Objective To study the changes of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the patients with simple brain trauma and its relationships with injury of severity, complications and outcome of injury.Methods A total of 120 patients with simple brain trauma were evaluated in a prospective observational study.The serum levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein were measured 1,2,3,5,7 and 10 days after the admission.During the following ten days after admission,the clinical data of patients with simple brain trauma were recorded,and also the patients with 28-day survival were followed up.Another 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in normal group for comparison. Results In different periods after trauma,the PCT levels in brain injury patients with different degree of injury severity were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.05 ).During the first two days after admission,there were no significant differences in serum PCT levels between non-infection group and infection group,but significant differences were found between two groups on the 3rd,5th,7th and 10th days ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the 28 days survival between the group with high PCT level and the group with lower PCT level was statistically significant ( P ＜0.05 ). Conclusions Poor outcomes and complications such as infection were often occurred in simple brain trauma patients with initially high PCT.The frequent determination of serum PCT levels is a useful approach to the judgment of injury severity and proguosis in patients with simple brain trauma.

Objective To investigate the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) combined with norepinephrine (NE) in treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS) in rats.Methods UHS models were produced in rats and divided into three groups according to the random number table,which were resuscitated with LR equivalent to 1/2 (17.5 ml/kg) of shed blood,LR equivalent to 1/4 (8.75 mL/kg) of shed blood and without LR respectively.Each group was subdivided into six groups:AVP1 (0.04 U/kg) group,AVP2 (0.4 U/kg) group,NE (3 μg/kg) group,AVP1 + NE group,AVP2 + NE group and LR control group,with 10 rats per group.Effects of single AVP or NE infusion or combined infusion respectively grouped with different doses of LR on survival time and hemodynamics of UHS rats were observed.Results Compared with AVP,NE and AVP + NE groups without LR or with LR equivalent to 1/2 of shed blood respectively,AVP2 + NE group with LR equivalent to 1/4 of shed blood provided better main artery pressure (MAP),prolonged survival time and enhanced 4-hour survival rate in treatment of UHS rats.Moreover,survival time and 24-hour survival rate were increased significantly and hemodynamic parameters like MAP,left intraventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximal change rate of left intraventricular pressure (± dp/dt max) were improved after hemostasis.Conclusion AVP (0.04 U/kg) + NE (3 μg/kg) infusion with LR equivalent to 1/4 of shed blood prior to hematosis can win the time for definitive treatment and improve the treatment outcome.

Objective To explore renal transplantation model in non-human primate cynomolgus monkeys.Methods 50 non-human primates' kidneys were transplanted into the lower part of the abdomen with end-to-side anastomosis of renal artery to aorta and renal vein to inferior vena eava,and with end-to-end anastomosis of ureter to bladder.Results In the 50 cases,1 case death as accident of anesthesia;7 cases with postoperative complications,and all with creatinine sudden rise,after ultrasonic examinations showed that 2 cases with renal vein thrombosis,and 5 cases appeared urinary leakage.All animal models were without surgical infections,and with normal serum creatinine,urine output.Conclusion Non-human primate animal kidney transplantation model establishment method is reliable,but should pay attention to the the surgical technique training,complications prevention.The model is valuable for application in the research of immune tolerance,heterogeneous transplant.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein(BPI) on the outcome of sepsis in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Sepsis was induced by injection of 2x10(6) colony-formed unit E. coli J5 via the tail vein. BPI of 5 mg/kg or equal volume of normal saline(NS) were injected intravenously at the same time. Endotoxin and TNFalpha levels in serum were assayed using a chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate test and ELISA respectively. RESULTS: Seventy-two hour survival rate of septic mice was significantly higher in the BPI group (15/18) than in the NS group(8/18, P<0.01). Serum endotoxin levels in the BPI group (1.3+/-0.3 and 0.7+/-0.4 &mgr;g/L) were significantly lower than those in the NS group (3.9+/-0.8 and 2.5+/-0.9 &mgr; g/L, P<0.01) 0.5 and 1 hour following injection of bacteria respectively. The peak levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNFalpha)in the BPI group (1.9+/-0.6 &mgr;g/L) were also markedly lower than those in the NS group (3.8+/-0.8 &mgr;g/L, P<0.01) 1.5 hours following bacterial injection. But there was no significant difference in blood bacterial count between the BPI and NS groups 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 hours after injection of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: BPI has a marked protective effect on E. coli sepsis, which might be related to its action against bacterial endotoxin and its inhibition of TNFalpha production in sepsis.

