The presense of the esophageal varices might have a partial machanical obstruction and cushion effect on esophageal lumen due to blood within the varices. It may affect on the motility and acid clearance in the esophagus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acid clearance and the esophageal motility according to the degree of the varices in patients with esophageal varices. We have performed esophageal manometry and acid clearance test in 41 patients with esophageal varices. Esophageal motility disorder was abserved in 29.4% of patients with esophageal varices. The number of swallowing for acid clearance was significantly increased in patients with esophageal varices than control group(23.5 +/- 14.1 Vs 6.1 +/- 1.6, p=0.004). However, there was no significant corelation with form, location, and redcolor sign of the varices. In conclusion, patients with esophageal varices accompanied esophageal motility disorders and delayed acid clearance. This results might be a useful referance data for changes in esophageal motility before and after treatment of esophageal varices.
Deglutition ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Manometry ; Varicose Veins

No abstract available.
Pancreas

The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure requires concentration while wearing a heavy radiation protective suit and taking the risk of radiation exposure and complications. In order to successfully perform an ERCP procedure, it is necessary to understand the target disease, as well as appropriate education and training, and a certain amount of experience in the procedure. The Korean Pancreatobiliary Association organized a promotion committee to implement the “ERCP Certification” system to maintain education and quality control of ERCP procedures. A blueprint was prepared.

Joints ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Recurrence ; Skull

The histogenesis and differentiation of sweat gland tumors are controversial. Twenty-two cases of sweat gland tumors were stained by immunoperoxidase technique (ABC method) for the presence of S-100 protein, CEA, and two kinds of keratin. Four syringomas, 4 eccrine poromas, 2 eccrine porocarcinomas, 2 eccrine spiradenomas, 1 papillary eccrine adenoma, 3 clear cell hidradenomas, 3 mixed tumors of skin, 2 papillary syringocystadenomas, and 1 cylindroma were included. All samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-erribedded. Two monoclonal cytokeratin ant.ibodies, MA-902 (specific for cytokeratin No. 8) and MA-903 (specific for cytokeratins No.1,5,10,11) were used. In normal eccrine and apocrine glands, MA-902 stains cells of the intradermal duct and secretory portion. While MA-903 stains cells of the intraepidermal and intradermal duct and myoepithelial cells of eccine and apocrine glands, S-100 protein is found in the secretory cells of the intradermalduct and secretory portion, while CEA stains the secretory and ductal cells of eccrine and apocrine glands. All sweat gland tumors we studied stained by 4 antibodies in variable positive rates, Based on these findings, we discuss the histogenesis of various sweat gland tumors.
Acrospiroma ; Adenoma ; Antibodies ; Apocrine Glands ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Coloring Agents ; Eccrine Porocarcinoma ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Keratins ; Poroma ; S100 Proteins ; Skin ; Sweat Glands* ; Sweat* ; Syringoma

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Main consideration was given to the stresses at the site of implant entry into the cortical bone at the alveolar crest. As a suspectible factor affecting the occurrence of stress concentrations, the contact angle between the implant and the alveolar crest bone was addressed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate angles between the alveolar crest bone and the implant effect on the implant crestal area induced stresses using a finite element method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cylindrically shaped, standard size ITI implants entering into alveolar crest with four different contact angles of 0, 15, 30, and 45 deg. with the long axis of the implant were axisymmetrically modelled. Alterations of stresses around the implants were computed and compared at the cervical cortical bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that regardless of the difference of the implant/alveolar crest bone contact angles, stress concentration occurred at the cervical bone and the angle differences led to insignificant variations in stress level.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra

Supravalvular aortic stenosis may be defined as an obstructive congenital deformity of the ascending aorta whitch originates just distal to the level of the origins of the coronary arteries, and whitch includes a wide spectrum of pathologic changes. A 27 years-old-female was admitted because of further evaluation of known some heart disease. Clinical diagnosis of supravalvular aortic stenosis was made by echocardiography and angiography. We presented a case of supravalvular aortic stenosis with a review of literature.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Heart Diseases

Acute pancreatitis is one of the potentially life-threatening diseases with a wide spectrum of severity. The estimated mortality rate for all patients with acute pancreatitis is approximately 5%. Severe pancreatitis often takes a clinical course with two overlapping phases, an early and a late phase, with two peaks of mortality. According to the revised Atlanta classification system, acute pancreatitis can be divided into mild, moderately severe, or severe. It is important to identify patients with potentially severe acute pancreatitis who require aggressive early treatment. It is believed that intravenous fluid resuscitation is an important variable for improved outcomes in acute pancreatitis. Most guidelines encourage targeting fluid resuscitation toward correcting hypotension, correcting hemoconcentration, and maintaining adequate urine output. In this review article, I would like to discuss the assessment of severity and fluid administration in acute pancreatitis.
Classification ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Mortality ; Pancreatitis* ; Resuscitation

Uneventful duodenal perforation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an uncommon but occasionally fatal complication. ERCP-related perforations may occur during sphincterotomy and improper manipulation of the equipment and scope. Traditionally, duodenal perforation has been treated with early surgical repair. Recently, nonoperative early endoscopic management techniques including clips or fibrin glue have been reported. In the present paper we review the literature pertaining to the treatment of perforations.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Stents