OBJECTIVES: This study is to see the transition and pattern of the industrial iureal worker, and to develop the prediction model. METHODS: The data of the study are based on the samples from data-warehouse of Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute and are summed monthly from Jan 1986 to Dec 1999. This study data used data mart and Meta data from DW in KOSHA. The prediction model of the injured worker in Industry is designed by using a winters time series method after data preparing (i. e. sample, explore, modify) from DW. RESULTS: Thls predicted model obtained Winters-method multiplicative in exponential smoothing among applied all models, after the tlme series (total 163 months). It showed that the prediction power was 95.5 %. CONCLUSIONS: In the process of exploring the data, totally the rate of industrial injureal workers reduced, and in the yearly circulation, in February and September the number is the lowest but in June, July, October and November the higher. The number of monthly average injureal workers is 8709 (95 % confidence interval 8277, 9140). From the developed prediction model, since Aug 1999 the industrial injureal worker reduced rapidly in Dec 1999 and first period of 2000. But In second period of 2000 the number of the injured workers is increasing. To conclude, as the total economic situation is becoming better in 2000 than In 1999, its is supposed that the injured workers will increase more than the predictive injured workers because of the increase of production rate and labor force.
Academies and Institutes ; Data Mining* ; Employment ; Humans ; Occupational Health

Paragonimiasis is widely distributed in Far East and Southeast Asia, particularly in Korea. The centralnervous system is the most frequent location for paragonimiasis outside the lungs. We analized the computedtomographic findings of 17 cases which were diagnosed pathologically and clinically as cerebral paragonimiasis.The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of male to female was 10:7 and about 88% of cases were under the age of40 years. 2. The common location so cerebral paragonimiasis were the occipital (12 cases ) and temporal (11 cases) lobes. 3. Precontrast CT findings of cerebral paragonimiasis were low density with calcifications in 6 cases,low and isodensities in 4 cases, mixed densities in 3 cases, only low density in 2 cases and only calcification sin 2 cases. Hydrocephalus (7 cases), mass effect (6 cases), atrophic change(6 cases) and cyst formation (3 cases)were associated. 4. The shape of calcifications in CT scan were soap-bubble or ring in 6 cases, nodular or oval in6 cases, stippled in 4 cases and amorphous conglomerated in 2 cases. 5. The contrast-enhanced 8 cases were 5 ringor rim like, 2 nodular and 1 irregular enhancements, while 9 cases were not enhanced.
Asia, Southeastern ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Paragonimiasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Ultrasonograhy, it's excellent ability of differentiating cystic from solid lesion and depicting detailedarchitecture, proved itself useful in the diagnosis of thyroid pathologies. Adanced high resolution equipmentsmade hidden small lesion detected and finer structure clearly seen. They seemed to throw light on the histologicaldiagnosis of thyroid diseases, especially differentiation of benignancy and malignancy. Author reviewed picturesof high-resolution ultrasonography of thyroid disease(24 ases0 and correlated them witn proven pathologicalfindings. The results were as follows: 1. Multiplicity of lesion favors benignancy(4 cases). 2. Well definedmargin favors benignancy(14/17), while ill defined margin favors malignancy(3/4), and lesion of no margin favorsthyroiditis(3/3). 3. Surrounding halo favors benignancy(7 cases). 4. Hypoechogenicity were found in most ofmalignancy and thyroiditis. Cystic components in solid nodule were common findings in bening and malignantlesions. Calcification was not found in malignancy.
Diagnosis ; Pathology ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroiditis ; Ultrasonography

