The orbitozygomatic area occupies a key anatomic position in midface, is prone to injury, and plays a prominent role in facial aesthetics. So the facial appearance including orbital shape can be altered by complications of orbitozygomatic fractures. Most possible initial complications include blindness, hyphema, retinal detatchment, and paralysis or entrapment of extraocular muscles. Long term sequelaes include infraorbital nerve dysfunction, loss of malar projection, enophthalmos, and dystopia. Accurate anatomic reduction and rigid fixation is essential for management of orbitozygomatic fractures to minimize those late sequelaes. Conventional fixation devices to fix displaced fracture of facial bone are interosseous wire and miniplate. But interosseous wirings are unstable for primary bone healing and time consuming. Miniplates have great deal in rigid fixation but their high profile and palpability are the main complaints in many patients, especially in orbital rim area. In this article, we reviewed the 30 cases of zygomamaxilla complex fractures with orbital rim fracture fixed with microplates, and discussed the stability of microplate and superiorities in final aesthetics result. The use of microplates in these area permits enough stability of fracture segment with ease of procedures and superiorities in final results without any palpability.
Blindness ; Enophthalmos ; Esthetics ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Muscles ; Orbit* ; Paralysis ; Retinaldehyde

We herein describe a case of a 55-year-old healthy woman with localized primary thymic amyloidosis presented as a mediastinal mass, found incidentally by chest radiography. Computed tomography revealed a 4.1 cm soft tissue lesion with nodular calcification in the left anterior mediastinum. The resected specimen was a well-defined lobulating mass with calcification. Microscopically, the mass was consisted of amorphous eosinophilc hyalinized substances involving the thymus and intrathymic lymph nodes. These eosinophilic substances showed apple-green bi-refringence under polarized light after staining with Congo red. In immunohistochemical study, they were positive for kappa and lambda light chains and negative for amyloid A. There was no evidence of systemic amyloidosis in clinical investigations. A final diagnosis of localized primary thymic amyloidosis was made.
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis ; Congo Red ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Light ; Lymph Nodes ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Thorax ; Thymoma ; Thymus Gland

BACKGROUND: Although it is known that patients wth peripheral vascular disease are at high risk for coronary arterial disease, however, it has not been determined that patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) correlates with peripheral vascular disease(PVD). This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of peripheral vascular disease(PVD) in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD). METHODS: A total of one hundred seventy-eight patients with CAD confirmed by coronary angiogram(145 male, age 58.5+/-10.1) were included in this study from February 1992 to May 1994. Coronary and peripheral angiograms were performed in all patients and the patients were divided into two groups; patients with PVD dand patients without PVD. Clinical characteristics were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Peripheral vascular disease was present in 49 patients(27.5%) among 178 CAD patients. The mean age of patients with PVD was significantly older than that of patients without PVD. The hypertension was statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). There were no major differences in the number of risk factors or number of stenotic coronary arteries in patients with and without PVD. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PVD in patients with CAD was high and it is reasonable to state that most common risk factors for coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis were age, hypertension and obesity.
Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Obesity ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitously present surfactant in aquatic environments, on the anti-oxidant systems of the liver in the Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus. METHODS: Changes in biochemical parameters involved in glutathione (GSH)-related and other anti-oxidant systems were analyzed following 4 weeks of 4-NP administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg diet) via a formulated diet to catfish. RESULTS: 4-NP exposure induced an elevation in hepatic lipid peroxide levels and an accompanying decrease in reduced state GSH after 2 weeks, suggesting pro-oxidant effects of the chemical in catfish. This oxidative stress was associated with an inhibition of the GSH-utilizing enzyme glutathione peroxidase at the same time point. This inhibition was restored after 4 weeks. The activities of other anti-oxidant enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased after 4 weeks. These enzyme increases occurred more strongly at the higher 4-NP concentration (1.0 mg/kg diet). CONCLUSIONS: 4-NP given to catfish at 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg diet, concentrations relevant to environmental levels, depletes the endogenous anti-oxidant molecule GSH and temporarily inhibits GSH-related anti-oxidant enzymes. Such declines in anti-oxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress seem to be compensated eventually by subsequent activation of various anti-oxidant enzyme systems.
Catalase ; Catfishes* ; Detergents* ; Diet ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Liver ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitously present surfactant in aquatic environments, on the anti-oxidant systems of the liver in the Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus. METHODS: Changes in biochemical parameters involved in glutathione (GSH)-related and other anti-oxidant systems were analyzed following 4 weeks of 4-NP administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg diet) via a formulated diet to catfish. RESULTS: 4-NP exposure induced an elevation in hepatic lipid peroxide levels and an accompanying decrease in reduced state GSH after 2 weeks, suggesting pro-oxidant effects of the chemical in catfish. This oxidative stress was associated with an inhibition of the GSH-utilizing enzyme glutathione peroxidase at the same time point. This inhibition was restored after 4 weeks. The activities of other anti-oxidant enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased after 4 weeks. These enzyme increases occurred more strongly at the higher 4-NP concentration (1.0 mg/kg diet). CONCLUSIONS: 4-NP given to catfish at 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg diet, concentrations relevant to environmental levels, depletes the endogenous anti-oxidant molecule GSH and temporarily inhibits GSH-related anti-oxidant enzymes. Such declines in anti-oxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress seem to be compensated eventually by subsequent activation of various anti-oxidant enzyme systems.
Catalase ; Catfishes* ; Detergents* ; Diet ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Liver ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase

Evaluation of intracranial CSF flow was accomplished by the use of cine MR technique. In the cine MR, there were two methods of evaluation in CSF flow pattern. Qualitative and quantitative methods were called magnitude reconstruction and phase contrast mapping method, respectively. The image of magnitude reconstruction method can demonstrate areas of decreased CSF flow and help explain the cause of hydrocephalus. The image of phase contrast mapping method is more sensitive to fluid motion and may increase utility in the future for analysis of fluid flow. Cine MR is capable of showing both normal and abnormal intracranial CSF flow. Such a study can be easily added as an extra pulse sequence at the end of a routinely acquired MR examination. We evaluated 2 cases of the normal pattern of pulsatile flow within subarachnoid space and 3 cases of abnormal patterns of CSF flow(communicating hydrocephalus: 2 cases, arachnoid cyst in posterior fossa: 1 case). These observations were compared with pre- and post-operative CSF flow state. In conditions which result in alterations of flow, cine MR shows either obstruction or excessively turbulent flow within the CSF pathways. In our studies, the most distinctive pathological finding was bulk flow in the aqueduct of Sylvius. The authors suggest that this technique can be applied in a wide range of conditions where CSF pathway is altered including hydrocephalus, evaluation of the function of the shunt system and communication between arachnoid cyst and subarachnoid space . Moreover correct diagnosis is possible in patients with hydrocephalus, in whom the exact level of CSF obstruction can be determined. We believe that surgical decisions can be aided by careful analysis of these CSF cine MR studies. We discuss the normal and abnormal CSF flow findings and indications of cine MR CSF flow technique with literature review.
Arachnoid ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pulsatile Flow ; Subarachnoid Space

Meningioma is the third most common intracranial tumor and different from meningiomatosis and multiple meningiomas. Multiple meningiomas without the stigma of Von Recklinghausen's disease are rare. The incidence of multiple meningiomas has been reported in 1-8.9% of all intracranial meningiomas. Although the pathogenic factors related to the multiple meningiomas are unknown, various theories have been studied and reported. The authors report two cases with multiple meningiomas without evidence of the Von Recklinghausen's diseases treated successfully by staged operation. The clinical, radiological and histopathological features of these lesions are discussed.
Incidence ; Meningioma* ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1

The authors presented an unusual case of an occipital artery aneurysm which developed spontaneously. The patient was a 41-year-old woman who suffered from the sudden onset of right hemiparesis and slurred speech. Computerized tomography scans of the brain demonstrated an intracerebral hemorrhage in the left parietal lobe. The carotid angiography revealed an incidental saccular aneurysm in the left occipital artery. The aneurysm was not treated because the patient's relatives refused operation and there were no subjective complaints by the patient. Certain particularities of this lesion are discussed in the context of the literature.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Arteries* ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Female ; Humans ; Paresis ; Parietal Lobe

The authors present a case of Fahr's disease which is characterized by idiopathic symmetrical calcifications in the basal ganglia and the dentate nuclei. Computerized tomographic scans of the brain demonstrated bilateral calcified lesions recognized in the region of the dentate nuclei of both cerebellar hemispheres and the basal ganglia. A review of the literature on several cases of intracranial ferrocalcinosis is presented.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain