Stomach cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among Korean men and considered as one of the most important malignant disease in many countries. Thus, many studies have been established about factors affecting prognosis of stomach cancer. These include studies of histopathological pattern which were performed by Mulligan and Rember (1954), Lauren (1965), Ming (1977), and Teglbjerg and Vetner(1977). The present study is aimed to evaluate the useful factors to predict the prognosis of patient of stomach cancer in relation to the histopathological patterns. The material consisted of 284 cases which were diagnosed as gastric carcinoma at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine from January, 1981 through December, 1982. After the classification of gastric carcinoma by Ming (1977), Willis (1967), and Mulligan and Rember (1954), age and six of the patients, histopathologic patterns, depth of invasion, degree and major component of inflammatory reaction, lymphatic permeation and metastatic incidence to the regional lymph nodes were investigated, and the results obtained were as follows; 1) The overall male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1 and mean age was 51.6 years old. The mean age of patients with EGC was 46.8 years old, while that of patients with invasive cancer was 52.2 years old, indicating about 5 years difference. 2) The classification of 284 cases by Ming's method showed 36.3% of expanding type and 63.7% of infiltrative one. The incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes was 58.3% in expanding type and 72.4% in infiltrative one. 3) The classification of 284 cases by Willis' method showed 45.8% of adenocarcinoma and 23.2% and of signet ring cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma anaplastic carcinoma had high degree of desmoplasia. Among them, moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma showed markedly lower metastatic rate to regional lymph nodes than others. 4) The classification of 284 cases by Mulligan and Rember's method showed 15.1% of intestinal cell carcinoma, 21.5% of pyloro-cardiac gland cell carcinoma and 61.6% of mucous cell carcinoma. Highly differentiated intestinal cell and pylorocardiac gland cell carcinomas and desmoplastic mucous cell carcinoma had high degree of desmoplasia. Among them, highly differentiated intestinal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic mucous cell carcinoma showed markedly low metastatic rate to regional lymph nodes. 5) Adenocarcinoma with good differentiation showed higher mean age and male predominancy in comparison to carcinoma with poor differentiation. 6) The degree of inflammatory reaction did not show significant difference in relation to the patterns of gastric carcinoma and the rate of regional node metastasis. However, according to the cell types involved in inflammatory reaction, plasma cell-predominant inflammatory reaction showed low metastatic rate to regional lymph nodes. 7) The more the degree of desmoplasia was observed, the less the rate of metastasis to regional nodes was noted and the difference was statistically significant. 8) The rate of metastasis to regional nodes showed marked difference by the depth of cancer invasion; confined to mucosa, 0% : to submucosa, 15.4%; to muscular layer, 66.7%; and to serosa and perigastric area, 76.5%. In summary, the results of this study indicated several factors suggesting good prognosis, such as; (1) expanding growth pattern, (2) good differentiation, (3) high degree of desmoplasia as stromal reaction, (4) plasma cell-predominant infiltration, and (5) lesser deep invasion. These factors were better evaluated by Mulligan and Rember's classification.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

We report a 27-year-old male with rnultiple pruritic papulovesicular eruptions on the whole body without any gluten-sensitive enteric syrnpoms. A skin biopsy specimen showed subepidermal vesicles and papillary microabscesses infiltrated with rnany neutrophils and a few lymphocytes and eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescent study of the perilesional skin revealed linear deposits of immunoglobulin A along the dermo-epidermal junction. The lesion responded rapidly to oral dapsone and topical steroid therapy.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Dapsone ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases*

Preperative radiologic indices, such as cortical index of Engh, morphological cortical index of Sportono and Romagnoli, canal flare index of Noble, and their relationship to the postoperative canal filling, femoral stem fitness, stability and clinical result at last follow up were analyzed in 111 hips of 96 patients treated with bipolar or total hip arthroplasty at the Department of Chthopedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital, between January 1985 and May 1993. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The cortical index had no correlations with age, metaphyseal filling and clinical result but isthmic filling was proportional to the cortical index. In femoral stem fitness and stability, most cases of press fit and optimal stability were obtained in group 3 and 4 that have thick cortex. 2. The morphological cortical index had no correlation with age, canal filling and clinical results. But it was proportional to the postoperative femoral stem fitness and stability. 3. The canal flare index had no correlation with age. The metaphyseal filling was increased in the stove piped canal group(less than 3.0 canal flare index), but isthmic filling was increased in normal canal group(3.0-4.7 canal flare index). The most cases of press fit and optimal stability were obtained in normal canal group. More satisfactory clinical results were obtained in nomal canal group. Above results suggest that straight type of cementless femoral component could get better press fit fixation, postoperative stability and more satisfactory clinical results in the cases of cortical index larger than 2.0, mophological cortical index larger than 2.7 and canal flare index larger than 4.0 but metaphyseal filling is unsatisfactor.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea

Angiomyolipoma(AML) of the liver is a rare benign tumor; about 60 cases, almost solitary, have been reported. We present here a extremely rare case of multiple AML in the liver diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Two large masses were found in a 51 year-old woman complaining of abdominal discomfort by computed tomography and several smaller masses are scattered in the liver. FNAC was performed, showing bundles of spindle shaped smooth muscle cells intermingled with mature fat cells. FNAC may be a valuable method for definitive diagnosis of hepatic AML. The diagnosis was further confirmed by histologic examination with immunohistochemical studies.
Adipocytes ; Angiomyolipoma* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