Recent studies suggest that coronary endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis may contribute to the predisposition both for coronary spasm as well as for thrombus formation. The integrity of at least one aspect of endothelial function can be assessed by the intracoronary administration of acetylcholine. Eleven(13.4%, mean age 48+13, male 11) out of 82 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction showed angiographically normal or near normal coronary arteries at 7~10 in-hospital days. Ten(91%) had history of heavy smoking and 7 patients(64%) had no history of previous angina. Anterior myocardial infarction was in 8 and inferior in 3 patients. After intracoronary administration of acetylcholine(incremental dose of 20, 50ug for the right and 20, 50, 100ug for the left), 9(82) of 11 infarct related arteries showed total or subtotal occlusion, but only in 3(17%) out of 18 non-infarct related arteries of 10 patients. Multivessel spasm was noticed in 3. Ergonovine test(graded doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg intravenously) was performed 30 minutes after completion of acetylcholine test in 5 patients. In 1 patients, acetylcholine test was positive and but ergonovine test was negative. Conclusion : 1) Eleven(13.4%) out of 82 patients with acute myocardial infarction had angiographically normal coronary arteries. 2) Ach positive responses of infarct-related arteries are more frequent(82%) than that of non-infarct related arteries(17%), suggesting that the infarction might be related to coronary artery spasm. 3) Positive Ach responses of non-infarct related arteries occurred in 30% of Patients. 4) Ach and Erg induced vasospasm developed at the same site in 5, which suggests that local hyperreactivity might be related to spasm.
Acetylcholine* ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Vessels* ; Ergonovine ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spasm* ; Thrombosis

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is less frequent than ischemic stroke, but has a high public health relevance because it can affect young and middle-age adults, has considerable mortality and morbidity, it is treatable and preventable. Despite stable incidence, the mortality of SAH has decreased in the last two decades due to better neurosurgical techniques and neurocritical care and to advances in neuroendovascular treatment. Sudden headache is the cardinal feature. Rebleeding is the most imminent danger; a first aim is therefore occlusion of the aneurysms. Complications such as vasospasm/delayed cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure, and seizures must be considered in the management of SAH. The authors reviewed the recent advances in the clinical aspects of SAH and grading system of the available evidence is included.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Brain Ischemia ; Headache ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Intracranial Pressure ; Mortality ; Public Health ; Seizures ; Stroke ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Forty-four patients were operated on functioning pituitary adenomas during 5 years since Jun. 1977 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital. Clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) The peak incidence was in the 3rd and 4th decade 21 cases were male and 23 cases were female. 2) Endocrinologic study revealed prolactinoma in 28 cases(37%), somatotropic adenoma in 13 cases(17%), corticotropic adenoma in 3 cases(4%), endocrine-inactive adenoma in 32 cases(42%). 3) MAin symptoms were endocrine symptoms(86%), headache(75%) and visual field defect(59%). 4) Seven(16%) were in the stage I(micro-adenoma), 27(61%) in the stage II, 6(14%) in the stage III, 4(9%) in the stage IV. 5) The rate of endocrinologic cure or improvement was 65% in prolactinoma and 75% in somatotropic adenoma. This result was less favorable less favorable than the result of other recent studies, but it seemed to be due to large proportion of large or invasive adenoma instead of micro-adenoma in this series. 6) In prolactinoma, 7 out of 12 patients with amenorrhea resumed menstrual cycle and 2 patients had pregnancies postoperatively. 7) The visual field defect was improved in 16 of 21 cases(76%) postoperatively.
Acromegaly ; Adenoma ; Amenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Menstrual Cycle ; Neurosurgery ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Pregnancy ; Prolactinoma ; Seoul ; Visual Fields

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potency of the nimodipine in the acute phase of cerebral ischemic stroke. Acute focal cerebral ischemia in cats was produced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery(MCA) through the transorbital approach. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups. The occlusion group was that of occlusion of MCA only. The recirculation group was that of 3 hours recirculation after acute ischemia. The treatment group was that of continuous intravenous nimodipine infusion 2 hours prior to and throughout the whole period of MCA occlusion. The combined treatment group was that of 3 hours prior to and throughout the whole period of MCA occlusion and recirculation. The sham control group was the animals with removal of orbital contents with no occlusion of MCA. Cytochrome oxidase activity(COA) and amount of lipid peroxidation(ALP) were determined. The results obtained were as follows;In the occlusion group, COA was reduced to 71.50% and ALP increased to 126.06% of the sham control value, in the recirculation group COA was reduced to 76.79% and ALP increased to 131.34% of the sham control value. In the treatment and combined treatment groups, COA were increased to 104.60% and 108.05% respectively, and ALP were decreased to 85.94% and 69.79% of the sham control values respectively. Ultrastructure of mitochondria were studied by electromiroscopy in all 5 experimental groups. The mitochondrial cristae were increased in numbers with preservation of the normal shape of mitochondria which was evident particularly in the combined treatment groups. The results are to be evaluated that nimodipine has beneficial effect in the management of acute focal ischemia of the cat model.
Animals ; Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia ; Cats ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; Ischemia ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mitochondria* ; Nimodipine* ; Orbit ; Stroke

A case of delayed progressive extradural pneumatocele after microvascular decompression (MVD) is presented. A 60-year-old male underwent MVD for hemifacial spasm; the mastoid air cell was opened and sealed with bone wax during surgery. One month after surgery, the patient complained of tinnitus, and progressive extradural pneumatoceles without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage was observed. Revision surgery was performed and the opened mastoid air cell was completely sealed with muscle patch and glue. The patient's symptoms were resolved, with no recurrence of pneumatoceles at 6 month follow up. Progressive extradural pneumatocele without CSF leakage after posterior fossa surgery is a very rare complication. Previous reports and surgical management of this rare complication are discussed.
Adhesives ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Palmitates ; Recurrence ; Tinnitus ; Waxes

The treatment of massive bone and soft tissue defect in the lower leg has a high complication rate of nonunion, chronic infection, and amputation without well-vascularized tissue coverage of the open fracture. Despite adequate free soft tissue coverage, massive skeletal defect may result in segmental bone defects, angulation deformity, and limb length discrepancies. In the last decade, major advances have occurred in the Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis in lower leg salvage as a delayed procedure or simultaneous distraction after free-tissue transfer. The authors have performed Ilizarov transport in conjunction with muscle and musculocutaneous flap coverage in nine cases of lower leg salvage. The flaps consist of rectus, gracilis, latissimus dorsi, parascapular, and serratus muscle or musculocutaneous fashioning using ipsilateral or contralateral pedicle in consideration of vessel condiation. Revision, recorticotomy and flap elevation were also used as a secondary procedure for satisfactory results. The conclusions, were as follows: 1) Multidisciplinary team approach with conjoining departments at the time of preoperative evaluation, postoperative care and rehabilitation care; 2) Muscle flap covered with split-thickness skin graft was preferred to musculocutaneous flap; 3) To reduce the total reconstructive period, simultaneous free tissue transfer with Ilizarov distraction should be considered.
Amputation ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Fractures, Open ; Ilizarov Technique ; Leg* ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Postoperative Care ; Rehabilitation ; Skin ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Transplants

Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare disease, and reports focusing on the MR imaging findings of sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma are extremely rare. Threrefore we intend to report 2 cases of histologically confirmed neuroendocrine carcinoma. A 62-year-old man and a 74-year-old man are both presented with nasal bleeding. Computed tomography(CT) images of the 2 patients showed large, ill-defined masses in sinonasal cavities with adjacent bony destructions. MR images showed masses with isosignal intensity on T1-weighted images and mixed iso- and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Postcontrast MR images showed heterogenous enhancement of masses with necrosis. Adjacent bony destructions were also noted on MR images. In both cases, peritumoral cystic lesions or mucoceles with high signal intensity on T1-weighted images were noted in sphenoid sinus. Both of the CT and MR imaging findings of the 2 patients were nonspecific which are usually seen in malignant tumor. But further study is needed for the significance of the peritumoral cystic areas adjacent the tumors.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Epistaxis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Mucocele ; Necrosis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Rare Diseases ; Sphenoid Sinus