No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Development* ; Female ; Mice* ; Oviducts* ; Pregnancy

The research work has been conducted in order to establish facts on posterior available space in patients with crowding. The relation between crowding and posterior available space was worked out through a cross sectional study of fifty eight patients showing class I malocclusion. In addition, a longitudinal overlapping study was done by examing twenty patients who had their bicuspid extracted and forty nine patients who did not, at the orthodontic department of dental clinic affiliated in Chosun University. The patients had been examined for three years and eight months on a regular basis, and the study yielded the following conculusion. 1. There was a great difference in posterior available space between patients with serious crowding and those with slight crowding. The former marked 15.2mm of posterior available space and the latter 19.9mm. 2. Posterior crowding index was acquired by joint consideration of the diameter of posterior teeth and posterior available space, and manifested the highest relationship with crowding among measured items. 3. Patients who had their bicuspids extracted exhibited increase in posterior available space of 1.6mm/year and those who did not, 1.8mm/year. 4. The absorption of anterior border of ramus turned out to be most deeply related with the increase of posterior available space. 5. Anterior border of ramus was absorbed at the average rate of 0.7mm/year during the period of observation. 6. The extraction of bicuspids had little influence on the change in posterior available space.
Absorption ; Bicuspid ; Crowding* ; Dental Clinics ; Humans ; Joints ; Malocclusion ; Tooth

The effect of interpregnancy interval on birthweight of the subsequent child was investigated for the 1,347 women of 25 to 40yearsold age who visited OBGY and Pediatric department of the general hospital in Taegu city. Questions in designed questionnaire were asked by student interviewers who were trained in nursing school. Mean birth weight by interpregnancy intervals were compared by intervals of 6 months. Mean birth weight increased from 3,250 grams for intervals of 6 months to 3,357 grams for intervals of 25-30 months, but the difference was not statistically significant (=0.47). Correlations between the continuous variables which were suspected as confounders and interpregnancy interval and birth weight were investigated. The coefficient of correlation between maternal age and interpregnancy interval was 0.39, between gestational period and birth weight 0.30 and between prepregnancy weight and birth weight 0.16 and between birth weight of first baby and birth weight (of second baby) 0.44. But maternal age, gestational period and prepregnancy weight were not considered as confounder, because they were not correlated simultaneously with birth interval and birth weight. Associations between the discrete variables which were suspected as confounders, and interpregnancy interval were investigated by Chi-square test. Associations between interpregancy interval and educational level of mothers, types of husband's occupation, types of medical security, sex were not significant (P-values were 0.59, 0.75, 0.75, 0.82 respectively), so we did not considered these variables as confounding variables. In multiple regression analysis of birth weight, significant variables were birth weight of first baby, gestational analysis of birth weight, significant variables were birth weight of first bay, gestational period, sex of neonate and prepregnancy body weight of mother. Of the 1,347 births, the rate of low birth weight was 2% (27 birth). The rate for interpregnancy interval 7-12months was highest as 3.6% and that for 13-18 months was lowest as 0.6%, but there was no regular tendency related with interpregnancy interval.
Bays ; Birth Intervals ; Birth Weight* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Daegu ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Parturition* ; Schools, Nursing

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary has been identified as a specific histopathologic entity. The first II cases were reported by Dickersin et a1, 1982, Since then only 80 cases were reported in literature. This rare and highly aggresive melignancy primarily affeets ehildren and young women(10-40) and grows rapidly, with hypercalcemia occuring frequently. Abscence of effective treatment results in early mortality. Recently we have experienced one case of primary sma11 cell carcinoma of the ovary, which is presented with a brief review of the literature.
Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Female ; Hypercalcemia ; Mortality ; Ovary*

Abdominal pregnancy that is a life threatening variant of ectopic pregnancy, has been a rare event with high maternal mortality. It is very difficult to diagnose a abdominal pregnancy clinically. We have experienced a case of early abdominal pregnancy diagnosed at emergency laparotomy and this case was presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Emergencies ; Female ; Laparotomy ; Maternal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Abdominal* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic

