Antiradiation drugs, also known as radioprotective agents, can prevent humans from radiation injury,reduce the clinical symptoms of radiation sickness,promote early recovery and reduce morbidity or mortality.Early developments of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, such as amifostine (WR 2721).This compound reduced mortality, but its disadvantages, such as large use and high toxicity, limited its use in clinical practice.To find a suitable radioprotective agent is crucial to reducing side effects induced by ionizing radiation and increasing survival rate in patients during radiotherapy.In this paper, the classification and mechanism of radioprotective agents are reviewed and future developments in this field are predicted.

Objective To study the expression of Survivin protein and its relation with the expression of Bcl-2, Bax in the tropho- blasts of human normal placenta. Methods The normal placental tissues (8 -9week ,18-23 week and 37-40week) were fixed, embed- ded, sectioned, and Survivin, Bcl-2, and Bax in the trophoblasts were detected with immunnohistochemistry. Result As the gestational age advanced , the staining intensity of Survivin in the trophoblasts was significantly decreased from the first trimester group to the second trimes- ter group to the term group (PU value: 11.74±0.8,9.95±0.43,8. 83 ~ O. 67, respectively, P <0.01 ), while the staining intensity of Bcl-2 and Bax in trophoblast was significantly increased (PU value of Bcl-2 : 4.33±0.60, 5.00±0.75,6.87±0.45, respectively, P<0.01 and PU value of Bax: 9.82±1.12,16.00±1.05,27.48±2.10, respectively, P <0.01 ). Expression of Survivin in trophoblasts has no rela- tionship with the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax (P>0.05 ). Conclusion Survivin may take part in the development of human normal pla- centa through the way of suppressing the apoptesis in trophoblasts. Expression of Survivin in trophoblasts has no relationship with the expres- sion of Bcl-2 and Bax, which indicate that they regulate apoptesis of trophoblasts via different biological pathways.

Objective:To investigate the value of antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) in evaluating patients with decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB).Methods:From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, clinical data of 193 hospitalized patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, which included coagulation indicator (AT-Ⅲ), liver function indicators (total bilirubin, etc.), abdominal ultrasound results (portal vein diameter, portal vein blood flow velocity), and the occurrence of esophagogastric varices. According to the presence or absence of main complications, 193 patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis were divided into compensated group (60 cases) and decompensated group (133 cases). According to the presence or absence of EVB, 133 patients of decompensated group were divided into non-bleeding subgroup (96 cases) and bleeding subgroup (37 cases). The above indicators were compared among compensated group, decompensated group and their subgroups. The independent related factors of decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and EVB were analyzed. The level of AT-Ⅲ of each group were compared, and the relationship between AT-Ⅲ and Child-Pugh score was analyzed. The diagnostic capability of AT-Ⅲ in decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with EVB were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t test, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:The total bilirubin level of the decompensated group was higher than that of the compensated group, the portal vein diameter was larger than that of the compensated group, and the portal vein blood flow velocity was lower than that of the compensated group (31.50 μmol/L (21.90 μmol/L, 48.80 μmol/L) vs. 19.40 μmol/L (15.00 μmol/L, 25.50 μmol/L); (14.31±3.53) mm vs. (12.57±3.83) mm; (13.39±3.49) cm/s vs. (15.08±4.28) cm/s), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-5.76, t=-2.78 and 2.40; P<0.001, =0.006 and 0.018). The incidence of esophagogastric varices of the compensated group and the decompensated group was compared (40.0%, 24/60 vs. 87.2%, 116/133), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=64.06, P<0.001). The diameter of portal vein of the bleeding subgroup was larger than that of the non-bleeding subgroup, and the portal vein blood flow velocity was lower than that of the non-bleeding subgroup ((15.54±4.23) mm vs. (13.87±3.16) mm; (12.05±3.12) cm/s vs. (13.85±3.51) cm/s), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.15 and 2.23, P=0.034 and 0.028). The AT-Ⅲ levels gradually decreased in the non-bleeding subgroup and bleeding subgroup of the compensated group and decompensated group, which were (79.52±16.02)%, (63.91±19.96)% and (35.92±13.69)%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( F=5.71, P=0.018). The AT-Ⅲ level of the compensated group was higher than that of the non-bleeding subgroup and the bleeding subgroup of the decompensated group, and the AT-Ⅲ level of the non-bleeding subgroup of the decompensated group was higher than that of the bleeding subgroup, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.11, 13.74 and 7.84, all P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that total bilirubin and AT-Ⅲ were independent related factors of decompensation of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis ( OR (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.060 (1.018 to 1.104) and 0.945 (0.922 to 0.970), P=0.005 and <0.001). AT-Ⅲ was an independent related factor of decompensation of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with EVB ( OR(95% CI) 0.902 (0.856 to 0.950, P<0.001). AT-Ⅲ was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score ( r=-0.559, P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that the cut-off values of AT-Ⅲ in the diagnosis of decompensated stage of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with EVB were 62.5% and 61.5%, the sensitivity was 88.3% and 89.2%, the specificity was 70.7% and 61.5%, and the area under the curve (95% CI) was 0.815 (0.755 to 0.874, P<0.001) and 0.899 (0.828 to 0.971, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:AT-Ⅲ is an important indicator in evaluating the severity of disease progression in patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis, and it has a certain clinical value in evaluating the bleeding tendency of patients with decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with esophagogastric varices.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) levels and CHA2DS2-VASc scores to assess the thromboembolism risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and to explore the value of AT-Ⅲ in the risk assessment of thrombosis in these patients.Methods:We enrolled patients diagnosed with NVAF (observation group) and non-atrial fibrillation (control group), hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2018 to June 2019, and assessed the two groups for AT-Ⅲ, protein C, protein S, and lipid levels including lipoprotein (a), three acyl glycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score, patients with NVAF and a score of less than 2 were assigned to the low-and middle-risk groups; the high-risk group consisted of patients with a score of 2 or more. The diagnostic performance of AT-Ⅲ was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the risk factors for high CHA2DS2-VASc scores were analyzed using logistic regression.Results:Overall, 206 cases were enrolled in the observation group, including 54 women (26%; aged 59.85±11.06 years). The control group consisted of 76 cases, with 19 women (25%; aged 59.34±9.84 years). The two groups were gender ( χ2=0.043, P=0.836) and age ( t=0.352, P=0.725) matched. In the observation group, AT-Ⅲ activity (98.68%±11.37%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (110.87%±13.91%), demonstrating a statistically significant difference ( t=-6.841, P<0.001). In total, 102 cases (49.5%) were assigned to the high-risk group, with 104 cases (50.5%) in the low-and medium-risk groups. In the high-risk group, the AT-Ⅲ activity (93.67%±9.92%) was significantly lower than that in the low-and middle-risk groups (103.60%±10.56%), with a statistically significant difference observed ( t=6.953, P<0.001). In the high-risk group, protein C ［(94.34±26.61)% vs. (102.63±22.74)%］, TC ［(4.09±1.02) mmol/L vs. (4.69±0.97) mmol/L］, and LDL-C ［(2.18±0.83) mmol/L vs. (2.74±0.88) mmol/L］ levels were lower than those observed in the low-risk group (P<0.05). For NVAF screening, the AT-Ⅲ early warning threshold was 96.5%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.746 (95% CI: 0.681-0.812, P<0.001). Based on logistic regression analysis, low AT-Ⅲ activity levels were an independent risk factor for high CHA2DS2-VASc scores in NVAF ( OR=7.282，95% CI: 3.098-17.117， P<0.001). Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that with increasing age ( OR=44.339, 95% CI: 15.207-129.276), lower levels of AT-Ⅲ ( OR=7.282, 95% CI: 3.098-17.117) and TC ( OR=4.349, 95% CI: 1.739-10.875), and higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were observed for non-valvular AF ( P<0.05). Conclusion:A positive correlation exists between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and old age, low AT-Ⅲ activity, and low TC levels, indicating a high reference value for evaluating thrombosis in NVAF.

