OBJECTIVE:To prepare nifedipine (NF) hollow controlled-release microspheres and evaluate the quality. METH-ODS:Solvent diffusion volatilization method was used to prepare microspheres,using comprehensive scores of cumulative release in 2,12,24 h(Q2 h,Q12 h,Q24 h)as indexes,orthogonal test was designed to screen the carrier material ethyl cellulose(EC),poly-vinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)and main drug NF amounts;appearance,particle size distribution,drug loading,floating and cumulative release of the microspheres prepared by optimal formulation were evaluated and compared of in vitro release behavior with imported preparation of Nifedipine controlled-release tablets (Adalat?). RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follow as NF 3.00 g, PVP 1.60 g,EC 15.65 g. Prepared NF hollow controlled-release microspheres were spherical in shape with particle size distribution of 24-40 mesh and drug loading of 8.66%;24 h floating rate in release medium was 97.93%,Q2 h,Q12 h,Q24 h were 20.49%, 52.90%,91.00%(RSD<10%,n=3). Compared with the imported preparation,similarity factor f2 values of cumulative release were higher than 50,showing in vitro drug-release was consistent with the zero-order kinetic equation (r=0.9993);n of Rit-ger-Peppas equation (r=0.9807) was 0.478. CONCLUSIONS:Prepare NF hollow controlled-release microspheres show similar drug-release behavior with the imported preparation,the drug is released by the combination of diffusion and erosion.

OBJECTIVE: To explore changes of olfactory and gustatory functions in patients with olfactory dysfunction. METHOD: The 284 study subjects included 92 healthy volunteers, 92 with hyposmia and 100 with functional anosmia. Their olfactory and gustatory functions were examined using T&T olfactometer, olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and triple drop method, respectively. RESULT: The T&T results showed that the difference between patients with hyposmia and functional anosmia and healthy subjects had statistical significance. The OERPs results showed that patients with olfactory dysfunction had N1 and P2 waves of prolonged latency and reduced amplitude when compared to healthy subjects with the difference of statistical significance. When compared to healthy subjects, patients with olfactory dysfunction had clear hypogeusia and the difference had statistical significance. There was no significant difference between female and male groups. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the apparently concomitant hypogeusia is in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Decreased of olfactory and gustatory function exhibited little or no relationship with gender. Combined examinations of OERPs, T&T and triple drop method, could make it possible to reflect the overall chemical sensory functions in subjects systematically and provide scientific evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment early.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ageusia ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Smell ; Taste ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection.Methods Through clinical specialist examination and imaging examination,95 cases of patients with olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection were confirmed,58 cases in anosmia group and 37 cases in hyposmia group.All were performed by a subjective olfactometry (Sniffin'Sticks test) and a subjective taste function tests.The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results In 58 cases of anosmia group,21 cases of male,37 cases of female;Twenty-six cases of youth,23 cases of middle age,9 cases of old age;Twenty-seven cases occurs in spring,11 cases in summer,12 in autumn and 8 in winter.Among 37 cases of hyposmia group,12 cases of male,25 cases of female;Eighteen cases of youth,16 cases of middle age,3 cases of old age;Fourteen cases occurs in spring,8 cases in summer,7 in autumn and 8 in winter.There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age and the onset season between the two groups (x2 =0.142,P ＞ 0.05;x2 =1.124,P ＞0.05;x2 =1.335,P ＞ 0.05).In anosmia group,with 4 cases of ageusia,22 cases of hypogeusia,32 cases of normal taste;in hyposrnia group,with 0 cases of ageusia,10 cases of hypogeusia,27 cases of normal taste.There were significant differences between the two groups with different types of taste disorder (Pearson correlation coefficient r =0.210,P ＜ 0.05),it was positive correlation.Conclusions It is suggested that after the upper respiratory tract infection,the olfactory dysfunction is often accompanied by the sense of taste dysfunction,the more severe the damage of olfactory function,the degree of damage to the taste function is also increased.Olfactory impairment degree exhibited no relationship with gender,age or onset seasons.

Objective:To examine the correlation between DEPDC5 rs5998152 variants and the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver diseases onset. Methods:Patients with chronic hepatic diseases diagnosed as HCV infection in Tianjin Second People′s Hospital from September 2016 to July 2017 were enrolled in the study and were divided into chronic hepatitis C (CHC) group, CHC related liver cirrhosis (LC) group and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group. DEPDC5 rs5998152 was genotyped using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay and the case data were reviewed. T test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and non-parametric test were used to perform the comparison of the quantitative data between groups according to normally distributed or not. Chi-square test was used to examine the different distribution of enumeration data between groups. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the correlation between the genetic polymorphism and risk of LC and HCC. Results:A total of 147 patients were included in this study, with 55 in CHC group, 54 in LC group and 48 in HCC group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), α-fetoprotein (AFP), total bilirubin and rate of hepatic encephalopathy were significantly higher in LC and HCC groups compared to CHC group( P<0.05). And the levels of AFP and total bilirubin were significantly higher in HCC group than LC group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the three groups in terms of DEPDC5 rs5998152 genotype distribution ( P > 0.05). The frequency of the C allele at DEPDC5 rs5998152 was higher in LC and HCC subjects than in CHC patients ( P<0.05) and the Logistic analysis indicated that CHC individuals with C allele and TC+ CC genotypes showed higher risk of LC and HCC compared with those with T allele and TT genotype ( P<0.05). In addition, the difference of DEPDC5 rs5998152 allele frequency was not significant between LC and HCC groups and it was not correlated with risk of HCC for LC patients. Conclusions:DEPDC5 rs5998152 may be a risk factor of progression to LC and HCC in the Chinese Han patients with CHC.

Cyclin G1 is a new member of the Cyclin G family, while it is not the main molecule for regulating cell cycle functionally. Cyclin G1 has been found to play important roles in the replication of hepatitis viruses and development of hepatocelluar carcinoma(HCC). This paper aims to review the research progress on the characteristics of Cyclin G1 protein sequence, the interaction of Cyclin G1with microRNA, the roles and mechanisms of Cyclin G1 in the replication of HBV and HCV as well as the development of HCC, which might provide the theoretical basis and new research insights for the related diseases.