PURPOSE: Following planned posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (PCCC) during cataract surgery in adults, we evaluated the clinical effects of visual acuity and prevention of posterior capsule opacity. METHODS: The clinical results were studied retrospectively by comparing 43 eyes of 43 patients who underwent cataract surgery with PCCC (the experimental group) and 46 eyes of 31 patients who underwent cataract surgery without PCCC (the control group). Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) of patients were measured. BCVA (using log MAR) and the occurrence of posterior capsule opacity were closely monitored in both groups preoperatively, two months postoperatively, and at each group's final visit (14.6 months postoperatively for the experimental group and 15.7 months for the control group). One-piece plate intraocular lens was used in cataract surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative BCVA was lower in the control group but not significantly. The 2-month mean postoperative BCVA showed improvement in vision in both the control and experimental groups. In both groups, the BCVA was decreased at the final examination compared with the 2-month postoperative BCVA, and significant differences between the two groups were not observed. Under slit lamp examination, anterior hyaloid opacity was observed in 13 of 43 eyes that underwent PCCC. The decrease in BCVA in 13 eyes with anterior hyaloid opacity was significantly different (p < 0.05) compared with the 2-month postoperative BCVA. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the effort and operation skills required for PCCC, the clinical benefits are negligible. Since cataract surgery with PCCC can cause reduced vision due to anterior hyaloid opacity, side effects should be disclosed before PCCC is performed.
Adult* ; Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Retrospective Studies ; Slit Lamp ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results and efficacy of posterior dual plating for distal shaft fractures of the humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 12 patients, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using posterior dual plating for distal shaft fractures of the humerus, between July 2007 and July 2015, with at least 6 months of follow-up. After locating the radial nerve without dissection via posterior triceps splitting, the fracture was stabilized using a short 3.5 mm locking compression plate. Then additional fixation, using a long 3.5 mm locking compression plate, was performed. The clinical outcomes were assessed in accordance with the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) scoring system, and the radiological outcomes were assessed using serial plain radiographs. RESULTS: Eleven patients (91.7%) had bony union, and the mean union period was 13.9 weeks. In one patient, delayed union was treated by autogenous iliac bone graft at 8 months after surgery, which resulted in bony union. The mean MEPI score was 95.8, and the clinical outcomes were excellent in 9 patients and good in 3 patients. Postoperative complications included 1 elbow stiffness by heterotopic ossification and 1 temporary radial nerve palsy. One patient with temporary radial nerve palsy was completely recovered within the first 4 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: Posterior dual plating for distal shaft fractures of the humerus revealed satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. It can be a useful alternative to provide stable fixation without the need for a dissection of the radial nerve.
Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Paralysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Radial Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The main issue with the current ultrasonography (US) guidelines is the overestimation of malignant and indeterminate nodules as they do not aid in making decisions to treat patients. To overcome this, new US guidelines for thyroid nodules that have been shown to be better correlated with cytologic results have been proposed. We also suggested specific indications for US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) using the new US guidelines. METHODS: Clinical and pathologic data from 925 patients and 1,419 thyroid nodules were retrospectively collected. All subjects underwent US- and US-guided FNA at Department of Surgery, Wonju Christian Hospital, between March 2010 and July 2011. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for both the current guidelines and the new guidelines. RESULTS: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the current guidelines in predicting malignancy were 24.1%, 99.3%, 62.2%, 25.0%, and 99.8%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the new guidelines in predicting malignancy were 66.0%, 96.0%, 86.7%, 47.7%, and 99.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of the new US guidelines allow for a more accurate and specific diagnosis and a better treatment plan than the current guidelines. Additionally, the use of the new FNA guidelines may help prevent unnecessary FNAs and promote cost-effective follow-up for patients.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule

No abstract available.
Dental Pulp Cavity

PURPOSE: The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents have made choosing an appropriate antibiotic more difficult. We studied changes in the antibiotic sensitivities of the causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection (UTI), in 2000 versus 2005, in order to provide useful information and to aid physicians to make better choices of adequate drugs for treating UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 5,266 uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivities in 3,346 patients who were admitted to or they had visited two tertiary hospitals located in Honam province, in 2000 versus 2005. This revealed the isolated causative organisms in the urine cultures. RESULTS: The incidence of UTI shows bimodal peaks in the first decade (22.3%) and 7th decade (18.8%). The common pathogens were E. coli (34.4%), Enterococcus (19.0%), Staphylococcus (10.2%), Pseudomonas (9.9%) and Klebsiella (9.8%). The incidence of Gram positive organisms was increased from 35.7% in 2000 to 38.1% by 2005. For the Gram negative isolates, imipenem and amikacin showed relatively higher sensitivity, while ampicillin and ciprofloxacin showed relatively lower sensitivity. For the Gram positive isolates, vancomycin and teicoplanin showed relatively higher sensitivity, while penicillin and ciprofloxacin showed relatively lower sensitivity. Significant declines for the third-generation cephalosporins' and fluoquinolones' sensitivity to E. coli and Klebsiella isolates were found. CONCLUSIONS: E. coli was the most common single organism causing UTI. We should be concerned about the increase of Gram positive organisms, especially Enterococcus. The use of TMP/SMX and nitrofurantoin as the first choices of treatment for UTI should be reconsidered. It is recommended that fluoroquinolone should be restricted because of the high antibiotic resistance and the economic aspects.
Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Ciprofloxacin ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterococcus ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Incidence ; Klebsiella ; Nitrofurantoin ; Penicillins ; Pseudomonas ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Teicoplanin ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vancomycin