No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels*

No abstract available.
Acidosis* ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Umbilical Arteries*

No abstract available.
Aorta, Thoracic* ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional*

Bacterial infection has been implicated in premature labor in human. But it is impossible to undergo human study of bacteria-induced preterm delivery. If we carry out animal experiment which simulate human preterm delivery induced by bacteria, studies for mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of preterm delivery will be progressed rapidly. To elucidate mechanisms and potential intervention strategies in preterm pregnancy loss, we observed bacteria-induced preterm labor and the protecting effect of administration of antibiotics with hysteroscopy-guided intracervical inoculation of Escherichia coli. Sterile saline solution(group I, n=5) or 2x10(7)cfu (colony-forming units) of E. coli bilaterally in the cervix of pregnant New Zealand White rabbits on day 20 or 21(70% of gestation) by hysteroscopy was inoculated and rabbits were assinged to ampicillin-sulbactam therapy beginning at 0hr(group II, n=4), 2 hr(group III, n=4), 4 hr(group IV, n=2), and 16 hr(group V, n=2) after inoculation with E. coli, or to no antibiotic therapy(group VI, n=3). Unasyn(ampicillin-sulbactam) was used and its daily dosage was 100 mg/kg/day. The occurrence of vaginal bleeding or preterm birth was observed every two hours. If one rabbit fetus was found to be delivered, exploratory laparotomy was done. Amniotic fluid culture on each sac, decidual culture on each uterine cavity, and pathologic examinations on each placenta were done. The results of experiments are as follows. In control group(0.2cc sterile saline inoculation only), there was no preterm labor and no bacterial growth in culture. In all three rabbits in group VI, preterm delivery occurred and the culture results were all positive in maternal blood, decidua, and amniotic sacs. Preterm delivery also occurred in group V, but results of maternal blood culture were all negative. Increased trend in the occurrence of preterm delivery was statistically significant in the order(p < 0.05) : group I(0/5), group II(0/4), group III(0/4), group IV(0/2), group V(2/2), and group VI(3/3). Pregnancy outcomes on the basis of the number of living fetus, dead fetus, and macerated fetus, have significant trend in the above order. Amniotic fluid culture results also had significant relationship(p < 0.05) : group I(0.20), group II(20/26), group III(18/30), group IV(10/11), and group VI(7/7). In group V, amniotic fluid fail to be obtained due to severe oligohydramnios. Decidual culture results also had an increased trend; group I(0/32), group II(21/29), group III(20/30), gorup IV(16/16), gorup V(11/11), and group VI(25/25). It is statistically significant(p < 0.05) Incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis was also significantly increased from group I to VI. These results indicate that E. coli inoculation has induced preterm delivery and antibiotic therapy has somewhat prevented preterm birth, amniotic fluid infection, decidual infection, and histologic chorioamnionits. Antibiotic effects were attenuated in cases of delayed antibiotic administration.
Amniotic Fluid ; Animal Experimentation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Cervix Uteri ; Chorioamnionitis ; Decidua ; Diagnosis ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Models, Animal ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Oligohydramnios ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth ; Prognosis* ; Rabbits ; Uterine Hemorrhage

The superior volume maintenance of membranous over endochondral bone grafts, which was shown in several studies has provided the basis for its preferred clinical use as an onlay grafting material on the craniofacial skeleton. The scientific rationale for this seeming embryological advantage, however, has never been proven, Since the cortical component of membranous bone is proportionally greater than that of endochondral bone, it follows that membranous grafts would show greater volume maintenance over time. Our hypothesis is that the pattern of onlay bone graft resorption is primarily determined by a graft's micro-architecture (relative cortical and cancellous composition) rather than its embryololgical origin(membranous versus endochondral). Fourty adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. There were 8 animals in each of 4 groups. The rabbits of each group were sacrificed at 3, 8, and 16 weeks. Four types of grafts were placed subperosteally, onto each rabbit's cranium: a hydroxyapatite, a cortical bone graft of membranous origin, a cortical bone graft of endochondral origin and a cancellous bone graft of endochondral origin. Membranous bone grafts were obtained from the lateral mandible and endochondral bone grafts were obtained from the ileum. In order to determine post-sacrifice volume and density of the bone grafts, a caliper technique and bone densitometry(bone densitometer: LUNAR, DPX-L, U.S.A.) were performed on all of the bone grafts. Bone graft specimens were histologically examined at 3, 8, and 16 weeks.The measurement of volume and density show that there is a statistically greater resumption in the cancellous endochondral bone grafts for all parameter, compared to either the endochondral or membranous cortical bone grafts or hydroxyapatite at all time points(p< 0.05). In addition, there is no significant difference in the resorption rates between the endochondral and membranous cortical bone grafts for all parameters at all time points. By placing cortical bone grafts and cancellous bone grafts on the recipient sites separately, we have shown that the former grafts maintain their volumes, widths and projections significantly better than the latter grafts. Futhermore, we found no statistical difference in resorption rates between the two cortical bone grafts of different embryologic origins, a finding which has never been previously shown. Bone volume fraction, measured with bone densitometry, was shown to be higher in cortical bone than in cancellous bone at all time points, further illustrating the differences between cortical and cancellous bone.From our results, we believe cortical bone to be a superior onlay-graftiong material, independent of its embryololgic origin.
Adult ; Animals ; Biological Factors* ; Densitometry ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Ileum ; Inlays* ; Mandible ; Rabbits ; Skeleton* ; Skull ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to better understand the pattern and nature of reverse redistribution (RR) in myocardial perfusion imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In consecutive 20 acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients, frequency of RR was correlated with that of subendocardial MI that was detected by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). RR was judged to be present when there was more than one grade of worsening in perfusion at 24 hr delayed images compared with the initial rest images. MCE evaluated the significant lack of opacification in the subendocardial myocardium relative to the subepi-cardial myocardium to suggest the subendocardial MI. Kendall's nonparametric correlation coefficiency was calculated. RESULTS: Concordant cases were 15 of 20 (75%) and correlation was statistically significant (p=0.0285). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that RR was correlated with MCE-detected nontransmural MI.
Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Myocardium ; Perfusion

