Diabetes mellitus（DM） is a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disease， and its hyperglycemia can lead to a series of serious complications. Although current DM treatments are effective， they still have side effects and limitations. Therefore， discovering new drugs has become a key approach to improving DM management. As a traditional Chinese medicine， Dendrobii Caulis has garnered significant attention due to its rich phytochemical properties， which may offer a natural approach to mitigate the harmful effects of DM. Studies have demonstrated that Dendrobii Caulis can significantly reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models and improve insulin resistance. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the hypoglycemic effect of Dendrobii Caulis is primarily based on multiple mechanisms， including improving insulin sensitivity， inhibiting liver glycogen breakdown， promoting liver glycogen synthesis， and reducing oxidative stress. In addition， polysaccharides in Dendrobii Caulis have been found to increase the serum level of glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）， which promotes insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon release， thereby improving the symptoms of DM and its complications. Given its potential hypoglycemic effect， Dendrobii Caulis is expected to be developed as a new hypoglycemic agent or health food with promising prospects for treating DM and its complications. With further basic and clinical research， Dendrobii Caulis is expected to become an important adjunct in DM treatment.

Objective: To explore the association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of anxiety and depressive symptoms co-occurrence among adolescents. Methods: A random cluster sampling involving 8 500 first year junior high school students in 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey from October to December 2022. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was applied to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students. Chi-square test was used to compare the anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms of first year junior high school students with different demographic characteristics. The association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms of adolescents was analyzed by binary Logistic regression models. Results: The detection rate of co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 26.92%. After controlling for demographic variables and other confounders, takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption( OR=1.50, 95%CI =1.27-1.77) was associated with anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province ( P <0.01). Stratified analysis showed that both Han ( OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.07-1.77) and ethnic minorities ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.29-2.00) exhibited statistically significant associations between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms(both P <0.05). Conclusions Takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption increases the risk of co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province. It is recommended to strengthen guidance on the consumption of such products among junior high school students to prevent co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Objective: To explore the association of vegetables and fruits intake with depressive symptoms among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide data support for preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students. Methods: From October to December 2022, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas in Yunnan Province (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County), to investigate with a questionnaire. The Dietary Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect dietary behavior datas, and the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of vegetable and fruit intake with depressive symptoms in students, and stratified analysis was performed according to ethnicity. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 29.5%. The detection rates of depressive symptoms in Han and minority first year junior high school students were 26.9% and 31.6%. After controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age, family residence and other confounding factors, the generalized linear model analysis results showed that the intake of leafy vegetables ( β= -0.07 , 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.01), flat fruits ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.00) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.11, 95%CI = 0.04- 0.17) were associated with depressive symptoms in Han first year junior high school students (all P <0.05). The intake of melon and fruit vegetables ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.11 to -0.01) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.06, 95%CI =0.01-0.12) were associated with depressive symptoms in ethnic minority first year junior high school students (both P <0.05). Conclusions The intake of vegetables and fruits among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province is related to the risk of depressive symptoms. It is suggested to strengthen the consumption guidance and education of vegetables and fruits to prevent depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students.

Objective: To analyze the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms, with the mediating role of insomnia symptoms among college freshmen, so as to provide a reference basis for reducing the occurrence of anxiety symptoms in college freshmen. Methods: From October to December 2021, 31 856 freshmen were selected by the purposive sampling method in 22 colleges across 11 provinces (Fujian, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Chongqing) in China. The Semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to investigate college freshmen drinking behaviors. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 and the Insomnia Severity Index were used to assess anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms in college freshmen. The generalized linear model was employed to analyze the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms in college freshmen, and the structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effect of insomnia symptoms on the association. Results: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms among college freshmen was 28.2%, the detection rates of the mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe were 6.6%, 15.9%, 3.2% and 2.6%, respectively. While 23.6% of college freshmen reported drinking in the past month, the rates were 39.8% among boys and 15.9% among girls. After adjusting for demographic variables (ethnicity, education, major, etc.) and confounding variables (self evaluation of learning burden, number of close friends, screen time, etc.), the results of generalized linear model analysis showed that beer consumption was associated with anxiety symptoms in college freshmen( β =0.09, 95% CI =0.04-0.14), girls( β =0.14, 95% CI =0.07-0.21) and those aged 19-20 years ( β =0.12, 95% CI =0.05-0.19)(all P <0.05). Red wine consumption was associated with anxiety symptoms in male students ( β =0.13, 95% CI =0.02-0.24, P <0.05). Alcohol and beer consumption were associated with insomnia in college freshmen[ β (95% CI ) =0.22(0.08-0.36),0.31(0.23-0.39),both P <0.01]. Insomnia symptoms partially mediated the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms among college freshmen with a mediating effect value of 0.05, accounting for 50.49% of the total effect. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms partially mediates the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms in college freshmen. Measures should be taken to simultaneously intervene in the drinking behaviors and insomnia symptoms of college freshmen to prevent the occurrence of their anxiety symptoms.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in minority areas of Yunnan Province, and to explore the influence of outdoor activities and short-distance use of eyes, so as to provide a basis for early myopia intervention. Methods: In October 2020, the survey was conducted among 1 782 primary and secondary school students in three cities of Yunnan through a multi stage random cluster sampling method. All subjects underwent a questionnaire survey and the visual acuity examination at baseline. The first follow-up was conducted in October 2021 to obtain 1 691 valid samples, and the second follow-up was conducted in May 2023 to obtain 1 367 valid samples. Factors associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students were explored by using generalized estimating equations. Results: The prevalence rates of myopia in 2020, 2021 and 2023 were 52.64%, 61.62% and 69.35%, respectively, showing an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =91.77, P <0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis on the generalized estimation equations showed that age at baseline ( OR =1.31), girls ( OR =1.76), Hani ethnicity ( OR =0.75), Bai ethnicity ( OR =0.69), parental myopia ( OR =1.97-2.29), parents often reducing children s exercise time for homework or tutoring ( OR =1.35), less than 1 time or 2-3 times of ball sports per week ( OR =1.27, 1.20 ), reading and writing in the classroom during the break ( OR =1.27), reading in direct sunlight occasionally ( OR =1.20), using only desk lamp for writing at home ( OR =0.71), more than 1 hours of short-distance eye use for a break once ( OR =1.23) were associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Outdoor activities and short-distance use of eye among primary and middle school students in minority areas in Yunnan province are suboptimal. Enhancing the related environmental and behavioral factors can effectively mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia.

To investigate the genetic relatedness between carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) strains isolated from intestinal colonization and subsequent bloodstream infections.

