Immunologic cells not only express histamine receptors, most of them but also have the abilities to produce histamine. Histamine possesses extensive biologic effects on the components of the immune system, including the antigen presenting cells, T lymphocytes and antibody isotypes, and accordingly affects the pathological processes of the inflammation, immunological diseases and tumor. On the other hand, the various cytokines produced during immune responses can regulate the synthesis and release of histamine, as well as the expressions of histamine receptors.

AIM:To study the effect of Wanglaoji cool tea(WLJ)(Ilex asprella,Oroxylum indicum,polygnum chinese,Desmadium Styracifolium,Microcos Paniculata,Lophatherum gracile,Lygodium japonicum,Vitex negundo,Helicteres angustifolia,Rosa laevigate) on plasma gluco-metabolism and peroxidative state in stress mice. METHODS: The male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group,stress control group,positive control group,125 and 500 mg/kg WLJ group,which were administered samples once a day successively for 5 days.After oral administration 2 g/kg glucose into the 20 h stress mice,the elimination rate of plasma glucose,plasma ketone bodies and liver glycogen were determined.The peroxidative state in plasma and antioxidtive capacity of plasma was also measured. RESULTS: As compared with the control groups,WLJ accelerated the basic glucose metabolism of plasma,reduced the plasma ketone body and elevated the liver glycogen synthesis in stress mice.And it also decreased the level of MDA and increased the antioxidant capacity of plasma. CONCLUSION: WLJ improves the glucometabolic dysfunction in stress mice,and the mechanism might be related to the amelioration of peroxidative state in plasma.

Aim To summarize the principles, applications and future development in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Methods The ORAC assay method use Sodium Fluorescein as fluorescent probe, AAPH as free radical initiator, and results are expressed as Trolox equivalents. Results This method has several advantages compared with other methods in linear responses with concentration, specificity, precision, accuracy and ruggedness. Conclusion The ORAC assay has been widely accepted and largely applied to the assessment of free radical scavenging capacity of pure compounds, biological samples, plant and food extracts.

Kanehiro Takaki, the founder of The Jikei University School of Medicine suggested that a nutritional factor was important for preventing beri-beri, which was a common disease in the Meiji era in Japan and Southeast Asia. He improved the rations fed to crews of the Imperial Japanese Navy to include wheat and meat. The rations he devised effectively prevented beri-beri. Some 30 years later, vitamin B₁ was discovered, and a deficiency of vitamin B₁ was found to be the cause of beri-beri. Takaki believed that nutrition and exercise were important for keeping our bodies fit. He often gave lectures on how people could keep fit to prevent diseases. Thus, his activities are considered to be the beginning of preventive medicine in Japan. The contributions of Takaki to the physical fitness of the Japanese people have been continued by the graduates of The Jikei University School of Medicine. Some of the graduates became professors of The Jikei University School of Medicine and Tokyo University of Education (now, Tsukuba University). Thus, both universities have the common basis and tradition for research and education in the fields of physical fitness and sports medicine, and have collaborated with each other in these fields. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the history of the development of research regarding physical fitness and sports medicine in Japan. We discuss the contribution of various persons including our graduates, to the health and physical fitness of the Japanese people.

BACKGROUND:Efficacy of stem cel therapy is considerably influenced by oxidative stress. Sirtuin (SIRT) family of mammals is an important deacetylation and antioxidant enzyme that can regulate endogenous antioxidant activities in stem cel s and cel cycle related signaling pathways to reduce the damage and enhance the viability of stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To review the regulating function and mechanism of SIRT family.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI from 1990 to 2015 was performed for relevant articles about SIRT and stem cel oxidative stress, using the key words of“SIRT, stem cel , oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms”in English and Chinese, respectively. After eliminating literatures which have poor authority or have similar contents, 55 articles were involved.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:NAD+-dependent SIRT family is the key enzyme for deacetylation of histones and other proteins. It plays vital regulation roles in metabolism, genomic stability, DNA damage/repair, and chromatin remodeling/stress reaction. Progress in the SIRT-targeted stem cel research wil definitely provide more clues for clinical stem cel transplantation therapy.

A 59-year-old man presented with sporadic febrile illness. Echocardiography showed multiple vegetations on the mitral valve. Blood culture yielded Viridans streptococci. Mitral valve replacement was performed, and a high dose of penicillin G sodium (24 million U/day) was administrated for 4 weeks postoperatively. On the 28th postoperative day, the patient developed severe back pain and bloody sputum. Chest CT showed a false aneurysm of the distal aortic arch (5.5cm). The patient was placed on cardiopulmonary bypass with the arterial return in the mid-aortic arch. The aneurysm was resected and replaced with a Dacron tube during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The aortic wall was interspersed with mobile nodules that appeared to be colonized. The aorto-pulmonary fistula was directly closed. The whole procedure was carried out through the 4th intercostal space. The tissue culture was negative but histopathology suggested a persistent inflammatory process. Excavating aortic sepsis may occur following active endocarditis. Even if cardiac infection is controlled, continuous search should be undertaken for possible dilatation in remote parts of the arterial system.

Parkinson’ s disease ( PD) is a common disease in central nervous system, for which an effective treatment has yet to be found. The causes of PD include genetic, environmental, aging factors, etc. There is a common factor which can lead to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia:mito-chondrial damage and repair. This paper has summarized the en-vironmental and genetic factors that can cause mitochondrial damage in dopaminergic neurons, and outlined several mitochon-drial repairing pathways ( such as mitophagy) in the treatment of PD. It also analyzes the research situation of utilizing natural medicine in the therapy of PD from the perspective of the mito-chondrial protection.

Herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1) is a common pathogen, and human is the only natural host of it.Following a period of lytic replication in epithelial cells, HSV-1 enters axon terminals of sensory neurons and then travels via retrograde transport to the sensory ganglia where latency can be established.Upon the stimulation of some stressors, the latent virus can reactivate, leading to recurrent diseases.Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation will offer new insights into the prevention, treatment and control of HSV-1 infection.In this review, we describes the mechanisms underlying HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation.

Aim To investigate the effects and mecha-nisms of theacrine on high fat diet induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Methods The C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat diet for consecutive 17 weeks to induce hepatic steatosis and given a treatment of theac-rine for 6 weeks. The liver sections were stained with H&E or Sudan IV, and hepatic TG was determined by commercial analysis kits. Expression of SirT3 and phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC were measured by Western blot. Compound C was used to inhibit the phosphorylation of AMPK in HepG2 cells, and the ex-pressions of proteins were determined after the cells were treated with theacrine. Results Theacrine sig-
nificantly decreased hepatic TG content and ameliora-ted hepatic steatosis in mice. Expression of SirT3 and phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC were up-regulated, respectively. And theacrine still could activate SirT3 and up-regulate the phosphorylation of ACC whatever AMPK was inhibited. Conclusions The activation of ACC by theacrine depends on the phosphorylation of AMPK, but the activation of SirT3 by theacrine is in-dependent of the phosphorylation of AMPK. Theacrine ameliorates high fat diet induced hepatic steatosis in mice probably via SirT3/ AMPK/ ACC pathway.