BACKGROUND:Such methods as transplanting autologous periosteum or autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can promote the repair of articular cartilage defects for sure. But they all have their own limits in chondrogenic abilities,which results in an unsatisfactory curative effect.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of transplanting BMSCs (which were induced into chondrocytes) combined with autogenous periosteum on repairing articular cartilage defects in rabbits.MATERIALS:A total of 18 New Zealand rabbits,aged 6-8 months,were divided with random digits table method into 3 groups,namely,periosteum+BMSCs group,periosteum group and blank control group,with 6 ones (12 knee joint samples) in each group. METHODS:In periosteum+BMSCs group,BMSCs were harvested and adherently cultured with trypsin digestion method. Then they were induced by transforming growth factor 81 into chondrocytes. At the same time,immunofluorescence labeling was performed to BMSCs membranes with PKH-26. Full-thickness articular cartilage defects (diameter:3mm,depth:3mm) were made to bilateral condylus medialis femoris of all rabbits. In periosteum+BMSCs group and periosteum group,defects were covered by homolateral autogenous proximal tibia periosteums,with germinal layer facing to cavitas medullaris. After that,the periosteum+BMSCs group received 3 sutures,followed by injection of 20 μL BMSCs suspension (1×109/L) into the defects,after which the last suture was taken. The periosteum group underwent coverage with periosteum on defects only. The blank control group underwent perforate only.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:General observation,histological observation,Wakitani's score,immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization detection of collagen type Ⅱ were performed to defects at 6 and 12 weeks following operation.RESULTS:No sutured periosteums were found desquamate. In periosteum+BMSCs group,defects were filled with hyaline cartilage-like repairing tissues at week 6 following operation;Week 12 following operation saw remodeled tissues whose cells were mainly the implanted cells labeled with PKH-26. In periosteum group,repairing tissues in defect areas were ivory white,smooth with light introcession and distinctively different from the surrounding normal cartilage tissue. In the blank control group,clearer introcession or irregular appearance,even broken surrounding cartilage tissues could be seen in the defect area. Both Wakitani's score and histological score were highest in periosteum+BMSCs group at week 6 and 12 following operation (P＜0.05),with higher ones in periosteum group than in the control group (P＜0.05). What'more,matrix around cells in the repairing tissues showed positive results to both immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization staining of collagen typeⅡ,which proved that cells in repairing tissues were the implanted ones.CONCLUSION:Transplanted BMSCs (which were induced into chondrocytes) combined with autogenous periosteum can form hyaline cartilage-like repairing tissues through which articular cartilage defects are repaired.

Purpose: This study explored the association of the elasticity modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the tibialis anterior muscle, as measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), with the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) determined using the Whitesides method in a New Zealand rabbit model of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Additionally, it evaluated the viability of 2D-SWE as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for the early detection of ACS. Methods: An ACS model was established through direct external compression by applying pressure bandaging to the lower legs of 15 New Zealand rabbits using neonatal blood pressure cuffs. Another five animals represented a non-modeled control group. To measure the elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscles, 2D-SWE was employed. Blood oxygen saturation, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels were monitored. Subsequently, the anterior tibial compartment was dissected, and the tibialis anterior was removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess muscle injury. Results: The elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscle increased with compression duration, as did serum CK and myoglobin levels. ICP was strongly positively correlated with these parameters, particularly mean velocity (r=0.942, P<0.001) and CK (r=0.942, P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with ICP (r=-0.887, P<0.001). Histological analysis indicated progressive muscle cell swelling over time, with damage transitioning from reversible to irreversible and culminating in necrosis. Conclusion In a rabbit ACS model, ICP was strongly positively correlated with muscle elasticity modulus/SWV. Consequently, 2D-SWE may represent a novel tool for assessing early-phase ACS.

Purpose: This study explored the association of the elasticity modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the tibialis anterior muscle, as measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), with the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) determined using the Whitesides method in a New Zealand rabbit model of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Additionally, it evaluated the viability of 2D-SWE as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for the early detection of ACS. Methods: An ACS model was established through direct external compression by applying pressure bandaging to the lower legs of 15 New Zealand rabbits using neonatal blood pressure cuffs. Another five animals represented a non-modeled control group. To measure the elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscles, 2D-SWE was employed. Blood oxygen saturation, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels were monitored. Subsequently, the anterior tibial compartment was dissected, and the tibialis anterior was removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess muscle injury. Results: The elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscle increased with compression duration, as did serum CK and myoglobin levels. ICP was strongly positively correlated with these parameters, particularly mean velocity (r=0.942, P<0.001) and CK (r=0.942, P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with ICP (r=-0.887, P<0.001). Histological analysis indicated progressive muscle cell swelling over time, with damage transitioning from reversible to irreversible and culminating in necrosis. Conclusion In a rabbit ACS model, ICP was strongly positively correlated with muscle elasticity modulus/SWV. Consequently, 2D-SWE may represent a novel tool for assessing early-phase ACS.