Objective To investigate the exposure difference of different dosage forms of mycophenolic acid (MPA) between children aged ≤12 and > 12 years old after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 73 children undergoing kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death (DCD) were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative immunosuppressive regimen was MPA+ tacrolimus+glucocorticoid. According to different dosage forms of MPA, all recipients were divided into group A (n=37, mycophenolate mofetil capsules), group B (n=28, enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium) and group C (n=8, mycophenolate mofetil dispersible tablets). All children were divided into ≤12 and > 12 years old groups according to the age of kidney transplantation. The daily dosage of different dosage forms was calculated. The blood concentration (C) of MPA and the area under the curve (AUC) were detected by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique. The MPA blood concentration was statistically compared between two age groups at different time points. The recovery of renal function and postoperative complications were assessed. Results No significant differences were observed in the dosage and blood concentration of drug at different time points among groups A, B and C (all P > 0.05). The MPA-C_{4 h} and AUC in the ≤12 years old group were significantly higher than those in the > 12 years old group (both P < 0.05). In group B, the MPA-C_{4 h} of children aged ≤12 years old was significantly higher compared with that in those aged > 12 years old (P=0.016). The MPA-C_{4 h} of children aged ≤12 years old in group B was higher than those in group A and group C, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.080). There was no significant difference in the incidence of acute rejection and infection among three groups (both P > 0.05). Conclusions Children of different ages who are given with different dosage forms of MPA after kidney transplantation obtain different exposure rates. The exposure rate of kidney transplant recipients aged ≤12 years old tends to be higher than that of their counterparts aged > 12 years old, mainly seen in the recipients treated with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the exposure level of MPA, which provides significant guidance for adjusting the drug dosage of different dosage forms.

Objective To investigate the early resuscitation effect of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) in rats with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.Methods 170 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups:lactate Ringer solution (LR) control group,whole blood control group,and 0.5％,2.0％,5.0％ HBOC groups,with 34 rats in each group.The uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock model in SD rats was reproduced by cutting off the splenic artery branch,and induced mean arterial pressure (MAP) reducing to 40 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The corresponding solution was infused after model reproduction in each group,maintaining MAP at 50 mmHg for 1 hour,then completely ligating and hemostasis,and maintaining MAP at 70 mmHg for 1 hour and 80 mmHg for 1 hour respectively,after maintaining MAP 80 mmHg,all were supplemented with LR to 2 times blood loss volume.The survival rate and blood loss rate were observed in 16 rats in each group,hemodynamics parameters including MAP,left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dp/dtmax) were determined in another 10 rats,and cardiac output (CO) and tissue oxygen supply (DO2) were observed in the rest 8 rats.Results ① When resuscitation by LR alone,the blood loss rate of animals was as high as 60％ to 70％.Compared with the LR control group,whole blood recovery could significantly reduce the blood loss rate before hemostasis in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock rats [(46.6 ± 4.5)％ vs.(62.3 ± 4.0)％,P ＜ 0.01];0.5％,2.0％,5.0％ HBOC could significantly decrease the blood loss rate,especially in 5.0％ HBOC group with significant difference as compared with that in the LR control group [(45.6±4.1)％ vs.(62.3±4.0)％,P ＜ 0.01].② When LR was used alone for resuscitation,the rats died quickly and survived for a short time.Only one rat survived for 12 hours,and no rat survived for more than 24 hours.Compared with the LR control group,whole blood resuscitation could improve the survival rate of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock rats,and the survival time was significantly prolonged (hours:20.4± 4.6 vs.3.5 ± 1.1,P ＜ 0.01);0.5％,2.0％ and 5.0％ HBOC also significantly prolonged the survival time of rats.The 5.0％ HBOC group had the best effect,4 rats survived in 24 hours,and the survival time was significantly longer than that of the LR control group (hours:18.4 ± 4.0 vs.3.5 ± 1.1,P ＜ 0.01),and it was the same as the whole blood control group.③ Compared with pre-shock,CO,DO2 and hemodynamic parameters of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock rats were significantly decreased,and the above parameters were gradually increased with the prolongation of rehydration time.Compared with the LR control group,whole blood resuscitation could significantly increase CO and DO2,and improve hemodynamics in rats with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock at different time points.Three concentrations of HBOC could also increase CO,DO2 and other hemodynamic parameters of rats at 1 hour of maintaining MAP of 80 mmHg after hemostasis and 1 hour and 2 hours after resuscitation.The effect of 5.0％ HBOC group was more significant than that of the LR control group with statistically significant difference [CO (× 10-3,L/min):72.84±2.84 vs.63.11±2.38 at 1 hour of maintaining MAP of 80 mmHg,70.25±4.55 vs.59.88 ± 9.31 at 1 hour after resuscitation,71.51 ± 2.90 vs.53.24 ± 6.32 at 2 hours after resuscitation;DO2 (L· min-1 · m-2):271.9± 13.5 vs.159.1 ±25.4 at 1 hour of maintaining MAP of 80 mmHg,261.0± 15.0 vs.145.7±20.1 at 1 hour after resuscitation,249.6± 12.0 vs.107.4± 18.2 at 2 hours after resuscitation;MAP (mmHg):82.1±2.1 vs.74.0±2.8 at 1 hour of maintaining MAP of 80 mmHg,107.5±9.3 vs.64.0±5.7 at 1 hour after resuscitation,104.0±9.7 vs.73.0±4.2 at 2 hours after resuscitation;LVSP (mmHg):128.6±7.9 vs.103.8±0.8 at 1 hour of maintaining MAP of 80 mmHg,129.3±± 15.0 vs.99.4±0.0 at 1 hour after resuscitation,127.5± 11.3 vs.97.4±0.0 at 2 hours after resuscitation;+dp/dt max (mmHg/s):6 534.2±± 787.6 vs.5 074.0± 71.7 at 1 hour of maintaining MAP of 80 mmHg,5 961.5 ±± 545.4 vs.4 934.5 ± 510.2 at 1 hour after resuscitation,5 897.4± 350.5 vs.4 534.7 ±489.2 at 2 hours after resuscitation,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions HBOC infusion prolonged the survival time,increased survival rate,and improved hemodynamics,cardiac function and tissue oxygen supply in a dose-dependent manner in the early stage of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.The recovery effect of 5.0％ HBOC was similar to that of the whole blood.

Objective:To evaluate the time-zero biopsy of donor kidney with acute kidney injury(AKI)in organ donation donors and examine the clinical effect after transplantation.Methods:From May 2019 to May 2020, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 104 donors assessed by time-zero biopsy at First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University.According to the definition of AKI and Banff2016 criteria, the kidneys of 104 donors were grouped and evaluated for transplantation.And the post-transplantation effects of donor kidneys with different degrees of pathological changes were analyzed.Results:AKI occurred in 32/104 donors.Compared with non-AKI donors, statistically significant differences existed in degrees of renal interstitial fibrosis and acute renal tubular injury ( P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other pathological manifestations ( P>0.05). In AKI group, kidneys of 2 donors with Banff score>3 were abandoned; in non-AKI group, among 12 donors with Banff score>3, 1 donor kidney was abandoned due to a high degree of chronic diseases.No significant inter-group difference existed in creatinine value or estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)( P>0.05). AKI group had a higher incidence of postoperative delayed graft function(DGF)and longer duration.There was no statistical significance in other complications ( P>0.05). Conclusions:AKI donor kidneys with pathological manifestations below moderate renal tubular injury and Banff score<3 are feasible for transplantation.Although renal function recovery is slow after transplantation, safe outcomes may be obtained.

Objective:To explore the prognostic factors of patients with gallbladder cancer in different anatomical locations.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 140 patients with gallbladder cancer who were surgically treated in the 904 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2015 to December 2015. Among them, 49 were males and 91 were females, with a median age of 64.0 years. According to the location of gallbladder cancer, they were divided into the neck of the gallbladder and the bottom of the gallbladder. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate analysis, and Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the significant factors of univariate survival to determine the independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. Use Pearson correlation to analyze the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics.Results:Patients in the neck of the gallbladder group had higher levels of preoperative total bilirubin, preoperative albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, extrahepatic bile duct resection (biliary-enteric anastomosis), radical resection, breakthrough of the liver/serous membrane invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, local recurrence in the operation area in the surgical area were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Univariate analysis suggested that preoperative jaundice, Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), C-reactive protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, accidental gallbladder cancer, surgical method, tumor pathological type, tumor differentiation degree, tumor growth location (neck than the bottom of the body) are related to the prognosis (all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that GPS ( RR=3.272, 95 CI: 1.987-5.388), surgical method ( RR=4.149, 95 CI: 2.561-6.723), tumor location ( RR=0.316, 95 CI: 0.209-0.478), distant metastasis ( RR=1.695, 95 CI: 1.036-2.775) and TNM staging ( RR=3.686, 95 CI: 2.222-6.115) are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of gallbladder cancer. Correlation analysis suggests that neck tumors are related to later staging, liver bile duct invasion, lymph node metastasis, high inflammation levels, and low radical cure rates. Conclusions:Gallbladder cancer that occurs in the neck of the gallbladder is an independent factor influencing the poor prognosis of patients with surgical treatment. In addition, TNM staging, distant metastasis and Glasgow score are important predictors of survival in patients with gallbladder cancer.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).Methods:Surgical specimens and clinical data were collected from 63 patients with GBC who underwent radical cholecystectomy in the 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from January 2014 to January 2019. In the GBC group, there were 21 males and 42 females, with an average age of 62.5 years. For 30 patients with mild to moderate atypical hyperplasia of gallbladder during the same period were included in the precancerous lesion group, including 9 males and 21 females, with an average age of 62.4 years. Normal gallbladder specimens from 20 patients who underwent surgical resection due to liver trauma or giant hepatic hemangioma were collected and included in the normal group, including 7 males and 13 females, with an average age of 61.9 years. The expressions of GOLPH3, NLRP3, Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Log-rank test and Cox regression were adopted to analyze the GOLPH3 and NLRP3 expression and survival prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients.Results:Expression of GOLPH3 and NLRP3 in the tumor group, precancerous lesion group and normal group was decreased separately. In GBC tissues, the level of GOLPH3 and NLRP3 was positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression ( r=0.972 and r=0.969, both P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that high level of GOLPH3 ( HR=4.891, 95% CI: 1.776-13.470) and NLRP3 ( HR=3.006, 95% CI: 1.273-7.099) was an independent risk factor for predicting the postoperative survival of patients with GBC (both P<0.05). Conclusion:GOLPH3 and NLRP3 are highly expressed in GBC tissues, and high expression of GOLPH3 and NLRP3 is an independent risk factor for postoperative survival in patients with GBC.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology plays an important role in smart healthcare. This paper discusses IoT solution for emergency medical devices in hospitals. Based on the cloud-edge-device architecture, different medical devices were connected; Streaming data were parsed, distributed, and computed at the edge nodes; Data were stored, analyzed and visualized in the cloud nodes. The IoT system has been working steadily for nearly 20 months since it run in the emergency department in January 2021. Through preliminary analysis with collected data, IoT performance testing and development of early warning model, the feasibility and reliability of the in-hospital emergency medical devices IoT was verified, which can collect data for a long time on a large scale and support the development and deployment of machine learning models. The paper ends with an outlook on medical device data exchange and wireless transmission in the IoT of emergency medical devices, the connection of emergency equipment inside and outside the hospital, and the next step of analyzing IoT data to develop emergency intelligent IoT applications.
Internet of Things ; Reproducibility of Results ; Internet ; Machine Learning ; Technology