PURPOSE: A survey was performed to identify the level of mouthguard use, awareness, wearability issues and attitude toward mouthguard among elite Korean Taewondo athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survey questionnaires were given to 152 athletes participating in the Korea National Taekwondo team selection event for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. Questionnaires consisted of three sections, mouthguard awareness, reasons for not wearing mouthguard and the last section to test the level of acceptance on current mouthguard and when the identified problems were resolved. For analyzing difference among response, chi2 test was used and significant level (alpha) was set up as 0.05. RESULTS: Responses in each of items showed significant difference (P<.001). Majority of response regarding each question: Majority of respondents believed that mouthguard were effective in preventing injuries (36.4%) but the result suggested that the provision of information on mouthguard to athletes was inadequate (44.0%) and the result showed that respondents were not greatly interested or concerned in relation to the mandatory mouthguard rule (31.6%). Although the responses on the level of comfort and wearability of mouthguard were negative (34.8%), athletes were positively willing to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified (51.2%). CONCLUSION: Considering the high level of willingness to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified, it is thought that together with efforts in providing more mouthguard information, the work of sports dentistry to research and improve mouthguard will be invaluable in promoting mouthguard to more athletes.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Athletes ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Korea ; Martial Arts ; Mouth Protectors ; Sports ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome characterized by severe hypertension, headache, sweating that is seen in spinal cord injury population. It can be a life-threatening problem if not promptly recognized and treated. Since the most common cause is bladder distention, it is essential that the urologist sh6fild be familiar with this syndrome. Two hundred ninety four patients with spinal cord injury were reviewed for the prevalence rate and clinical manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia. The time of onset post-injury, precipitating causes, presenting symptoms and management were analyzed. 42 patients (34.4%) of 122 patients with lesion above T6 level exhibited autonomic dysreflexia. The majority of patients (61.9%) had manifested signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia within the first year. The precipitating causes were bladder distention (69.0%), bowel distention (23.8%) and urinary tract infection (7.1%). The presenting symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia were headache (88.1%), sweating (88.1%), hot flushing (28.6%), chest discomfort, hyperpnea and spasm. The management of autonomic dysreflexia include prompt bladder erupting, bed rest and appropriate bowel preparation. In conclusion, prompt recognition and appropriate management of autonomic dysreflexia are essential to prevent life-threatening sequelae.
Autonomic Dysreflexia* ; Bed Rest ; Flushing ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Prevalence ; Spasm ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Thorax ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Peripheral Nerves*

No abstract available.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis* ; Female

Malignant Mixed Mullerian tumors(MMMTs) are unusual neoplasms occumng mostly in the uterus and, ralely, they arise in the ovary. The clinical features of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary are similiar to other ovarian malignancies. The clinical course is rapidly progressive and fatal. The optimal treatment modalities has remained elusive. The most reliable prognostic criterion is the initial tumor stage and the overall survival was poor. We experienced two cases of malignant mixed miillerian tumor of the ovary, so we report these cases with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Female ; Ovary* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Uterus

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) by preformed and/or de novo human leukocyte antigen alloantibodies is a leading cause of early and late allograft loss. In this review, we describe strategic approaches to various forms of AMR in clinical settings that are not based on pathologic classification, which is controversial for atypical AMR (C4d-, DSA-, subclinical etc.). For acute AMR, a variety of modalities like plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and anti-CD20 antibodies have been utilized singly, or in combination, with variable results; however, no established treatment for chronic AMR is known. Significant research efforts are being made for developing new and novel therapies. Improvements in clinical outcomes can be expected from studies evaluating innovative therapeutic concepts, such as proteasome inhibition or complement-blocking agents.
Antibodies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Isoantibodies ; Leukocytes ; Plasmapheresis ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVE: Cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement is very challenging due to high risk of neurovascular complications. We devised a new technique (medial funnel technique) to improve the accuracy and feasibility of CPS placement. METHODS: We reviewed 28 consecutive patients undergoing CPS instrumentation using the medial funnel technique. Their mean age was 51.4 years (range, 30–81 years). Preoperative diagnosis included degenerative disease (n=5), trauma (n=22), and infection (n=1). Screw perforations were graded with the following criteria: grade 0 having no perforation, grade 1 having < 25%, grade 2 having 25%–50% and grade 3 having >50% of screw diameter. Grades 0 and 1 were considered as correct position. The degree of perforation was determined by 2 junior neurosurgeons and 1 senior neurosurgeon. RESULTS: A total of 88 CPSs were inserted. The rate of correct placement was 94.3%; grade 0, 54 screws; grade 1, 29 screws; grade 2, 4 screws; and grade 3, 1 screw. No neurovascular complications or failure of instrumentation occurred. In perforated screws (34 screws), lateral perforations were 4 and medial perforations were 30. CONCLUSION: We performed CPS insertion using medial funnel technique and achieved 94.3% (83 of 88) of correct placement. And it can decrease lateral perforation.
Bone Screws ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Neurosurgeons ; Pedicle Screws*