Objective: To analyze the distribution and related factors of spherical equivalent(SE) anisometropia in school aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the intervention and control of SE anisometropia. Methods: In October 2021,a total of 1 852 school aged children in three counties/cities(Lijiang City,Dali City,Xishuangbanna) in Yunnan Province were examined by multi stage cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey.Demographic characteristics, ocular biological parameters and SE data were obtained for SE anisometropia. Group comparisons were conducted using Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anisometropia in SE. Results: The prevalence of SE anisometropia among school age children was 23.0%, and the prevalence was higher in girls (24.2%) than that in boys (21.6%). Compared with non anisometropic children, school aged children with SE anisometropia had longer axial length (AL) [24.03 (23.41, 24.76), 23.93 (23.26, 24.61) mm] and corneal curvature radius (CR) [43.42 (42.43, 44.42), 43.14 (42.23, 44.04)mm], SE[-1.75(-2.75,-1.00),-0.94(-2.63,-0.25)D], smaller spherical scope [-1.38(-2.38,-0.75),-0.75(-2.38,0)D], deeper anterior chamber depth(ACD)[3.77(3.62, 3.93), 3.72(3.55, 3.89)mm], and grater differences in AL[0.58(0.32,0.82), 0.13( 0.06 ,0.22)mm], ACD[0.05(0.02,0.08), 0.03(0.01,0.06)mm] and AL/CR[0.01(0.01,0.02), 0.01(0.00,0.01)]( Z =-22.47 to -2.41, all P <0.05). The results of Logistic regression showed that mild myopia( OR =2.74), moderate myopia( OR =3.52), and high myopia( OR =8.92) had a relatively high risk of anisometropia SE in school aged children(all P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SE anisometropia in school aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province is relatively high, and the prevalence and degree of anisometropia were closely related to myopia degree and related refractive parameters.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Yindan Pinggan capsules (YDPG) on intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) through animal experiments, while utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to explore its potential mechanisms. Initially, the therapeutic effect of YDPG on an α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced IHC mouse model was assessed through liver function tests, routine blood tests, and liver pathology analysis. Subsequently, network pharmacology tools were employed to predict the active components, core targets, and signaling pathways of YDPG. Molecular docking technology was employed to verify the binding activity of key active components of YDPG with core targets, followed by protein immunoblotting to validate the key targets. Results showed that YDPG significantly improved liver function abnormalities and hepatocyte damage in IHC mice. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that 94 active components in YDPG were associated with 396 targets for the treatment of IHC, and were significantly enriched in pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, lipid metabolism, and bile secretion. Molecular docking results showed good binding activity between key active components of YDPG and core targets of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Further protein immunoblotting confirmed that YDPG could reduce the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT proteins, core targets of the PI3K-AKT pathway in liver tissue. These findings suggest that YDPG may alleviate biological processes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby improving liver damage in IHC mice and exerting a therapeutic effect on IHC. This experiment has been approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University (ethical approval number: IACUC-20241011-09).

OBJECTIVE To establish management index system for rational drug use of key monitoring drugs， and provide reference for the management of key monitoring drugs in the hospitals. METHODS First， the management index system for rational drug use of key monitoring drugs was drafted by collecting the evidence from related medical literature. Next， using a modified Delphi method， twenty experienced experts from the fields of pharmacy， medical practice， healthcare insurance， and finance were selected to participate in two rounds of questionnaire consultations. Based on the expert enthusiasm coefficient， authority coefficient， degree of opinion concentration， and degree of coordination， the final indicators were determined to establish a management index system for rational drug use of key monitored drugs in medical institutions. RESULTS The expert enthusiasm coefficients reached 100% in both rounds of consultation. In first-level， second-level and third-level indicators， the authority coefficients of experts were 0.89， 0.86 and 0.87， and coordination coefficients of the experts in importance score were 0.300 （P＜ 0.05）， 0.125 （P＜0.05） and 0.139 （P＜0.05）， respectively. The average score for the importance of all indicators reached over 3.5， in which the full score ratio ranged from 35% to 100%. Except that the variation coefficient of a third-level indicator “number of specifications purchased for key monitored drugs” was 0.26， the variation coefficients of rest indicators were less than or equal to 0.25. Based on the results of expert consultation， final version of the management index system established in this study， including two first-level indicators （drug procurement and use， and rational drug use）， five second-level indicators （such as the accessibility， cost-effectiveness） and twenty third-level indicators （such as the number of specifications purchased for key monitored drugs， the increase in the cost of key monitored drugs）. CONCLUSIONS The management index system established in this study possesses high reliability and strong operability， and may provide a reference for the management of key monitoring drugs in the hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. METHODS: A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens, and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators. RESULTS: Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PHE) ( β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene ( β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-PHE) ( β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR) ( β = 3.05% [95% CI: -4.66%, -1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE ( β = 2.68% [95% CI: -4%, -1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE ( β = 3% [95% CI: -4.68%, -1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function. CONCLUSION Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health. Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.
Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Male ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Young Adult ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Adult ; Blood Pressure/drug effects* ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/urine* ; Beijing