis of clonorchiasis is based on demonstrating eggs in stool or bile. It is believed that bile examination is the most precise method for detecting eggs. We evaluated diagnostic usefulness of intradermal test (IDT) by comparing it with the result of bile examination. METHODS: For 88 patients with pancreatobiliary diseases, we examined Clonorchis sinensis eggs in bile and performed IDT for clonorchiasis. The bile was obtained from endoscopic nasobiliary or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tubes. RESULTS: We calculated ROC curve to decide the cut-off value of IDT in determining diagnostic accuracy on the basis of bile examination. We chose a value of 40 mm2, which significantly improved the sensitivity, without reducing the specificity. With a cut-off value of 40 mm2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of IDT were 81.5%, 67.2%, 52.4%, and 89.1%, respectively. The value of IDT was not affected by age and showed no difference between benign and malignant diseases. However, in egg-positive patients, the mean value was lower in malignant diseases than in benign diseases. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pancreatobiliary diseases, IDT with a cut-off value of 40 mm2 seems to be a valuable supplementary diagnostic test for clonorchiasis in view of its high sensitivity.
Aged ; Bile/parasitology ; Biliary Tract Diseases/*diagnosis ; Clonorchiasis/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; *Intradermal Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases/*diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity