No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

OBJECTIVE: Recently, selective termination is employed in multifetal pregnancies, in the presence of an abnormal fetus, or in the complication of twin pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effectiveness, safety of the tailored selective termination in multifetal pregnancies. METHODS: This study was retrospective and involved six cases. Indication of termination were 3 cases of structural anomalies (anencephaly, encephalocele, body stalk anomaly), 1 case of chromosomal anomaly (21 trisomy) and 2 cases of monochorionic twin complications (acardiac twin, twin to twin transfusion syndrome). RESULTS: We used KCL injection in 4 cases, they were all confirmed dichorionic twin, and in 2 cases of monochorionic twin, we used alcohol ablation of intra-abdominal umbilical artery in 1 case, and radiofrequency ablation of the cord in 1 case. CONCLUSION: All procedures were successful, and all normal infants were delivered in 3rd trimester. Tailored selective termination in 2nd trimester is effective and safe in abnormal multifetal pregnancies.
Catheter Ablation ; Encephalocele ; Female ; Fetofetal Transfusion ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Retrospective Studies ; Umbilical Arteries

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate characteristic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of granulocytic sarcomas of the head and neck. METHODS: The CT (n=11) and MR (n=1) images obtained from 11 patients (7 males and 4 females; mean age, 23.5 yr; age range, 1 to 69 yr) with histologically-proven granulocytic sarcomas of the head and neck were retrospectively reviewed. Histological confirmation was done by bone marrow biopsy in 9 patients, and/or local biopsy in 4 patients. The imaging findings were analyzed with particular attention to location, size, shape, margin, bone destruction, internal architecture, pattern and degree of enhancement, and multiplicity of the lesions. RESULTS: The masses were most commonly located in the orbital cavity (n=8); other locations included lymph nodes (n=5) and palatine/pharyngeal/lingual tonsils (n=3). The mass sizes varied from a mean diameter of 1.3 to 5.8 cm (average, 2.6 cm). Multiple lesions were found in 6 patients. The shapes of the tumors were ovoid in 12 patients and irregular in 4 patients. Most lesions had poorly-defined margins (13/16) and invaded adjacent bony structures (5/16). On the pre-contrast CT images, the masses were iso- (5/8) or low-density (3/8) in comparison with muscle. The MRI, which was obtained in one patient in this study, showed that the mass was iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted images and iso-signal intensity on T2-weighted images compared to the gray matter of the brain. On the post-contrast CT images, there was homogenesous (n=12) or heterogeneous (n=4) enhancement, with mild (n=10), moderate (n=4), and marked (n=2) enhancement in the solid portions of the lesions. CONCLUSION: Although rare, granulocytic sarcomas arise in various locations in the head and neck area (most commonly in the orbit) in the form of well-demarcated, and mildly- and homogenously-enhancing masses with adjacent bony invasion.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Head ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Muscles ; Neck ; Orbit ; Palatine Tonsil ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Myeloid

No abstract available.
Douglas' Pouch* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome are both rapidly increasing in Koreans due to the new westernized eating habits and the aging of the population. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflects arterial stiffness and it may be used as an indicator of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate the association of the PWV with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Among 1438 persons who visited the Internal Medicine Clinic or Health Center of a general hospital in Seoul, Korea, 384 adults (age range: 30-69 years old) were selected as study subjects. Those patients with cardiovascular disease or other systemic disease were excluded, but the patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus were included. Ninety four (25.4%) subjects were classified as patients with metabolic syndrome when jointly applying the WHO Asia-Pacific criteria and NCEP ATPIII criteria. RESULTS: The PWV was higher in the older aged group and in the men compared to the other group. The greater the number of diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome subjects had, the higher was their PWV. After adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, BMI and fasting blood glucose, a PWV change of 1.0 m/sec increased the risk of metabolic syndrome by 1.31 times (95% CI: 0.81-2.09). The risk of metabolic syndrome was 7.62 times higher among the subjects with a PWV greater than 7.5 m/sec (95% CI: 1.07-54.42), as compared with that of subjects with a PWV less than 7.5 m/sec. CONCLUSIONS: The PWV may independently increase the risk of metabolic syndrome as a non-linear pattern. A prospective study needs to be conducted to confirm the meaning of PWV as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, and especially to determine the cut off point.
Adult ; Aging ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Eating ; Fasting ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Pulse Wave Analysis* ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Vascular Stiffness

