No abstract available.
Tonsillectomy*

Postoperative hyphema following cataract extraction surgery is not usually a serious complication and clears quickly in the most cases. Sutureless cataract surgery was reported to have less incidence of postoperative hyphema than conventional cataract surgery. We analyzed the incidence of postoperative hyphema in each group according to the depth and the length of scleral pocket incision in 500 eyes with the sutureless cataract surgery via superior incision during two years. One day after surgery, 90 cases(18.0%) had hyphema and most of them(74.4%) showed grade 1 severity. The incidence of hyphema was 23.0% in the deep incision group and only 11.9% in the superficial incision group(p<0.01). The percentage of grade 1 hyphema was 66.6% in the deep group and 92.6% in the superficial group, then severity was greatly reduced in the superficial incision group(p<0.01). The incidence of hyphema in the group of 7.0 mm in length was highest among the 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 mm groups(p<0.01), and the shorter the incision length, the milder the serverity of hyphema(p<0.01). The incidence of hyphuma was the lowest(6.2%) in the group of 6.0 mm in length and superficial incision, and it was the highest(28.5%) in the 7.0 mm in length and deep incisional group(p<0.01).
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Hyphema* ; Incidence*

A double-blind trial of the efficacy of propranolol hydrochloride a new beta adrenergic blocking agent, in the prophylactic treatment of angina pectoris was conducted in 9 patients. Through the trial period of 8 weeks to more than 26 weeks, the patients received propranolol and placebo for equal period. Following are the results. 1. The effective dose of propranolol hydrochloride in the prophylactic treatment of angina pectoris was 80 mg to 120 mg per day. 2. The effectiveness of propranolol hydrochloride was manifested by a reduction in frequency of pain to 40.7%, in nitroglycerin comsumption to 38.8% and by an increase in exercise tolerance. 3. Obseved side effects were transient nausea, vomiting and bradycardia, which were improved with reduction in drug dosage. 4. Further clinical and experimental information may be necessary in order to assess the long-term effects of propranolol hydrochloride.
Angina Pectoris* ; Bradycardia ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Nausea ; Nitroglycerin ; Propranolol* ; Vomiting

Cushing's syndrome is a rare entity in pediatric age, and and mostly caused by adrenocotical tumor. We recently experiecd 2 cases of Cushing's syndrome, one, 13 year and 4 month old girl with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia, and one, 2 year and 4 month old girl with huge adrenocortical carcinoma measuring 14x13x8cm, thought to be congenital in origen. The former was successfully treated by bilateral adrenalectomy. The latter showed no evidence of metastasis at operation, but expired 7 months later due to metastatic carcinoma. Literature about Cushing's syndrome were reviewed.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant ; Neoplasm Metastasis

A childhood case of moyamoya disease with subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported. This patient exhibited left hemiparesis, dysarthria, convulsion and mental retardation. He also had characteristic angiographic picture: occlusion of supraclinoid segment of both internal carotid arteries, combined with collateral networks in the base of brain.
Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Child* ; Dysarthria ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: In chronic airway disease, mucus secretion in increased, but extraction of mucin, which is the main component of mucus secretion, is a very complicated and limited in clinical use. Recently, monoclonal antibody for mucin was developed for possible clinical use. In this study, cellular analysis and quantification of respiratory mucin in sputum of patients with chronic airway diseases were performed. METHOD: Sputum was collected from patients with asthma(n=33), bronchiectasis(n=8) or chronic bronchitis(n=13) by spontaneous expectoration or by hypertonic saline induction, Collected sputums was treated by 0.1% dithiotreitol to dissociate the disulfide bond of the mucus and filtered through a nylon gauze. Total cell count, viability and differential count were measured. For detection of mucin, collected samples were treated with sodium dodoecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then with monoclonal antibody(HMO2), as the primary antibody, and PAS stain. The amount of mucin was measured with ELISA by HMO2. Correlation with clinical information, cellular analysis, and amount of measured mucin were analyzed. RESULTS: Total cell counts of sputum were significantly increased in patients with bronchiectasis but viability remained the same. Eosinophils were significantly increased in patients with asthma, neutrophils in bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis, respectively (p<0.05). The results of Western blotting and PAS staining confirmed the presence of glycoproteins and matched? with mucin. The amounts of mucin measured by ELISA were not significantly different among the disease groups. Significant correlation was identified between the amount of mucin and viability(r=-0.482, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory cells in the sputum of those with chronic airway disease were different for each disease type. Measurement of mucin by ELISA via monoclonal antibodies may be a simple method for the evaluation of chronic airway disease.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Asthma ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cell Count ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Mucus ; Neutrophils ; Nylons ; Sodium ; Sputum*