No abstract available.
Fluoroimmunoassay* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques*

Progressive Muscular Dystrophy is a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of muscules. The etiology of muscular dystrophy is unknown, and no from of pharmacological treatment is considered effective. We report 2 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy occuring in a family, which were diagnosed by clinical findings, serum enzyme study and electromyography.
Electromyography ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophies

Deformities of the leg and ankle may result from growth abnormalities of the tibia and fibula. The appearance of the secondary ossification center and growth plate closure of the tibial and fibular epiphyses, and the pattern of closure of the epiphyses, were observed in a different age. Normal radiographs were reviewed in one hundred and fifty patients at age from two days after birth to 20 years, who were injured on the contralateral leg, at Wonju Medical College, Yonsei University from Feb., 1980 to May, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The time of the appearance of secondary ossification center and the closure of growth plates; The proximal tibial epiphysis usually forms secondary ossification center at birth to second postnatal months, the physeal closure occurs from 13 year and 11 months to 18 year 3 months in male, from 13 year 4 months to 15 year 5 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the distal tibial epiphysis appears from 8th postnatal months to one year, and physeal closure occurs from 15 years to 17 year and 4 months in male, from 15 year 2 months to 16 year 8 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the tibial tuberosity appears from 9 year 3month to 12 year 2 months, and closure occurs from 16 year 3 months to 18 year 7 months inmale, from 14 year 10 months to 19 year 1 months in female. The proximal fibular epiphysis forms secondary ossification center from 2 year 5 months to 5 year 4 months, closure occurs from 15year 8 months to 17 year 4 months in male, from 14 year 9 months to 16 year 9 months in female. The secondary ossification center of the distal fibular epiphysis appears from 2 year 5 months to 3rd years, and closure occurs from 13 year 11 months to 17 year 6 months in male, from 13 year 4 months to 16 year 7 months in female. 2. The growth and the pattern of the closure of growth plates of the tibia; The proximal tibial epiphysis is elliptic for the first 3 years of life. The epiphysis is slightly conical centrally as it extends toward the tibial spines, and becomes more prominent from 8 years to adolescence. The closure of the proximal tibial growth plate occurs initially along the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and tibial tuberosity during 12 years and proceeds posterolaterally. Complete closure of the proximal tibial physis occurs about from 13 years to 18 years. The secondary ossification center of the distal tibial epiphysis is oval in shape initially, becomes thicken medially by 3rd year of life, then the tibial plafond is valgoid, and becomes horizontal at age 10 approximately. The distal epiphysis of tibia unites first at about 13 years, starting centrally and proceeding toward anteromedial portion. And the posterolateral portion unites finally by about 15 to 17 years. The tibial tuberosity develops a secondary ossification center by 7 to 9 years, usually in the most distal region, and gradually elongates and extends toward the secondary ossification center of the proximal tibia.From about 12 years, the tuberosity epiphyseal center fuses with the proximal tibial center, and the fusion with the tibial metaphysis extends distally, the tuberosity physis closes completely from about 15 to 19 years. 3. The growth and development of the tibia, fibula and ankle; The growth of the proximal tibial and the distal fibular epiphyses play an important role of the growth rate in lower extremities unber ten years. The distal tibial growth plate inclines laterally and distally prior to the first year of life, the inclination is on the decrease and it finally horizontal at about 12 years. The distal tibia talus angle is about 90° prior to the age one year, becomes mildly valgoid by 12 years.
Adolescent ; Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Fibula ; Gangwon-do ; Growth and Development ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Parturition ; Spine ; Talus ; Tibia