Lung adenocarcinoma is the cancer originated in terminal bronchiole or alveolar epithelium and its incidence is on the increase. The most common radiologic pattern of lung adenocarcinoma is peripheral nodule or mass, but it can be showed various findings such as hilar mass, consolidation, atelectasis or multicentric lesions. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate lung adenocarcinoma from other diseases, especially pneumonia. We experienced three patients with lung adenocarcinoma, just only presented as pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray and CT scan. The clinician should consider seriously lung adenocarcinoma including bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in patients who did not respond to antibiotics. And in such cases, pathologic diagnosis must be perfomed at proper time to confirm disease.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bronchioles ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung* ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: We undertook this study to evaluate the usefullness of radiologic placement of subcutaneous infusion ports (SIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 1999 and May 2000 we performed 45 implantations of SIP in radiologic suite. Both sonography and fluoroscopy were used for venipuncture and to guide port insertion. We prospectively evaluated 45 systems in 45 patients with solid tumors. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 189 days (61~352 days). Technical success rate is 100% without any venipuncture-related complications. Early complication rate within 30 days of procedure was 4.4%, including wound dehiscence (n=1) and pocket hematoma and local infection (n=1). Catheter-related infection rate was 6.7% and catheter-related venous thrombosis rate was 4.4%. Mean duration of catheter use was 208 96 days (total, 9,381 days). Overall port survival rate was 38.5%, and four systems (8.9%) were prematurely removed because of catheter tunnel infection (n=1), pocket infection (n=1), and central venous thrombosis (n=2). CONCLUSION: Radiologic placement of SIP had higher success rate and equal or lower complication rate compared with reported conventional surgical technique using anatomical landmarks. Moreover, clinical convenience, resulting from ease of scheduling could make it replace surgical method.
Catheter-Related Infections ; Catheters ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Infusions, Subcutaneous* ; Phlebotomy ; Prospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Venous Thrombosis ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Although thymomas are relatively common mediastinal tumors, to date not only has a universal system of pathologic classification not been established but neither has a clearly defined predictable relationship between treatment and prognosis been made. Recently, a new guideline for classification was reported by WHO, and efforts, based on this work, have been made to better define the relationship between treatment and prognostic outcome. In the present study a comparative analysis between the WHO classification and Masaoka stage system with the clinical disease pattern was conducted. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 98 patients undergoing complete resection for mediastinal thymoma between Juanuary 1993 and June 2003 were included in the present study. The male female ratio was 48:50 and the mean age at operation was 49.6+/-13.9 years. A retrospective analytic comparison studying the relationship between the WHO classification and the Masaoka stage system with the clinical disease pattern of thymoma was conducted. Pathologic slide specimens were carefully examined, details of postoperative treatment were documented, and a relationship with the prognostic outcome and recurrence was studied. RESULT: There were 7 patients in type A according to the WHO system of classification, 14 in AB, 28 in B1, 23 in B2, 18 in B3, and 9 in type C. The study of the relationship between the Masaoka stage and WHO classification system showed 4 patients to be in WHO system type A, 7 in type AB, 22 in B1, 17 in B2, and 3 in type B3 among 53 (54%) patients shown to be in Masaoka stage I. Among 28 (28.5%) patients in Masaoka stage II system, there were 2 patients in type A, 7 in AB, 4 in B1, 2 in B2, 8 in B3, and 5 in type C. Among 15 (15.3%) in Masaoka stage III, there were 1 patient in type B1, 3 in B2, 7 in B3, and 4 in type C. Finally, among 2 (2%) patients found to be in Masaoka stage IV there was 1 patient in type B1, and 1 in type B2. The mean follow up duration was 28+/-6.8 months. There were 3 deaths in the entire series of which 2 were in type B2 (Masaoka stages III and IV), and 1 was in type C (Masaoka stage II). Of the patients that experienced relapse, 6 patients remain alive of which 2 were in type B2 (Masaoka III), 2 in type B3 (Masaoka I and III) and 2 in type C (Masaoka stage II). The 5 year survival rate by the Kaplan-Meier method was 90% for those in type B2 WHO classification system, 87.5% for type C. The 5 year freedom from recurrence rate was 80.7% for those in WHO type B2, 81.6% for those in type B3, and 50% for those in type C. By the Log-Rank method, a statistically significant correlation between survival and recurrence was found with the WHO system of classification (p<0.05). An analysis of the relationship between the WHO classification and Masaoka stage system using the Spearman correction method, showed a slope=0.401 (p=0.023), showing a close correlation. CONCLUSION: As type C of the WHO classification system is associated with a high postoperative mortality and recurrence rate, aggressive treatment postoperatively and meticulous follow up are warranted. The WHO classification and Masaoka stage system were found to have a close relationship with each other and either the WHO classification method or the Masaoka stage system may be used as a predict prognostic outcome of Thymoma.
Classification* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freedom ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thymoma*

Candida albicans as being ubiquitous human commensals produce a broad range infections depending on host immunity and its virulency, ranging from usually local mucous membrane infection to disseminated fatal candidiasis with multisystem organ failure. Recently, candidiasis of deep organ are an increasingly important nosocomial infection. Candida lung abscess is rare relatively. Most commonly, it has been stated that they are found accompanied by hematogenously disseminated candidiasis particularly in immuno- suppressed patient. Primary lung abscess caused by C. albicans has been reported in less then 15 case in worldwide, and therapeutic guideline is poorly defined. We experienced a case of a primary lung abscess by C. albicans which may developed after aspiration of oropharyngeal contents as the mechanism of entry in a malnourished elderly patient and which was treated successfully with drainage of the abscess following by administration of fluconazole for 4 weeks. Herein we report the case with a review of the literature.
Abscess ; Aged ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Candidiasis ; Cross Infection ; Drainage ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Lung Abscess* ; Lung* ; Malnutrition ; Mucous Membrane