A case of papillary eccrine adenoma on the right hand of a 84-year-old woman is reported. The tumor was 1 cm in diameter, occupying the whole thickness of the dermis. Histologically, the tumor was composed of dilated tubules of various sizes with intraluminal papillary projections, and was surrounded by a fibrous stroma. An immunohistochemical study revealed that the proliferating tubules were composed of the outermost layer of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive and the inner layer of keratin 14-negative cells. This antigen expression pattern was comparable to that of the normal eccrine secretory coil, which indicates that the tumor differentiated toward the secretory coil of an eccrine sweat gland.
Adenoma* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dermis ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Sweat Glands

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Development* ; Female ; Mice* ; Oviducts* ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening (ALO) are nonparalytic causes of involuntary eyelid closure (IEC). Recently Aramideh (1994) divided the IEC into 5 groups by electromyography (EMG) study, and reported that each group had different responses to Botulinum A toxin treatment. Objective : We looked whether clinical observation can match the EMG, and possibly predict the response to Botulinum A toxiu treatment. Method : Based on EMG study of Aramideh (1994), clinically observable characteristics of each group were defined. One of the authors reviewed the videotapes of IEC and applied the above criteria to make the clinical diagnosis. Other author blinded to the clinical information performed 2 channel EMG of levator palpebrae superioris (LP) and orbicularis oculi (00) muscles, and made the EMG diagnosis. Clinical and EMG diagnoses were matched. Results : Twenty five patients (5 men and 20 women) were included in the study. Clinically, 16 were diagnosed as group I (blepharospasm), 1 as group 111(combined blepharospasm and LP motor impersistence), 7 as group tV(combined blepharospasm and involuntary LP inhibition), and 1 as group V(involuntary LP inhibition). There were no patient in group ll (combined dystonic activities of LP and 00). On EMG study, 14 were diagnosed as group 1, 2 as group ll, 1 as group 111, 7 as group IV, and 1 as group V The mismatch between the two diagnoseis occurred between group I and tV in 4 patients, group I and ll in 2, and group I and 111 in 2. Conclusions : Clinical observations are generally correct in predicting EMG diagnosis. Holvever groups with mixed features(ll, 111, and Iv) are difficult to diagnose by clinical observation only. Usefulness of clinical and EMG diagnosis on predicting Botulinum A toxin response will need to be evaluated. Key Words : Involuntary eyelid closure, Blepharospasm, Apraxia of lid opening, Electromyography.
Apraxias ; Blepharospasm ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Diagnosis* ; Electromyography ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Videotape Recording

The study comprises 13 cases of phenytoin induced drug eruption admitted and treated at Seoul National University Hospital during a 6-year period (1981-1986). The summaries are as follows : 1. The skin lesions were usually pruritic morbilliform maculopapular eruptions on face, trunk, extremites, including palms and soles. However, erythema multiform was observed in one case. 2. Hiistopathologically, the dermis showed perivascular accumulation of mononuclear cells with occasional eosinophils. In some cases, the epidermis showed vacuolar alteration of basaI layer, necrotic keratinocyte with dermal perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrations. 3. The frequencies of the associated features were as follows : fever(61.5%), lymphadenopathy(23.1%), leukocytosis(45.5%), esinophilia(72.7%), and liver function abnormalities(63.6%)
Dermis ; Drug Eruptions* ; Eosinophils ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Keratinocytes ; Liver ; Phenytoin* ; Seoul ; Skin

The research work has been conducted in order to establish facts on posterior available space in patients with crowding. The relation between crowding and posterior available space was worked out through a cross sectional study of fifty eight patients showing class I malocclusion. In addition, a longitudinal overlapping study was done by examing twenty patients who had their bicuspid extracted and forty nine patients who did not, at the orthodontic department of dental clinic affiliated in Chosun University. The patients had been examined for three years and eight months on a regular basis, and the study yielded the following conculusion. 1. There was a great difference in posterior available space between patients with serious crowding and those with slight crowding. The former marked 15.2mm of posterior available space and the latter 19.9mm. 2. Posterior crowding index was acquired by joint consideration of the diameter of posterior teeth and posterior available space, and manifested the highest relationship with crowding among measured items. 3. Patients who had their bicuspids extracted exhibited increase in posterior available space of 1.6mm/year and those who did not, 1.8mm/year. 4. The absorption of anterior border of ramus turned out to be most deeply related with the increase of posterior available space. 5. Anterior border of ramus was absorbed at the average rate of 0.7mm/year during the period of observation. 6. The extraction of bicuspids had little influence on the change in posterior available space.
Absorption ; Bicuspid ; Crowding* ; Dental Clinics ; Humans ; Joints ; Malocclusion ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the S-phase fraction (SPF) and Ki-67 with other biologic factors, and to assess the prognostic value of Ki-67 and SPF in 108 breast cancer patients. MEHOODS: The SPF and Ki-67 level were determined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 108 patients with early breast cancer who underwent surgery between January 1997 and December 2000 at the Wonkwang University Hospital. The clinicopathological characteristics of the early breast cancer such as the tumor size, node status, histological grade, hormone receptor, various tumor markers and cancer recurrence were compared with the SPF and Ki-67 values. RESULTS: The median SPF was 9.03% (range 0~43%). The SPF correlated with CD31 (P=0.020) and DNA diploidy (P=0.000). Ki-67 correlated with the histological grade (P= 0.010) and p53 (P=0.035). No correlation was found between the SPF and Ki-67. Eight cases recurred during the follow-up period. Strong expression of Ki-67, p53, DNA aneuploidy and a young age were correlated with recurrence (P=0.001, P=0.029, P=0.021 and P=0.002, respectively). However, the SPF was not related to recurrence. CONCLUSION: In early breast cancer, Ki-67 expression is correlated with the histological grade and p53 expression. In addition, strong Ki-67 expression is associated with a recurrence. Further studies regarding the prognostic significance of the proliferation markers, such as Ki-67 and SPF, will be needed to confirm these results.
Aneuploidy ; Biological Factors ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence