Objective To study the effects of intra-bone marrow injection of donor bone marrow cells in combination with low dose radiation on the immunologic reaction of composite tissue allotransplantation.Methods The inbred SD rats were chosen as donors and inbred Wistar rats as recipients. Overall 40 recipients were classified into 4 groups randomly after allogeneic leg transplantation: group A received transplantation only; group B irradiation in the sublethal level (4.5 Gy?2 at a 4-h interval) and fludarabine (50 mg/kg, i.p.); group C, bone marrow cells were directly injected into the intra-bone marrow cavity of the recipients; group D, using a combination of the injection of fludarabine (50 mg/kg, i.p.), irradiation (4.5 Gy?2, at a 4-h interval) and injection of donor bone marrow cells. The rejection of grafts was observed. 120 days after induction of tolerance the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MIR) and skin grafting were examined to confirm tolerance status. To determine graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), rats in tolerance status were also histologically examined. Results As compared with other groups, mean rejection time and mean survival time of limb allografts were prolonged obviously in group D. Donor-specific tolerance was confirmed in all limb allograft recipients in group D by skin grafting and by MLR, and no signs of GVHD were also histologically examined. Conclusion Using a combination of injection of fludarabine, irradiation in the sublethal level and donor bone marrow cells, we have induced donor-specific immunological tolerance in allogeneic limb transplantation in rats without using any immnosuppressants after the operation.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy of adjuvant treatment of Xuebijing injection for severe acute pancreati-tis. METHODS:80 cases of severe acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 40 cas-es in each group. Control group was given symptomatic and supportive treatment,and observation group was additionally given in-travenous injection of Xuebijing injection 100 ml,twice a day,on the basis of control group. The levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP,organ failure were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in observation group was significantly lower than control group and before treatment,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The proportion of renal function,respiration function and circulating failure in observation group were significantly lower than in control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant treatment of Xuebijing injection for se-vere acute pancreatitis can significantly reduce the level of inflammation in the body and reduce organ damage.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the water extract and ethanol extract of the powder of G.lucidum.Analysis and comparison of two kinds of antibacterial and antioxidative effects of the extracts.Methods G.lucidum powder was prepared by using a pulverizer and extracted with water and ethanol respectively.The inhibitory effects of water extract and alcohol extract of G.lucidum on the tested strains were determined by TTC method.The antioxidant activities of aqueous extract and ethanol extract of G.lucidum were determined by DPPH and FRAP.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) of the aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts of G.lucidum were 32 mg/mL and 16 mg/mL, respectively.The MIC for S.Aureus respectively was 64 mg/mL and 32 mg/mL, the MIC for M.luteus respectively was 32 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, MIC for B.terom respectively was 64 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, The MIC of B.subtilis respectively was 32 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL.The antioxidant activity of G.lucidum powder extract and ethanol extract showed good antioxidant activity, the scavenging radical capacities on DPPH of the water extract and ethanol extract were 56.22%and 20.67% at a concentration of 2 mg/mL ( P<0.5 ) , the FRAP value respectively were 3.52 and 3.77 mmol/mL. Conclusion The powder of G.lucidum has the effective antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity.The two kinds of extracts extract of G.lucidum had good antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity.The ethanol extract of G.lucidum powder antimicrobial effect and total antioxidative ability in water extracts, aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum granules on DPPH free radical scavenging rate better than that of ethanol extract.

Objective To investigate inhibitory effects of Sanguisorba officinalis L.on biofilms of MRSA41577.Methods Congo red agar method and crystal violet semi-quantitative method were used to detect the biofilms-forming ability of tested strains; TTC assay was used to detect inhibitory effects of Sanguisorba officinalis L.on biofilms formation and mature biofilms of MRSA41577,as well as effects of Sanguisorba officinalis L.in combination with vancomycin on mature biofilms of MRSA41577.Results Sanguisorba officinalis L.showed significant inhibitory both on biofilms formation and mature biofilms, minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC) of biofilms formation were 1 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL,MIC of mature biofilms was 4 mg/mL.The sensitivity of mature biofilms to vancomycin was greatly increased when Sanguisorba officinalis L.was combined with vancomycin with subinhibitory concentrations.Sanguisorba officinalis L.at 1/4 MIC can inhibit mature biofilms when combined with vancomycin at 4 μg/mL, while vancomycin didn't show inhibitory effects on mature biofilms when concentrations were below 64 μg/mL. Conclusion Sanguisorba officinalis L.has significant inhibitory on biofilms formation, the mechanism may be related to Sanguisorba officinalis L.destroyed biofilms and make vancomycin penetrate into the biofilms to finish the bactericidal activity.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke,and its fatality is high.The baseline hematoma volume and hematoma growth are the predictive factors for the poor outcome of the patients.Previous studies have shown that surgical evacuation of hematoma can reduce the hematoma volume and improve the outcome.However,several recent randomized controlled trials of craniotomy hematoma evacuation for ICH and a Meta-analysis have shown that it is no more beneficial than conservative treatment.The previous evidence of minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma for the treatment of ICH has suggested that it has potential benefits for patients with ICH; however,further research is needed to confirm it.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum on the efflux system of MRSA 41577. Methods Inhibitory effects of andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum on efflux system of MRSA 41577 was evaluated using fluorescence spectrophotometry.PCR was applied to detect the norA efflux gene.By RT-PCR method for detection of andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum influence of the expression of norA efflux gene.Results Andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum significantly increased the accumulation of ciprofloxacin in MRSA 41577 in a time-dependent manner.At 12 minute, andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum respectively increased ciprofloxacin in MRSA41577 by 49% and 76%( P <0.05 ) , which is superior to that of reserpine. Further mechanism studies indicated that andrographis paniculata and silybum marianumcould reduce the expression of norA in MRSA 41577.After incubated with andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum for 16 h, the relative expression of norA of MRSA41577 was respectively reduced by 35% and 42% ( P <0.05 ). Conclusion Andrographis paniculata and silybum marianumcould inhibit MRSA efflux system through reducing pathogen ’s expression of norA and NorA protein.

Objective To compare the anti-tumor activity and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of F.veluties and A.auricula.Methods Three human carcinoma cell lines, including MCF-7, HeLa and A375 were assessed by MTT assay to measure cell viability.The antioxidant activity was detected with a DPPH and RFAP assays.Results Two domestic fungus have different anti-tumor activity on the inhibition of MCF-7, HeLa and A375 cells at 25-400μg/mL concentration rage.F.velutipes was better than the A.auricula.The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ).Compared with the control group, the inhibition of F.velutipes were 48.20%, 52.61%and 50.58%at the concentration of 400μg/mL, respectively (P<0.01).At the same concentration, the inhibition of A.auricula were 37.62%、50.21%and 41.59%, respectively (P<0.01).The ethanol extracts of two domestic fungus have significant antioxidant activity.F.velutipes was better than the A.auricula.The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01 ).Compared with the control group, the scavenging radical capacities on DPPH of ethanol extracts of F.velutipes and A.auricula were 60.30%and 40.43%at the concentration of 1.6 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.01).At the same concentration FRAP value were 9.5 and 7.0 mmol/mL(P<0.01).Conclusion The F.velutipes and A.auricula both have strong anti-tumor and antioxidant activities, F.velutipes is better than A.auricula.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Co-SZ eye drops on apoptosis of lens epithelial cells(LEC) induced by H_2O_2 and to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms.METHODS:(1) All lenses of Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with H_2O_2 and Co-SZ eye drops.The apoptosis rates of LEC were determined by TUNEL method.The changes of LEC ultrastructure and the formation of apoptotic body were observed by electron microscopy.(2) Bovine LEC were incubated with H_2O_2 and Co-SZ eye drops.The inhibitory of LEC apoptosis was detected by MTT after incubation.The changes of fractional DNA content in LEC were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).[Ca~(2+)]i,cAMP and cGMP of LEC were determined by spectrofluoremeter and radioimmunoassay,respectively.RESULTS: The LEC apoptosis rates in Co-SZ eye drops group were decreased significantly compared with H_2O_2 group by TUNEL.The ultrastructure changes in LEC of Co-SZ eye drops group were lighter than that in H_2O_2 group.The LEC apoptosis rates of Co-SZ eye drops group were dose-dependently decreased significantly compared with H_2O_2 groups via MTT assay.LEC apoptosis induced by H_2O_2 was inhibited by Co-SZ eye drops,and showing dose-dependent.The DNA contents in LEC of Co-SZ group were increased.The [Ca~(2+)]i and cAMP in Co-SZ group were decreased obviously.The cGMP was increased.CONCLUSION: The LEC apoptosis induced by H_2O_2 was inhibited by Co-SZ eye drops.The mechanism of apoptosis inhibition by Co-SZ eye drops maybe contribute to the increase in DNA content.The signal transduction mechanisms are related to the decrease in [Ca~(2+)]i and cAMP and the increase in cGMP.

Objective To investigate the effect of Omithogalum caudatum Ait(OCA)on apoptosis of Candida albicans,illustrated the antifungal mechanism of OCA.Methods Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI double stainingwas used to detect the effect of OCA on the apoptosis of C.albicans;JC-1 and DCFH-DA staining were used to detectthe effect of OCA on mitochondrial membrane potential(MTP)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)of C.albicans.Results OCA had a good antifungal activity,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and the minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC)were 8mg/mL and 32mg/mL respectively.OCA could induceapoptosis of C.albicans,promote the reduction of MTP and increase of ROS.Conclusion OCA induced cell apoptosismainly through disrupting mitochondrial function.

Objective To study magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) features of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor(DNT) and to improve accurate diagnosis of DNT.Methods The MRI appearance and clinical features of 10 patients with DNT confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 10 cases,9 tumors located in supratentorial hemisphere cortex,3 tumors located in the temporal lobe,5 in the frontal lobe,1 in the parietal lobe,and 2 of them encroached the adjacent white matter.In 9 tumors located in supratentorial hemisphere cortex,8 cases had decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images,1 case iso-decreased mixed signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images,and 9 cases increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images,9 cases slightly increased signal intensity on fluid attenuated inversion recovery weighted images.The manifestation of tumors was cystic or cystic partially oriented and was seen separate section intratumoral in some cases.Three cases appeared as hyperintense ring sign and internal septation,2 cases appeared as a triangle in shape,3 cases appeared as gyms-like shape,and 1 case as round shape,similar to cyst.Nine tumors had no significant mass effect and peritumoral edema.Enhanced MR imaging showed only 1 case with slight and heterogeneous enhancement,the rest 6 cases showed non enhancement.One case located in cerebellar hemisphere,and appeared cystic-solid mass,the solid part had decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images,and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images,the cystic part had decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images,and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images.On enhanced MR imaging,the wall-node obviously contrast enhancement,cyst wall slightly contrast enhancement,cystic part non enhancement.The tumor had peritumoral edema and mass effect.Ten cases had no hemorrhage and calcification.Conclusion The MRI appearance of DNT is characteristic and is helpful for the preoperative diagnosis of DNT.