No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

No abstract available.
Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Bender-Gestalt Test* ; Hallucinations*

We investigated the clinical characteristics and intelligence in the adjustment of schizophrenic patients. One hundred thirty-nine schizophrenic patients were selected among the schizophrenic patients admitted to the department of neuropsychiatry, Wonkwang University, school of medicine, from January 1, 1993 to November 30, 1996. The selected schizophrenic patients were divided into two groups, the one with over 60 of past year highest global assessment of functioning(PHF)(superior group) and the other with less than 60 of PHF(inferior group). Both groups were compared in clinical characteristics and Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS) results at admission. The results were as follows : 1) The superior group showed significantly longer duration of education(11.9+/-2.9, 9.9+/-3.7, p<.01), shorter duration of illness(49.6+/-57.9, 93.9+/-70.3, p<.01), less admissions(1.9+/-1.3, 2.8+/-2.1, p<.01), less negative symptoms(3.2+/-1.4, 3.8+/-1.3, p<.01) than the inferior group. 2) The superior group showed significantly higher scores on verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ ; 90.5+/-14.5, 82.4+/-17.4, p<.01), performance intelligence quotient(PIQ ; 81.4+/-13.5, 73.2+/-14.2, p<.01), full scale intelligence quotient(FSIQ ; 86.2+/-13.3, 78.0+/-14.9, P<.01), the subtests of vocabulary(9.2+/-3.0, 7.6+/-3.6, p<.01), comprehension(9.2+/-3.1, 7.5+/-3.4, p<.01), similarity(8.6+/-2.6, 7.4+/-3.3, p<.05), digit symbol(8.3+/-1.8, 7.3+/-2.5, p<.01), object assembly(7.6+/-2.5, 6.6+/-2.3, p<.05), block design(7.9+/-2.6, 6.8+/-2.0, p<.05), and picture completion(7.9+/-2.2, 7.0+/-2.1, p<.05) than the inferior group. Finally, the patients with better adjustment showed higher education level, shorter duration of illness, less numbers of admission, less negative symptoms, and higher scores on VIQ, PIQ, FSIQ, and subtests of vocabulary, comprehension, similarity, digit symbol, object assembly, block design, picture completion. It seems that the superior group had better at the more complex function in the verbal intelligence and the ability of space in the performance intelligence than the inferior group.
Adult ; Comprehension ; Education ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Neuropsychiatry ; Schizophrenia ; Vocabulary

Objectives: : This study aimed to assess the possible association of dental pain with suicidal ideation among adolescents by analysing data from the 2018 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide online survey. Methods: : Of 62,823 adolescent middle and high school students in Korea, 60,040 participants were selected for analysis, after excluding cases with missing values. Participants were given a questionnaire about their self-evaluation of health including dental pain and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the relationships between dental pain and suicidal ideation after controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: : The proportion of Korean adolescents reporting suicidal ideation was 13.3%. The proportion of adolescents who experienced dental pain was 23.4%. Compared to adolescents who did not report dental pain, adolescents who reported experiencing dental pain were significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation (OR=1.94, p<0.001). In two multivariate models, the relationships between dental pain and suicidal ideation (AOR=1.24, p<0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions : Dental pain was associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents, even when controlling for sociodemographic factors and other health conditions. It is necessary to consider screening adolescent patients who present with dental pain for suicidal ideation.

Objective: This study involved a meta-analysis of South Korean studies regarding psychosocial interventions for patients with breast cancer to provide basic data to support the development of an integrated healthcare service model. Methods: Randomized controlled studies with a pretest-posttest design were selected, and those presenting means, standard deviations, and standardized mean differences were included. For quality evaluation and heterogeneity testing, the Jadad scale and the Q-value and I 2 were used. To estimate the effect size of each study, Hedge’s g was used. Publication bias was analyzed with the Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. Results: Of the 28 studies selected for the, meta-analysis was performed on eight. The total number of datasets included in the meta-analysis was 33. The evaluation based on the Jadad scale revealed no significant inter-rater variation (p = 0.35). The mean number of sessions was 7.93 and the mean intervention time was 13.2 hours. The interventions were mostly administered in a group structure (94%) and, regarding the type, they were categorized as integrated (36.4%), cognitive (30.3%), and meditation (24.2%). The mean effect size was 1.21 against no treatment group. Conclusion The analyzed studies showed heterogeneity, with a corresponding asymmetry found on the Funnel plot. Despite the heterogeneity and publication bias, the mean effect size was significantly large. Cognitive interventions, meditation, and psychological education programs are expected to assist in reducing negative emotions and enhancing quality of life in patients with breast cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Jeollabuk-do Suicide Prevention Training Program for professional gatekeeper instructors, using psychological questionnaires. Methods: Eighty-three participants were recruited from mental health centers and relevant organizations in Jeollabuk-do. All the participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=41), where they took part in the suicide prevention training program developed by Jeollabuk-do for professional gatekeeper instructors, or a control group (n=42), receiving no treatment. Four participants from the control group dropped out, and the final participants for each group were 41 and 38. We analyzed the changes in the two groups, before and after the program, using the Korean Suicide Literacy Scale, Counselors’ Professional Scale for Self-injury Behaviors, Attitudes towards the Suicide Scale, and Help-Giving. Results: Participants in the experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in their knowledge of suicide prevention and their attitude toward suicide compared to those in the control group. Conclusion This study suggests that the Jeollabuk-do Suicide Prevention Training Program for professional gatekeeper instructors may serve as an effective means of improving the participant’s knowledge of suicide prevention and changing the attitude towards suicide, and may fulfill its purpose of preventing suicides.

It has been known that clozapine treatment combining with cytotoxic antitumor therapy for schizophrenia is not recommended because both durgs have agranulocytosis as their side effect. Since the introduction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF), it has been used to treat agranulocytosis or granulocytopenia associated with antitumor chemotherapy or clozapine. We report a case with schizophrenia on clozapine treatment who developed agranulocytosis following combined cytotoxic chemotherapy for a sex-cord stromal tumor which was successfully treated with G-CSF. The hematological status before combining with antitumor chemotherapy had been within normal range, and agranulocytosis following the antitumor chemotherapy returned to normal after treatment with G-CSF. This suggests that clozapine could be administered in combination with cytotoxic antitumor agents if the following indications are met : normal hematological status before starting antitumor chemotherapy, carefully monitoring hematological status by oncologist and psychiatrist, and prepared G-CSF administration when agranulocytosis is anticipated.
Agranulocytosis ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Drug Therapy* ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Granulocytes ; Psychiatry ; Reference Values ; Schizophrenia

Objectives: ：The purpose of this study is to compare the psychosocial characteristics of patients diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) by classifying them into irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional heartburn (FH) groups, and overlap group (two or more functional diseases) and to examine the factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of patients with FGID. Methods: ：A total of 144 patients who were diagnosed with FGID were selected as the subjects. The demographical factors were investigated; Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), Korean version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Korean Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to evaluate the psychosocial factors. Results: ：TThe overlap group had a significantly higher K-BDI-II score (F=11.09, p<0.001) and K-BAI score (F=8.93, p<0.001) compared to other groups. In childhood trauma, the IBS patients had a difference in emotional neglect (F=2.54, p=0.04) than the FD patients. The QoL of FGID patients had a negative correlation with depression (r=-0.196, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.235, p<0.01), and childhood trauma (r=-0.222, p<0.01), and a positive correlation with social support (r=0.512, p<0.01) and resilience (r=0.581, p<0.01). Conclusions ：Overlap group had a higher level of depression and anxiety, and the IBS patient group had a higher level of emotional neglect than the FD patient group in terms of childhood trauma.