Forty two high risk low birth weight infants who had been admitted in neonatal intensive care unit at Yongdong Severance Hospital from August 1987 to July 1990 and followed up in the high risk infants follow-up clinic were studied for evaluation of their development using the Bayley develop-mental test at the age of 9 month(corrected age). The results obtaincd were as follows: 1) Their Mental Developmental Index(MDI)and Psychomotor Developmental Index(PDD)were 99.4+/-12.8 and 101.8+/-16.6 MDI and PDI in birth weight 1000~1500 gm group were 95.3+/-9.8 and 99.3+/-14.3 and the indexes in birth weight 1500~2500gm group were 102.2+/-14.3 and 103.5+/-17.9. 2) There is no statistical significant relationship between the results of Bayley scales and birth weight, cranial ultrasonographic finding, APGAR score, ventilator care and neonatal seizure. However, the MDI was significantly lower in small for gestational age group than appropriate gestational age group. 3) The body weight, height and head circumference measured at the age of 9 month, at the same time when Baylcy developmcntal test was performed, were 45.0+/-29.6, 40.2+/-25.7 and 46.2+/-26.8percentile of Korean Pediatric Growth Standard(1985).
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Seizures ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Weights and Measures

Ultrasonograhy, it's excellent ability of differentiating cystic from solid lesion and depicting detailedarchitecture, proved itself useful in the diagnosis of thyroid pathologies. Adanced high resolution equipmentsmade hidden small lesion detected and finer structure clearly seen. They seemed to throw light on the histologicaldiagnosis of thyroid diseases, especially differentiation of benignancy and malignancy. Author reviewed picturesof high-resolution ultrasonography of thyroid disease(24 ases0 and correlated them witn proven pathologicalfindings. The results were as follows: 1. Multiplicity of lesion favors benignancy(4 cases). 2. Well definedmargin favors benignancy(14/17), while ill defined margin favors malignancy(3/4), and lesion of no margin favorsthyroiditis(3/3). 3. Surrounding halo favors benignancy(7 cases). 4. Hypoechogenicity were found in most ofmalignancy and thyroiditis. Cystic components in solid nodule were common findings in bening and malignantlesions. Calcification was not found in malignancy.
Diagnosis ; Pathology ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroiditis ; Ultrasonography

Examining the eye with high resolution ultrasonography, authors encountered 34 cases(41 eyeballs) of cataractand found out its characteristic ultrasonographic findings, though cataract is easily recognized by physician oninspection. Ultrasonographic findings of cataract were as follows; 1. Thickening of lens due to edema. 2.Demonstration of lens echo in whole circumference. 3. Multiple internal lens echo.
Cataract ; Edema ; Ultrasonography

In recent years there has been a tendency to abandon repeat cerebral angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) if the initial angiogram is normal because prognosis is said to be excellent. Our experiences does not support such a conclusion. In 291 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), four vessel cerebral angiography was performed to investigate a source of the hemorrhage. The first four vessel study on admission revealed 234 cases(80.4%) of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Fifty-five of 291 patients with primary subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) did not show vascular lesion in initial pan-angiography studies. In order to define the benefit of control angiography these patients were reviewed. Among 41 patients who underwent repeat angiography, a second angiography showed an aneurysm in 24(58.5%). Twelve of the twenty-four cases had aneurysms in the anterior communicating artery. But the age, sex, initial clinical grade and CT grade of patients with aneurysm in repeat angiography were indistinguishable from thoses of patients without aneurysm. Even in the patients who showed angiographic vasospasm in intial angiography, probability of revealing an aneurysm was not different from those without spasm. We conclude that repeat angiography is necessary in the cases of SAH with normal initial angiogram regardless of the CT findings and the presence of vasospasm.
Aneurysm ; Angiography* ; Arteries ; Cerebral Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Prognosis ; Spasm ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Atrial natriuretic factor(ANF) is a diuretic natriuretic peptide hormone produced by both the heart and brain. It has been postulated to play a role in the hemodynamic and sodium instability that frequently follows subaracthnoid hemorrhage(SAH). Electrocardiographic(EKG) abnormalities is known to occur frenquently after cerebrovascular accident, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relation between the changes of ANF and EKG findings and clinical findings. Thirty-five nonselected patients with SAH were followed with serial measurements of plasma ANF, plasma antidiuretic hormone(ADH), serum sodium, serum osmolarity, and electrocardiography(EKG) at 2nd, 5th, and 7th day after hemorrhage. Mean plasma ANF values at 2nd, 5th, and 7th day of hemorrhage were 202.3+/-109.6 pg/ml, 134.6+/-83.5 pg/ml, and 123.3+/-69.9 pg/ml, respectively. Mean plasma ADH values were within normal limits(3.2-4.4 pg/ml). At a later stage, 9 patients showed hyponatremia and hypoosmolarity, among whom 8 patients had elevated ANF and 1 patient elevated ADH. The delayed and persistent rise of plasma ANF was correlated with the development of hyponatremia. One or more EKG abnormalities were found in 13 patients. Mean ANF values of patients with normal EKG(131.8+/-48.7 pg/ml) were significantly different from those with abnormal EKG(272.2+/-107.5 pg/ml). The changes of plasma ANF appeared unrelated to age, sex, clinical grade, CT grade, and bleeding site. The results of this study indicate that elevated plasma ANF is closely related with electrophysiological changes of myocardium and that the transitory myocardial ischemia might be the source of plasma ANF sfter SAH.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor* ; Brain ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Osmolar Concentration ; Plasma ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium ; Stroke ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Crossed renal ectopia is a congenital malformation in which both kidneys lie on the same side of the spine, usually side by side longitudinally. More often on the right side. Fusion of the two renal units is eight times more common than nonfusion. Although crossed renal ectopia is uncommon, this unusual entity must be considered in an infant when cystic mass in the abdomen or pelvis paticularly if no kidney can be found on the opposite side. In many cases of crossed fused ectopia with multicystic dysplastic kidney(MCDK), the diagnosis can be strongly suspected from the sonogram, and no other studies may be necessary. However, both intravenous urography and isotope renography is useful to assess the function of the crossed kidney. Crossed renal ectopia and MCDKs are associated with a greater incidence of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and reflux. So, screening voiding cystourethrography should be performed. Very few studies of MCDK in the setting of crossed fused ectopia have been reported. We have experienced a 3-year-old boy with crossed fused renal ectopia with multicystic dysplasia.
Abdomen ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Kidney ; Mass Screening ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Pelvis ; Preschool Child ; Radioisotope Renography ; Spine ; Urography