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and vertebral compression fracture (VCF) are common causes of chronic pain in the elderly population. Careful history taking and imaging studies are needed for diagnosis when both diseases coexist. Vertebroplasty is a clinically efficient surgical treatment of VCF, while nerve block and/or medications are the mainstay of PHN pain control. The most serious complications of vertebroplasty are pulmonary embolism or neurologic deficit due to cement leakage. An 80-year-old female patient was diagnosed with PHN of the right L1 dermatome; however, her pain expanded to the midback and subcostal area. Thoracic magnetic resonance imaging and abdominal computed tomography revealed recent L2 compression fracture with prevertebral hematoma caused by cortical bone defect of the L2 body. Even though the risk of cement leakage was high, L2 vertebral body augmentation was performed using a bone filler device and high-viscosity cement; this treatment was successful, without cement leakage or any other complications.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; Chronic Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fractures, Compression* ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Block ; Neuralgia ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and/or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) metastasis to the brain. METHODS: From 2000 to 2010, 50 patients underwent GKRS for metastatic brain lesions originating from SCLC. Among these patients, 11 received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) before the development of metastatic lesions (PCI group), and GKRS was performed as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions in 12 patients who had not received PCI (primary GKRS group). In addition, GKRS was performed as a salvage treatment for progressive lesions after WBRT in 27 patients (salvage GKRS group). The medical records and imaging data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The overall survival of the 50 patients was 20.8 months (range 1-53) after the diagnosis of primary tumor and 12.0 months (range 1-47) after the development of cerebral metastasis. Median survival after GKRS was 4.8 months (range 1-15) in the PCI group, 4.6 months (range 0-18) in the primary GKRS group, and 7.6 months (range 0-33) in the salvage GKRS group. Further treatment for progressive lesions after GKRS was necessary in 15 patients, after a mean interval of 3.8 months. Causes of death were systemic organ failure in 15 patients, deterioration of neurological state in 13 patients, and unknown or combined causes in 16 patients. The local control rate of the lesions treated with GKRS was 76.4% (decreased in 13 patients and stable in 16 patients at the final imaging follow-up (mean 5.60 months). CONCLUSION: GKRS is an effective local treatment for brain metastasis from SCLC both as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions after PCI and as a salvage treatment for recurrent or progressive lesions. However, the survival benefit is not significant because most patients die of systemic multi-organ failure with a short life expectancy.
Brain ; Cause of Death ; Cranial Irradiation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prokinetics are commonly used for the treatment of functional dyspesia, but their methods of action are different. First, we compared the efficacy and safety of the dopamine receptor antagonists, which were domperidone maleate and levosulpiride, in a 2 week treatment in functional dyspepsia, then investigated the efficacy and safety of cisapride tartrate in a 2 week treatment in those who were resistant to domperidone maleate or levosulpiride. METHODS: One hundred Forty-nine patients, who were diagnosed with functional dyspepsia, were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, domperidone maleate (75) and levosupiride (74). Daily they took 30mg of domperidone maleate (DOM) or 75mg of levosulpiride (LEV) for 2 weeks. Then the subjects who didn't respond to these treatments took 30mg of cisapride tartrate for the following 2 weeks. RESULTS: At week 0, the total symptom scores of the DOM group and LEV group were 8.01+/-2.57 and 8.14+/-2.65 respectively, which were not statistically different. At week 2, the total symptom scores of the DOM and LEV groups were significantly reduced to 4.28+/-3.30 and 4.85+/-3.53(p=0.0001). The efficacy rates of the DOM and LEV groups at week 2 were 50.8% vs. 44.1%. The rate of adverse events in the LEV groups was much higher than in the DOM group(17.7% vs. 8.0%). In addition the rate of change from normal to abnomal in prolactin level was markedly higher in the LEV than that of the DOM group(80.0% vs. 8.3%). After 2 weeks of treatment with cisapride tartrate, the total symptom score was significantly reduced to 3.77+/-2.49(p=0.0001), and the efficacy rate was 75.0%. The satisfaction of the resistant subjects in efficacy of cisapride compared with the previous treatment was 73.3%. The rate of adverse events of cisapride tartrate was 5.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Considering efficacy and safety of domperidone maleate and levosulpiride, domperidone maleate was the safer drug for the treatment of functional dyspepsia, and cisapride tartrate can be a useful drug in those patients who are resistant to dopamine antagonists like domperidone maleate and levosulpiride.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine ; Cisapride* ; Domperidone ; Dopamine Antagonists* ; Dopamine* ; Dyspepsia* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Prolactin

BACKGROUND: It has been anticipated that the amount and composition of mucin are changed in patients with chronic airway diseases. We evaluated whether RTO3 (mAb against rat tracheal mucins) could que ntify the amount of mucin from the airway in the patients with chronic airway diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1) RTO3 was bound to high molecular weight of mucin based on Western blot in sputum and BALF from patients with chronic airway diseases. 2) The goblet cells and submucosal glands in main bronchus from human were observed by PAS stain. And immunohistochemical stain with RTO3 showed immunoreactivity on some goblet cells. 3) The amount of mucin was more increased in patients with chronic airway diseases compared to those in normal subjects. 4) In the exacerbation of asthmatics, mucin amounts were more increased than stable asthmatics. CONCLUSION: We suggested that secreted mucin in chronic airway diseases can be quantified by ELISA with RTO3.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchi ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Mucins* ; Rats ; Sputum