No abstract available.

The positive rate for serum anti-Hbs was analized among 424 0f HA vaccinated and 2035 of non-vaccinated cases at the Yeungnam University Hospital, Computed Automated Med-screening Center. Most of them from Kyungbook province and they had the last HB vaccination in the periods of 3 to 42months prior to this study. The followings were obtained. 1. The positive rates for serum HBsAg were 0.7% in the vaccinees, 9.6% in the non-vaccinated and 8.0% in the whole cases. 2. The positive rates for serum ant-HBs were 66.3% in the vaccinees, 47.9% in the non-vaccinated and 51.6% in the whole cases. 3. The positive rates for serum anti-HBs were 51.4% in the cases with one time of vaccination and 68.6% in the cases with two times of vaccination. On the vasis of these findings the positive rate for serum anti-HBs among the vaccines was significantly higher than of non-vaccinated (P<0.05). The positive rate for serum anti-HBs shortly after vaccination was higher than that of present our study which was made relatively long period after vaccination. As the reason a natural decrease of the titers of the serum anti-HBs can be postulated as one of the contributing factors for the discrepancy. In order to keep to serum antibody of perfect protectivity against HBV, it may be better to check the serum anti-HBs just vaccination, follow up and take booster injection when it is needed.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Vaccination* ; Vaccines

In recent years, an increasing number of drugs have been reported to cause direct esophageal damage. More than 30 cases on tetracyclines induced esophageal ulcer have been reported since the first description of tetracycline induced esophageal ulcer by Bokey and Hugh in 1975. In Korea, only one case of doxycycline-unduced esophageal ulcer has been reported. Authors have experienced 3 cases of esophageal ulcer probably caused by tetracyclines. The patients had taken their capsules just before going to bed with little fluid intake. About 6-8 hours later they had felt substernal burning sensation and epigastric discomfort. Gastrofiberscopy revealed relatively well demarcated circular ulcers on the mid esophagus. An esophagogram showed no apparent abnormality. Patients's symptoms became negligible with antacid treatment within 2-5 days. One of the causes of the esophageal ulcer is thought to be the delay in transit time of drugs and direct esophageal damage from mucosal contact when tablets are ingested in the recumbent position without an accompanying proper quantity of fluid. If only physicians endow patients with more concern about drug induced esophageal ulcer, they could find out more increasing number of drug induced esophageal ulcers by gastroscopic examination and thereby could prevent tetracycline induced esophageal ulcer.
Burns ; Capsules ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Korea ; Sensation ; Tablets ; Tetracycline ; Tetracyclines* ; Ulcer*

7 cases of acute gastric Anisakiasis have been reviewed at the Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital from March, 1983 to December 1986. 1. Of 7 cases, the ratio of male and female was 3:4 and the age 30s occupied most (5 cases) the 50s' followed (2 cases). 2. Chief complains were in order of epigastric pain (6 cases), vomiting (3 cases), Nause (2 cases), Ulticaria (1 case) & epigastric fulling sensation (1 case). 3. In all 7 cases, the causative fish in astroconcer myriaster. 4. The onset of symptoms was observed within 5 to 7 hours after eating the causative raw fish. 5. Gastrofiberscopic exam was undergo within 48 hours since onset of symptoms. 6. The gastrofiberscopic findings were gastric mucosal edema and redness in all 7 cases. One case also had mucosal erosion. The involved sites of the stomach were in frequency of order, the body (5 cases), the antrum (2 cases). 7. The symptoms of the patients relieved spontaneously without medical treatment after the extraction of the larva with biopsy forcep during gastrofiberscopy. 8. In Korea, many people take raw fish and there may be many patients of Anisakiasis so if much concern and careful observation are paid to whom with severe cramping epigastric pain after taking of raw marine fish in about 10 hours, we could find out and confirm more patients suffering from Anisakiasis by immediate endoscopic gastrofiberscopy.
Anisakiasis* ; Biopsy ; Eating ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Larva ; Male ; Muscle Cramp ; Sensation ; Stomach ; Surgical Instruments ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women*

PURPOSE: Nitric oxide(NO) is a highly reactive messenger molecule that is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in a number of tissues including the brain. Our aim was to examine the possible role of NO on pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure in rats as a proconvulsant or an anticonvulsant. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-300g were used. PTZ(40mg/kg) was used to induce seizure. In order to examine the role of NO in seizures, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was blocked by a specific inhibitor, 50mg/kg 7-nitroindazole(7-NI), and a non-specific inhibitor, 50mg/kg L-nitroarginine(L-NA). Both 7-NI and L-NA were administered 30 min before the administration of PTZ. We evaluated the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk and the nature of seizures, such as the types and severity of the seizures in each group. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of nNOS mRNA and proteins in the hippocampus of each group. RESULTS: The onset time of the first rnyoclonic jerk was markedly delayed in the 7-NI and L-NA pretreated groups in comparison to the PTZ group. In addition, 7-NI and L-NA markedly sup- pressed the severity of PTZ-induced seizure. The expression of nNOS mRNA was higher in the PTZ and 7-NI pretreated groups than in the control group. The expression of nNOS protein was more suppressed in the 7-NI and L-NA pretreated groups than in the PTZ group. CONCLUSION: The expression of nNOS protein appears to increase in PTZ-induced seizures. Both specific and non-specific NOS inhibitors produce a reduction in seizure activity and nNOS protein expression. These results suggest that nNOS may be in a close relationship with seizures, and NO may play an important role as a proconvulsant in the PTZ-induced seizure in rats.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Myoclonus ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger ; Seizures*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA, Complementary* ; Leptin* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Leptin*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans

Objective: To provide updates on maternal, infant, and perinatal mortality using the national population data of South Korea between 2009 and 2017 and describe the mortality rate by target groups, timing, or causes of events to provide a basis for detecting vulnerable populations and ensuring timely medical and political interventions. Methods: Pregnancy-related mortality in women, as well as deaths of infants, in South Korea was identified using population data from Statistics Korea. Records from death certificates, cremation reports on infant and fetal deaths, and the complementary cause-of-death investigation system were reviewed for the 2009–2017 period. Results: A total of 461 maternal deaths, 11,717 infant deaths, and 12,249 perinatal deaths, including fetal deaths over 28 gestational weeks, were identified from 3,945,159 live births between 2009 and 2017. The maternal mortality ratio was 13.5 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2009 and decreased to 7.8 in 2017. Only the rate of deaths related to hypertensive disorders showed an increasing tendency. Both the infant and perinatal mortality rates improved (from 3.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2009 to 2.8 in 2017 and from 3.5 to 2.7, respectively). Among the external causes of infant mortality, assaults including homicides accounted for 25% (n=150), and this proportion was constant throughout the study period. Conclusion Overall improvements were observed in all maternal, infant, and perinatal mortality measures. In-depth analysis and interventions with respect to certain causes, such as hypertensive disorders in mothers or assaults in infants, should be considered priority issues.