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

Brucellosis is one of the zoonoses, and it is a disease that is almost eliminated in South Korea. This disease is also known as a representative disease of one health. We would like to introduce brucellosis found by one health in this study. One Health means an approach in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to achieve better public health outcomes. The Gyeongbuk Agricultural Safety and Health Center established a cooperation system between a Veterinary Service Laboratory and a Public Health Center, and found a case of human brucellosis in a farm with cattle brucellosis. Through this case, to be effective control of zoonoses as above case, epidemiological investigation for cattle and human should be concurrently conducted. And we once again recognized the need for multi-sectoral cooperation in prevention and management of zoonoses.
Agriculture ; Animals ; Brucellosis ; Cattle ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Public Health ; Zoonoses

Excitatory amino acids play a crucial role in the initiation of various pathophysiological events that ultimately lead to neuronal death during cerebral ischemia. Nitric oxide(NO) is an important messenger molecule which has been implicated in various physiological functions in periphery as well as central nervous system. This study was designed to examine the neuroprotective effects of NO synthase inhibitor in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Halothane-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent one hour of right middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion and three hours of reperfusion after they were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME:10mg/kg, n=10 in each group) before and during the ischemic procedure or L-NAME plus L-arginine(300mg, n=10) and control group which received the equal volume of diluent(saline 3 mg/kg/hr, n=10). Continuous monitoring of blood pressure was made and serial cerebral blood flow(CBF) measurements were performed by hydrogen clearence and ischemic injury volume was calculated by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. CBF decreased to the nearly same extent as the initial MCA occlusion and progressively recovered during ischemia. There were no difference between those groups that received L-NAME and those that did not. Injured volume of ischemic brains in L-NAME treated groups before and during MCA occlusion(mean 55+/-16%) were smaller than saline(81+/-9%) or L-NAME with L-Arginine treated groups(83+/-24%) in caudate area but there were no differences in the cerebral cortex area(p<0.05). These data indicated that inhibition of NO synthase by L-NAME protected the transient focal ischemic injury in caudate region and were not correlated to the CBF or blood pressure changes.
Adult ; Animals ; Arginine ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Ischemia ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion*

Hyperglycemia has been reported to worsen the tolerance of the brain to ischemia, and it has therefore been recommended that patient undergoing neurosurgical procedures not receive glucose-containing solutions. Since ischemic events lead to increased lactate production and accumulation and hence neuronal damage, the present study was designed to test the effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and decreased lactate by 2-Deoxyglucose and Dichloroacetate on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Although the pre and post-ischemic blood glucose levels of control group and Dichloroacetate group showed no change, the blood glucose level of 2-Deoxyglucose group showed a significant increase(p=0.001), and insulim group a significant decrease(p=0.004). The reducing effects on the infarct zone in these three treated groups were found with statistical significance. As compared with control group, the tissue lactate levels of treated groups were decreased in both infarct zone and border zone but these data did not show statistical significance. From these observations, it is suggested that reduction of lactate production and accumulation could be beneficial by affording neuronal protection in ischemic tissues.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Deoxyglucose* ; Dichloroacetic Acid* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin* ; Ischemia ; Lactic Acid ; Neurons ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Rats*