Objective To establish the best wine steaming process for morinda officinalis with monotropein as indicator. Methods Response surface methodology was used to optimize the wine steaming process for morinda officinalis with the amount of rice wine, stewing time, moistening time and the monotropein content as evaluation indexes. Results The best condition was identified with rice wine (rice wine/herbs, g/g) 10%, moistening time 1.0 h, fully steamed and dried. Conclusion The Star dot design-response surface method can be used to optimize the wine steaming process for morinda officinalis.

Objective To investigate the taxonomic structure and diversity of endophytic fungi from Cynanchum bungei Decne., explore the potential microbial resources and functions and provide the theoretical basis for new antitumor endophytic fungi. Methods The diversities of endophytic fungi community in different tissues, species and habitats were analyzed with traditional endophytic bacteria separation method and 18sRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxic activity of endophytic fungi from Radix Polygoni multiflori. Results 90 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from roots, stems, and leaves of C. bungei. Among them, Fusarium and Alternaria were the dominant genera. There were 8, 9 and 13 genera from roots, stems and leaves of C. bungei respectively. Among which Alternaria and Colletotrichum were the common genera in different tissues. Further studies showed that 13 endophytic fungi of C.bungei had good anti-tumor activity in vitro, accounting for 14.4% of the total genera. Among them, A. tenuissima LTJ2 and A. alternata LTJ6 had significant anti-tumor activity. Conclusion The endophytic fungi in Cynanchum bungei Decne. have rich diversity. Some strains have significant anti-tumor activity，which can be potential resources for the development of new antitumor agents.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of endogenous metabolites in Crocus sativus L. corms from different origins. Methods A method based on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging and optimized sample pretreatment was developed for directly visualize metabolites in C. sativus corms. Results In situ characterization of metabolites such as flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, and cyclic enol ether terpene glycosides was achieved. L-Citruline, phenylacetylglycine, sativol, and geniposide were specifically distributed in the corms. Apigenin 7-（6''-O-acetyl）-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside, dhurrin 6'-glucoside, and Apigenin 7-O-diglucuronide were mainly distributed in the terminal bud. For compounds distributed in the corms, the highest abundance was found in corms from Shanghai, followed by Zhejiang and the lowest from Anhui. Conclusion The distribution of metabolites in different parts of C. sativus corms from different origins and the same origin varies significantly. Flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives such as isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside and apigenin derivatives are mainly distributed in the terminal buds, in addition, the natural plant protection agent dhurrin 6'-glucoside is also mainly distributed in the terminal corms, whereas amino acids, which are used as energy and material supplies, are mainly accumulated in the corms.