Objective To study the expression and biological functions of RN181 in SMMC7721 cells,the retroviral vector was constructed.Methods Gene cloning techniques were used to construct pRetrox-TRE3G/RN1S1 recombinant vector.The regulating plasmid pRetroX-TRE3G/RN181 or the response plasmid of pRetroX-Tet3G were respectively cotansfected into GP2-293 cells with Envelope Vector plasmid to package retrovirus after routine identification.Both viruses co-infected target cells SMCC7721,and then were selected by G418 to obtain stable cell lines.The stable cell lines were induced by doxycycline (DOX),and then verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting.CCK-8 was used to evaluate the effect of RN181 on growth of SMMC7721 cells.Results We constructed the recombinant plasmid.Stable recombinant plasmid were verified by screening.And there were significant differences of RN181 between the induced and uninduced cell lines through RT-PCR and Western blot.Conclusions We have successfully constructed the inducible stable RN181 expression SMCC7721 cell,which can be used as an effective cell model to study the biological functions of RN181.We found RN181 could suppress the proliferation and invasion in SMMC7721 cells in vitro.

Scar contracture after burn on the back of hand can easily lead to the limitation of flexion function of fingers, which seriously affects daily life activities. Generally, comprehensive rehabilitation treatment is adopted for scar contracture on the back of hand, among which wearing braces is an effective treatment method. However, some braces will limit the normal finger joints or must wait until all the affected fingers heal before they can be worn, and the wearing operation is quite complicated. In order to solve these problems, the author designed and made a finger flexion band, which was used to stretch the patients with limited flexion of finger caused by scar contracture after burn on the back of hand, and achieved good therapeutic effect. According to the measured hand size, the finger flexion band is cut and spliced from the fabric commonly used in daily life. The finger flexion band is designed with finger sleeve, which will not limit the normal finger joints, can interfere with the healed finger in advance, fix the corresponding fingers better, and improve the treatment comfort, especially for children who do not cooperate with the braces wearing. This finger flexion band is simple to make, cheap, convenient to use, and suitable for clinical promotion.