The first fusions of the spinal column were done by Hibb's and Albee in 1911. The great majority of early fusions were done for tuberculosis or arrest of the deformity of scoliosis. With changing incidence of diseases. fusion is now used most often for conditions occuring as a consequence of degenerative processes and is therefore an elective procedure done for relief of pain. The constant and uncontrollable motion of the spinal column has long been recognized as inimical to fusion and most of the modifications of technique have been designed to provide additional temporary stability to the involved vertebrae during the process of healing. More recently methods have been devoloped for placement of grafts between the vertebral bodies and between the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Fusion in the region is not new but it has not come into common usage because of the relative in accessibility of the region. Reports of it's use have been infrequent but optimistic with regard to the success of fusion. Fusion of a single intervertebral joint, most commonly the lumbosacral articulation, fusion by Hipp's seems to be adequate. If, however, two or more levels are fused by the usual methods, solid union will occur in less than 80% of patients. So we prefer the posterolateral technique for initial fusion of all patients requiring arthrodesis of more than one level. For the periods of 3 years from Jan. 1975 to Jun. 1978. 62 cases of diseased spine were treated by posterolateral fusion and the results of follow-up was as follows. 1. Of all 62 cases, 37 patients (59.7%) were male and 25 patients (40.3%) were femlae. 2. The average age was 29.5 years. 3. The etiology of low backache patients i) Spondylolysis
Arthrodesis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Vagina*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to report mixed germ cell tumor, which revealed changes compatible with early transformation of dysgerminoma to endodermal sinus tumor(EST) through histogenetic considerations and immunohistochemical stains. METHODS: Ovarian germ cell tumors were reviewed from files of Dept. Ob/Gyn. Seoul Paik Hospital fiom 1992.1 to 1996.12. Total of 5 cases include 4 pure dysgerminoma and 1 mixed germ cell tumars. All tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin and reviewed by two pathologists with immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, AFP, PCNA, p53 & bc1-2. RESULTS: Grossly, the areas of transformation were located at the middle of the mixed tumor. The outer layer of the tumor mass was filled with typical pure dysgerminoma. They were characterised as the presence of microcysts and small glandular structures in hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) stains with positive stain for vimentin, except the tissue of the EST. The cells in the intermediate layer were characterised as the mixed form of dysgerminomatous and EST structures in H-E stains. AFP in the dysgerminomatous cells in intermediate layer and EST were stained, but not in outer layer. CONCLUSION: Dysgerminoma may possess the ability to transform to EST. There might be intermediate stage between dysgerminoma and EST, and Immunohistochemical staining for AFP, cytokeratin, vimentin, PCNA also can be used for prognosis of germ cell tumor.
Coloring Agents ; Dysgerminoma* ; Endoderm ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Formaldehyde ; Germ Cells ; Keratins ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Seoul ; Vimentin ; Yolk Sac*

No abstract available.
Allopurinol* ; Alprostadil* ; Skin*

Embryos of most mammalian species grown in vitro would undergo developmental arrest at the approximate time of genomic activation. Stage-specific cell block and the resulting rapid loss of embryo viability in conventional culture media have limited the duration for which embryos may be cultured prior to transfer. As a result, embryos are usually transferred to the uterus at the 4-to 8-cell stage to avoid the loss of viability associated with long-term in vitro culture. Early transfer has led to asynchrony of the endometrium-trophectoderm interaction at the time of implantation and a resultant reduction in the rate of implantation. To overcome these problems, a variety of co-culture systems has been devised in which embryos can develop for a longer period prior to embryo transfer. Vero cells, derived from African green monkey kidney, share a common embryologic origin with cells from the genital tract. In addition, they are potentially safe to use, since they are highly controlled for viruses and other contaminants. Therefore, co-culture using Vero cells has been widely utilized to enhance embryo viability and development, although not without controversies. We thus designed a series of experiments to demonstrate whether Vero cells do indeed enhance mouse embryo development as well as to compare the efficacy of co-culturing mouse 1-cell embryos on Vero cell monolayer in both Ham's F-10 and human tubal fluid (HTF) culture media. 1-cell stage ICR mouse embryos were cultured either in the presence of Vero cells (Group A) or in conventional culture medium alone (Group B). In Ham's F-10 significantly more 3-to-8cell embryos developed in group A than group B (59.8 versus 10.0%; F<0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in embryonic development both group A and group B in HTF. However, significant differences were noted only in later embryonic stage (13 and 0%; p<0.05 of group A and B respectively, hatching or hatched). In Ham's F-10, we also could observe the beneficial effect of Vero cell on hatching process (70.7 and 42.1%; p<0.05 of group A and group B respectively).
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Coculture Techniques* ; Culture Media ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Uterus ; Vero Cells*

No abstract available.
Teratoma* ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC), macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) measurements in glaucoma using swept source deep range imaging optical coherence tomography (DRI OCT-1, Topcon Co., Tokyo, Japan). METHODS: From August of 2014 to July of 2015, 109 eyes of 109 subjects were assessed for the average thickness and sectional thickness of both mGCC and mGCIPL to determine whether there exists any significant difference among advanced stage glaucoma group, early stage glaucoma group and normal group in Swept source OCT. Comparisons were also made between the above measurements and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements in their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: The diagnostic ability of mGCC based-mean thickness value (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78/0.99) in detecting early stage glaucoma group as well as advanced stage group was not significantly different from that of cpRNFL thickness measurement. However, there was a significant difference in thickness between mGCIPL (AUC = 0.70) and cpRNFL in early stage glaucoma groups (p = 0.018). The sensitivities and specificities of mGCC were 0.95/0.97, and those of mGCIPL were 0.92/0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The two swept source OCT based methods measuring retinal ganglion cell layer thickness appeared to have a good diagnostic accuracy, high sensitivity and specificity in detecting glaucomatous eyes. Nevertheless, of the two methods, mGCC thickness measurement was more efficient in detecting early glaucomatous changes.
Ganglion Cysts* ; Glaucoma* ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy, Twin*