Purpose: This study explored the association of the elasticity modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the tibialis anterior muscle, as measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), with the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) determined using the Whitesides method in a New Zealand rabbit model of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Additionally, it evaluated the viability of 2D-SWE as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for the early detection of ACS. Methods: An ACS model was established through direct external compression by applying pressure bandaging to the lower legs of 15 New Zealand rabbits using neonatal blood pressure cuffs. Another five animals represented a non-modeled control group. To measure the elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscles, 2D-SWE was employed. Blood oxygen saturation, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels were monitored. Subsequently, the anterior tibial compartment was dissected, and the tibialis anterior was removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess muscle injury. Results: The elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscle increased with compression duration, as did serum CK and myoglobin levels. ICP was strongly positively correlated with these parameters, particularly mean velocity (r=0.942, P<0.001) and CK (r=0.942, P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with ICP (r=-0.887, P<0.001). Histological analysis indicated progressive muscle cell swelling over time, with damage transitioning from reversible to irreversible and culminating in necrosis. Conclusion In a rabbit ACS model, ICP was strongly positively correlated with muscle elasticity modulus/SWV. Consequently, 2D-SWE may represent a novel tool for assessing early-phase ACS.

Purpose: This study explored the association of the elasticity modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the tibialis anterior muscle, as measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), with the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) determined using the Whitesides method in a New Zealand rabbit model of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Additionally, it evaluated the viability of 2D-SWE as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for the early detection of ACS. Methods: An ACS model was established through direct external compression by applying pressure bandaging to the lower legs of 15 New Zealand rabbits using neonatal blood pressure cuffs. Another five animals represented a non-modeled control group. To measure the elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscles, 2D-SWE was employed. Blood oxygen saturation, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels were monitored. Subsequently, the anterior tibial compartment was dissected, and the tibialis anterior was removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess muscle injury. Results: The elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscle increased with compression duration, as did serum CK and myoglobin levels. ICP was strongly positively correlated with these parameters, particularly mean velocity (r=0.942, P<0.001) and CK (r=0.942, P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with ICP (r=-0.887, P<0.001). Histological analysis indicated progressive muscle cell swelling over time, with damage transitioning from reversible to irreversible and culminating in necrosis. Conclusion In a rabbit ACS model, ICP was strongly positively correlated with muscle elasticity modulus/SWV. Consequently, 2D-SWE may represent a novel tool for assessing early-phase ACS.

Purpose: This study explored the association of the elasticity modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the tibialis anterior muscle, as measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), with the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) determined using the Whitesides method in a New Zealand rabbit model of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Additionally, it evaluated the viability of 2D-SWE as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for the early detection of ACS. Methods: An ACS model was established through direct external compression by applying pressure bandaging to the lower legs of 15 New Zealand rabbits using neonatal blood pressure cuffs. Another five animals represented a non-modeled control group. To measure the elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscles, 2D-SWE was employed. Blood oxygen saturation, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels were monitored. Subsequently, the anterior tibial compartment was dissected, and the tibialis anterior was removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess muscle injury. Results: The elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscle increased with compression duration, as did serum CK and myoglobin levels. ICP was strongly positively correlated with these parameters, particularly mean velocity (r=0.942, P<0.001) and CK (r=0.942, P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with ICP (r=-0.887, P<0.001). Histological analysis indicated progressive muscle cell swelling over time, with damage transitioning from reversible to irreversible and culminating in necrosis. Conclusion In a rabbit ACS model, ICP was strongly positively correlated with muscle elasticity modulus/SWV. Consequently, 2D-SWE may represent a novel tool for assessing early-phase ACS.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus HKU1 (Human CoV-HKU1) and NL63 (Human CoV-NL63) in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Nanjing. Methods: From August 2009 to July 2011, 1 286 respiratory samples were collected from the outpatient and hospitalized children in the Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect HCoV-HKU1 and NL63 genes, besides, positive samples were used for common respiratory virus screening. The positive amplification products were cloned, sequenced, homologous and phylogenetic analysis was conducted by molecular biological method . Results: The detection rate of HCoV-HKU1 was 1.1% (14/1 286), the positive sequences shared a 98.2%-100% nucleotide identity with the HCoV-HKU1 strains and mixed infection rate was 92.9%. The main clinical diagnoses were bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis. The clinical manifestations were cough, fever, wheezing. The detection rate of HCoV-NL63 was 1.5% (19/1 286), the positive sequences shared a 95.6%-100% nucleotide identity with the HCoV-NL63 strains and mixed infection rate were 63.2%. The main clinical diagnosis were acute upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia. The clinical manifestations were fever, cough, expectoration. No deaths were found in both HCoV-HKU1 and NL63 infections. Conclusions From August 2009 to July 2011, HCoV-HKU1 and NL63 were detected in children with respiratory tract infection in Nanjing area. HCoV-HKU1 infected cases were lower respiratory tract infection, epidemic in winter and spring, infected cases were mainly under 1 years of age, HCoV-NL63 infected cases including upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract infection, epidemic in the season of summer and autumn. The infected cases were mainly at the age rank from 1 year to 3 years. The clinical manifestations of children infected with coronavirus HKU1 and NL63 are not specificity.