PURPOSE: We usually measure the changes of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to check the bronchial response after inhalation of bronchodilator. Airway resistance determined by interrupter technique (Rint) is simple and easily applicable even to the infant. A comparison among PEFR, FEV1 and Rint was done to find out the feasibility of using Rint instead of PEFR or FEV1 in checking the bronchial response after inhalation of bronchodilator. METHODS: We checked PEFR, FEV1, Rint, and oxygen saturation with twenty eight asthmatic children, over 7 years old, visited emergency or out patient department with acute asthmatic attack. The same parameters were checked in 5, 10, 20 minutes after inhalation of bronchodilator. Comparison and relationship of measures as well as changes of measures after inhalation of bronchodilator among them were analyzed to confirm if Rint can replace PEFR or FEV1 in checking bronchial response after inhalation of bronchodilator. RESULTS: PEFR, FEV1 and O2 saturation increased as time goes on but airway resistance decreased. The relationship among the changes of parameters of PEFR, FEV1 and Rint checked in 5, 10 and 20 minutes after inhalation of bronchodilator showed close correlation with was statistically significant. But, the measures checked in 20 minutes after inhalation statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Rint can be used instead of PEFR and FEV1 in checking the bronchial response after inhalation of bronchodilator.
Airway Resistance* ; Child ; Emergencies ; Forced Expiratory Volume* ; Humans ; Infant ; Inhalation ; Oxygen ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate* ; Respiratory Function Tests

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome is characterized clinically by raised intracranial pressure without ventriculomegaly. Several conditions known to interfere with CSF absorption pathways at the level of the arachnoid villi can produce the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, inflammatory and chronic disorder characterized by multi-organ involvement including the nervous system. Clinical evidence of central nervous system involvement includes headache, seizure, psychosis and altered mental status. However, pseudotumor cerebri syndrome has been reported infrequently as a primary feature of central nervous system involvement or a complication of SLE. A 19 year-old female was admitted with seizure preceded by headache and blurred vision. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed papilledema. The diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome was confirmed by increased intracranial pressure(>550mmH2O) in the absence of any abnormal radiological findings of the brain. We described a 19-year-old girl whose first clinical manifestation was pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, which was diagnosed as SLE later. Therefore pseudotumor cerebri syndrome may be the part of the spectrum of clinical manifestation of SLE.
Absorption ; Arachnoid ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Nervous System ; Papilledema ; Pseudotumor Cerebri* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Seizures ; Young Adult

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome is characterized clinically by raised intracranial pressure without ventriculomegaly. Several conditions known to interfere with CSF absorption pathways at the level of the arachnoid villi can produce the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, inflammatory and chronic disorder characterized by multi-organ involvement including the nervous system. Clinical evidence of central nervous system involvement includes headache, seizure, psychosis and altered mental status. However, pseudotumor cerebri syndrome has been reported infrequently as a primary feature of central nervous system involvement or a complication of SLE. A 19 year-old female was admitted with seizure preceded by headache and blurred vision. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed papilledema. The diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome was confirmed by increased intracranial pressure(>550mmH2O) in the absence of any abnormal radiological findings of the brain. We described a 19-year-old girl whose first clinical manifestation was pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, which was diagnosed as SLE later. Therefore pseudotumor cerebri syndrome may be the part of the spectrum of clinical manifestation of SLE.
Absorption ; Arachnoid ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Nervous System ; Papilledema ; Pseudotumor Cerebri* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Seizures ; Young Adult